{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.alphabet-preslav-ohrid","hasFind":true,"slug":"alphabet-preslav-ohrid","url":"/de/stories/alphabet-preslav-ohrid/","topic":"Preslaw und Ohrid","title":"Die Schüler tragen die Bücher weiter","summary":"Die Schüler Kyrills und Methods kommen zu Boris I. In Pliska, Preslaw und Ohrid finden die Übersetzungen Lehrer und Abschreiber. Zwei Steininschriften zeigen die unterschiedlichen Formen der glagolitischen und der kyrillischen Schrift.","cover":{"title":"Die Schüler tragen die Bücher weiter","subtitle":"Von der mährischen Mission nach Preslaw und Ohrid","hook":"Wie führen die Schüler Kyrills Werk fort?","summary":"Die Schüler Kyrills und Methods kommen zu Boris I. In Pliska, Preslaw und Ohrid finden die Übersetzungen Lehrer und Abschreiber. Zwei Steininschriften zeigen die unterschiedlichen Formen der glagolitischen und der kyrillischen Schrift.","takeaway":"Die Geschichte zeigt, wie wichtig Lehrer und Abschreiber für das Fortleben einer Schrift sind."},"sortYear":886,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom1","styleId":"tsardom1","sortOrder":5,"title":"Hauptzeitraum: Erstes Bulgarisches Reich","dateLabel":"681–1018","eraShort":"Hauptzeitraum: I. Bulgar. Reich","slug":"tsardom1","fill":"#A68A68","ink":"#221616","raised":"#B39C7F","dark":"#786546"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom1","placeShort":"Preslaw und Ohrid","date":"9.–11. Jh.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-cutout-480.d0246713.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-cutout-960.d0246713.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-cutout-1600.d0246713.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-cutout-2400.d0246713.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#928983","h":1316,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-cutout-960.d0246713.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-cutout-960.d0246713.webp","id":"asset.abc.samuel-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Steinplatte mit drei Kreuzen und einer beschädigten Inschrift rechts unten.","objectCaption":"Inschrift Samuils","caption":"Die 1899 veröffentlichte historische Fotografie zeigt rechts unten kyrillische Buchstaben.","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Fyodor Uspensky · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Image: Fyodor Uspensky, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Historic photograph published in 1899; the inscription is at the lower right. Some passages are damaged. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Fyodor Uspensky, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Historic photograph published in 1899; the inscription is at the lower right. Some passages are damaged. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SamuilUspenskyBGHistory.png","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s1-moravia","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Kyrill schafft die glagolitische Schrift","body":"Kyrill, zuvor als Konstantin bekannt, und sein Bruder Method stammen aus Thessaloniki. Um 863 gehen sie nach Großmähren, einem Staat in Mitteleuropa. Fürst Rastislav hatte um Lehrer gebeten, die das Christentum in einer verständlichen Sprache erklären konnten.\n\nKyrill schafft die glagolitische Schrift, das erste slawische Alphabet. Mit ihr schreiben die Brüder Übersetzungen kirchlicher Texte aus dem Griechischen nieder. Die Sprache der Bücher heißt Altbulgarisch oder Altkirchenslawisch. Sie ist nicht das heute gesprochene Bulgarisch.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-alphabets-480.d064677e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-alphabets-960.d064677e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-alphabets-1600.d064677e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#d21e11","h":1593,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-alphabets-960.d064677e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-abc-alphabets-960.d064677e.webp","id":"asset.abc.alphabets","alt":"Glagolitisch und Kyrillisch: ein Vergleich im Museum. Moderne Vergleichstafel im Nationalen Historischen Museum in Sofia; keine mittelalterliche Inschrift.","objectCaption":"Moderne Vergleichstafel im Nationalen Historischen Museum in Sofia; keine mittelalterliche Inschrift.","caption":"Moderne Vergleichstafel im Nationalen Historischen Museum in Sofia; keine mittelalterliche Inschrift.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Apostoloff · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Apostoloff, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Modern comparative panel in the National History Museum, Sofia; not a medieval inscription. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Apostoloff, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Modern comparative panel in the National History Museum, Sofia; not a medieval inscription. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_History_Museum,_Sofia,_Bulgaria_20090405_277.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":27.658291666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s1-moravia","duration":27.776,"src":"/audio/de/alphabet-preslav-ohrid/s1-moravia.f7caca26.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.abc.vatican1985"},{"id":"src.abc.charles"},{"id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"},{"id":"src.abc.ibl"}]},{"id":"alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s2-reception","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Aufnahme in Pliska","body":"Kyrill stirbt 869 in Rom, Method 885. Nach Methods Tod werden einige Schüler eingekerkert und vertrieben. Kliment, Naum und Angelarius erreichen Bulgarien. Dem Institut für bulgarische Sprache zufolge empfängt Boris I. sie 886 in Pliska.\n\nBoris unterstützt ihre Arbeit. Für den Gottesdienst, das gemeinsame Gebet in der Kirche, werden Bücher gebraucht. Ebenso braucht man Menschen, die lesen und lehren können. Diese Unterstützung trägt wahrscheinlich dazu bei, dass ihre Arbeit weitergeht.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-pliska-480.1bd1feb4.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-pliska-960.1bd1feb4.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-pliska-1600.1bd1feb4.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#8a8f8e","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-pliska-960.1bd1feb4.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-abc-pliska-960.1bd1feb4.webp","id":"asset.abc.pliska","alt":"Pliska: Palastreste heute. Eine aktuelle Aufnahme der archäologischen Überreste; sie zeigt nicht den Empfang im Jahr 886.","objectCaption":"Aktuelle Aufnahme der archäologischen Überreste; sie zeigt nicht den Empfang im Jahr 886.","caption":"Aktuelle Aufnahme der archäologischen Überreste; sie zeigt nicht den Empfang im Jahr 886.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Svilen Enev · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Svilen Enev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Modern photograph of the archaeological remains; does not show the welcome in 886. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Svilen Enev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Modern photograph of the archaeological remains; does not show the welcome in 886. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ruins_in_Pliska_Palace_9.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ungefähres Gebiet schriftgelehrter Arbeit, kein bestimmtes Gebäude und keine Station auf einer belegten Route.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.abc.pliska","name":"Pliska","latitude":43.362015,"longitude":27.125411,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":5000,"sourceIds":["src.abc.coordinates.pliska","src.abc.ibl","src.abc.cheshmedzhiev","src.abc.reuter2020"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"abc.pliska","url":"/de/map/#abc.pliska"},{"note":"Ungefähres Gebiet schriftgelehrter Arbeit, kein bestimmtes Gebäude und keine Station auf einer belegten 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Schrift im Stein","body":"Betrachten Sie die Zeichen unter dem Pflanzenornament. Dies ist die Tafel von Baška aus der Zeit um 1100 aus dem heutigen Kroatien. Sie zeigt eine spätere Verwendung der glagolitischen Schrift. Die Schüler haben diese Tafel nicht nach Bulgarien gebracht. Der Text erwähnt eine Landschenkung von König Zvonimir.\n\nManche Buchstaben haben Schleifen, andere ähneln Kreuzen. Das Original wird in Zagreb aufbewahrt; in der Kirche in Jurandvor steht eine Replik, also eine Kopie. Die Schrift ist überwiegend glagolitisch, enthält aber auch andere Zeichen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-baska-480.a2f66bb4.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-baska-960.a2f66bb4.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-baska-1600.a2f66bb4.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#bcb0a1","h":1237,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-baska-960.a2f66bb4.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-abc-baska-960.a2f66bb4.webp","id":"asset.abc.baska","alt":"Beleuchtete Kopie der Steinplatte mit glagolitischen Buchstaben und Pflanzenornamenten.","objectCaption":"Beleuchtete moderne Kopie der Tafel von Baška in der Kirche der heiligen Lucia in Jurandvor.","caption":"Beleuchtete moderne Kopie der Tafel von Baška in der Kirche der heiligen Lucia in Jurandvor.","kindLabel":"Foto","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Sibinia · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Sibinia / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern copy. Cropped image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Sibinia / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern copy. Cropped image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ba%C5%A1ka-Tablettbeleuchtung.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-abc-glag-cross","x":0.04489795918367347,"y":0.32673267326732675,"title":"Kreuzförmiges Zeichen","body":"Am Anfang der oberen Zeile ist ein kreuzförmiges Zeichen zu sehen. Betrachten Sie die sich kreuzenden Striche. Für den Anfang gibt es verschiedene wissenschaftliche Lesarten; hier betrachten wir die Form, ohne eine Lesart vorzugeben.","sourceIds":["src.abc.photo.baska","src.abc.hazu","src.abc.croatian-encyclopedia"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-abc-glag-loops","x":0.4394557823129251,"y":0.38019801980198015,"title":"Buchstabe mit Schleifen","body":"Hier in der zweiten Zeile ist ein Zeichen mit zwei gerundeten Teilen zu sehen. Vergleichen Sie es mit der Kreuzform. Glagolitische Buchstaben hatten nicht in allen Jahrhunderten dieselbe Form.","sourceIds":["src.abc.photo.baska","src.abc.hazu","src.abc.croatian-encyclopedia"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":27.460916666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s3-glagolitic","duration":27.563,"src":"/audio/de/alphabet-preslav-ohrid/s3-glagolitic.9721b506.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.abc.hazu"},{"id":"src.abc.baska2019"},{"id":"src.abc.baska-church"},{"id":"src.abc.croatian-encyclopedia"},{"id":"src.abc.photo.baska"}]},{"id":"alphabet-preslav-ohrid.a1-first-script","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Welches Alphabet war das erste?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.abc.story-first","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Welches Alphabet schafft Kyrill für die slawische Sprache?","sourceIds":["src.abc.ibl","src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"],"items":[{"id":"a1-cyrillic","label":"Das kyrillische Alphabet","whyWrong":"Das kyrillische Alphabet entsteht später; die Geschichte unterscheidet die beiden Schriften."},{"id":"a1-glagolitic","label":"Das glagolitische Alphabet"},{"id":"a1-greek","label":"Das griechische Alphabet","whyWrong":"Texte wurden aus dem Griechischen übersetzt; das bedeutet nicht, dass Kyrill das griechische Alphabet schuf."}],"explanation":"Das erste slawische Alphabet ist das glagolitische. Der Name des kyrillischen Alphabets macht es nicht zum selben Alphabet.","correctItemId":"a1-glagolitic","sources":[{"id":"src.abc.ibl"},{"id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.834625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.a1-first-script","duration":3.925,"src":"/audio/de/alphabet-preslav-ohrid/a1-first-script.0d287359.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.abc.ibl"},{"id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"}]},{"id":"alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s4-schools","number":5,"kind":"narrative","title":"Kliment und Naum lehren","body":"Kliment lehrt in den südwestlichen Gebieten des bulgarischen Staates, die mit Ohrid verbunden sind. 893 wird er Bischof und leitet eine kirchliche Gemeinschaft. Naum übernimmt den Unterricht.\n\nIm Nordosten arbeiten Menschen um Pliska und Preslaw mit Büchern. Wir nennen diese Zentren Literaturschulen: In Klöstern und Kirchen übersetzen und schreiben Menschen und bilden andere aus. In beiden Gebieten verwendet man glagolitische Bücher. Forschungen zufolge wird die glagolitische Schrift auch in Preslaw verwendet.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-round-church-480.e65ba050.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-round-church-960.e65ba050.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-round-church-1600.e65ba050.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7a827e","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-round-church-960.e65ba050.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-abc-round-church-960.e65ba050.webp","id":"asset.abc.round-church","alt":"Die Rundkirche in Preslaw heute. Archäologische Stätte mit restaurierten Teilen; kein erhaltener mittelalterlicher Unterrichtsraum.","objectCaption":"Archäologische Stätte mit restaurierten Teilen; kein erhaltener mittelalterlicher Unterrichtsraum.","caption":"Archäologische Stätte mit restaurierten Teilen; kein erhaltener mittelalterlicher Unterrichtsraum.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Nikolov2010 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Photo: Nikolov2010, Wikimedia Commons, CC0. Archaeological site with restored portions; not a surviving medieval classroom. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Nikolov2010, Wikimedia Commons, CC0. Archaeological site with restored portions; not a surviving medieval classroom. 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Aufnahme von 2014 mit archäologischen Überresten und neuer Bebauung; sie belegt nicht den genauen Ort von Kliments Unterricht.","objectCaption":"Aufnahme von 2014 mit archäologischen Überresten und neuer Bebauung; sie belegt nicht den genauen Ort von Kliments Unterricht.","caption":"Aufnahme von 2014 mit archäologischen Überresten und neuer Bebauung; sie belegt nicht den genauen Ort von Kliments Unterricht.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Diego Delso, https://delso.photo, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Photograph from 2014 showing archaeological remains and modern construction; does not establish the precise location of Clement’s lessons. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Diego Delso, https://delso.photo, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. 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Die Klosterkirche in ihrer heutigen Gestalt; das Gebäude wird nicht als seit Naums Zeit unverändert dargestellt.","objectCaption":"Die Klosterkirche in ihrer heutigen Gestalt; das Gebäude wird nicht als seit Naums Zeit unverändert dargestellt.","caption":"Die Klosterkirche in ihrer heutigen Gestalt; das Gebäude wird nicht als seit Naums Zeit unverändert dargestellt.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Petar Milošević · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Petar Milošević, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Present-day view of the monastery church; the building is not presented as unchanged since Naum’s time. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Petar Milošević, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Present-day view of the monastery church; the building is not presented as unchanged since Naum’s time. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Naum_Monastery_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9E%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ungefähres Gebiet schriftgelehrter Arbeit, kein bestimmtes Gebäude und keine Station auf einer belegten Route.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.abc.preslav","name":"Preslaw","latitude":43.160509,"longitude":26.811977,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.abc.coordinates.preslav","src.abc.ibl","src.abc.cheshmedzhiev","src.sim.coordinates.preslav","src.sim.preslav.history","src.sim.preslav.hall"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"abc.preslav","url":"/de/map/#abc.preslav"},{"note":"Ungefähres Gebiet schriftgelehrter Arbeit, kein bestimmtes Gebäude und keine Station auf einer belegten Route.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.abc.ohrid","name":"Ohrid","latitude":41.116944444444,"longitude":20.801944444444,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.abc.coordinates.ohrid","src.abc.ibl","src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"abc.ohrid","url":"/de/map/#abc.ohrid"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":26.741125,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s4-schools","duration":26.837,"src":"/audio/de/alphabet-preslav-ohrid/s4-schools.12156c73.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"},{"id":"src.abc.ibl"},{"id":"src.abc.slavova1999"},{"id":"src.abc.coordinates.ohrid"}]},{"id":"alphabet-preslav-ohrid.a2-sequence","number":6,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Zeitlich ordnen","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.abc.story-order","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Ordnen Sie die Ereignisse vom frühesten zum spätesten.","sourceIds":["src.abc.vatican1985","src.abc.ibl","src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"],"items":[{"id":"ev-abc-mission","label":"Die Brüder reisen nach Mähren"},{"id":"ev-abc-methodius","label":"Method stirbt"},{"id":"ev-abc-reception","label":"Boris empfängt die Schüler"},{"id":"ev-abc-naum","label":"Naum übernimmt den Unterricht"}],"explanation":"Die Mission liegt vor Methods Tod. Danach folgen die Vertreibung und die Aufnahme in Bulgarien. Naum übernimmt den Unterricht nach Kliment erst später.","correctOrderIds":["ev-abc-mission","ev-abc-methodius","ev-abc-reception","ev-abc-naum"],"sources":[{"id":"src.abc.vatican1985"},{"id":"src.abc.ibl"},{"id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.4282916666666665,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.a2-sequence","duration":3.541,"src":"/audio/de/alphabet-preslav-ohrid/a2-sequence.b7bbb9c1.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.abc.vatican1985"},{"id":"src.abc.ibl"},{"id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"}]},{"id":"alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s5-cyrillic","number":7,"kind":"artifact","title":"Die Buchstaben auf dem Stein Samuils","body":"Betrachten Sie die Inschrift Samuils, die im Dorf German am Prespasee gefunden wurde. Sie erinnert an Samuils Eltern und seinen Bruder. Das Datum entspricht den Jahren 992–993; häufig wird nur 993 genannt.\n\nDie Buchstaben sind kyrillisch. Die kyrillische Schrift entsteht um 900 in Bulgarien. Viele Zeichen folgen griechischen Großbuchstaben; andere geben slawische Laute wieder. Forschende vermuten, dass Gelehrte in Preslaw sie mit Unterstützung des Herrschers Simeon schaffen. Der Name ehrt Kyrill, doch sein Alphabet ist das glagolitische.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-480.bca334c2.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-960.bca334c2.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-1600.bca334c2.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-2400.bca334c2.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#a7a7a7","h":1316,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-960.bca334c2.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-abc-samuel-960.bca334c2.webp","id":"asset.abc.samuel","alt":"Steinplatte mit drei Kreuzen und einer beschädigten Inschrift rechts unten.","objectCaption":"Inschrift Samuils","caption":"Die 1899 veröffentlichte historische Fotografie zeigt rechts unten kyrillische Buchstaben.","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Fyodor Uspensky · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Image: Fyodor Uspensky, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Historic photograph published in 1899; the inscription is at the lower right. Some passages are damaged. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Fyodor Uspensky, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Historic photograph published in 1899; the inscription is at the lower right. Some passages are damaged. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SamuilUspenskyBGHistory.png","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-abc-cyr-a","x":0.699,"y":0.657,"title":"A am Zeilenanfang","body":"Am Anfang der dritten Textzeile sehen Sie ein A. Vergleichen Sie es mit dem kreuzförmigen Zeichen auf der anderen Platte. Die beiden Schriften haben unterschiedliche Buchstabenformen.","sourceIds":["src.abc.photo.samuel","src.abc.duychev1943","src.abc.charles"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-abc-cyr-m","x":0.773,"y":0.661,"title":"Buchstaben im Namen","body":"Der Punkt markiert das M im Namen Samuels. Seine Form ähnelt eher den heute vertrauten Großbuchstaben. Nicht alle Teile des Textes sind erhalten. Beschädigte Stellen erfordern einen Vergleich mit anderen Quellen, keine freie Ergänzung.","sourceIds":["src.abc.photo.samuel","src.abc.duychev1943"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":31.060041666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s5-cyrillic","duration":31.189,"src":"/audio/de/alphabet-preslav-ohrid/s5-cyrillic.11c81922.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.abc.ibl"},{"id":"src.abc.charles"},{"id":"src.abc.duychev1943"},{"id":"src.abc.popkonstantinov2003"},{"id":"src.abc.photo.samuel"}]},{"id":"alphabet-preslav-ohrid.s6-continuity","number":8,"kind":"narrative","title":"Der Abschreiber schreibt auf Tierhaut","body":"Das Foto zeigt eine Seite aus dem Codex Suprasliensis, einem kyrillischen Buch aus Ostbulgarien. Es ist auf Pergament geschrieben, bearbeiteter Tierhaut. Das Buch ist etwa tausend Jahre alt. Seine Teile befinden sich heute in Warschau, Ljubljana und Sankt Petersburg.\n\nDie kyrillische und die glagolitische Schrift werden parallel verwendet. Bücher aus den bulgarischen Zentren verbreiten sich in anderen slawischen Gebieten und werden dort abgeschrieben. Die Unterstützung für Lehrer und Abschreiber trägt wahrscheinlich dazu bei, dass die Bücher mehr Menschen erreichen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-suprasliensis-480.983b8608.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-suprasliensis-960.983b8608.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-abc-suprasliensis-1222.983b8608.avif","w":1222}],"dominant":"#ada98c","h":1600,"w":1222,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-abc-suprasliensis-960.983b8608.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-abc-suprasliensis-960.983b8608.webp","id":"asset.abc.suprasliensis","alt":"Eine Seite des Codex Suprasliensis. Digitales Bild einer kyrillischen Pergamenthandschrift; kein Buch, das von Kyrills Hand erhalten ist.","objectCaption":"Digitales Bild einer kyrillischen Pergamenthandschrift; kein Buch, das von Kyrills Hand erhalten ist.","caption":"Digitales Bild einer kyrillischen Pergamenthandschrift; kein Buch, das von Kyrills Hand erhalten ist.","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Retko (mittelalterlicher Schreiber, nicht Fotograf der digitalen Kopie) · Public domain · Polona / Polnische Nationalbibliothek, über Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Scribe: Retko. Digital image: Polona / National Library of Poland, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Scribe: Retko. Digital image: Polona / National Library of Poland, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. 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Die Benennung der kyrillischen Schrift zu Ehren Kyrills belegt nicht, dass er sie geschaffen hat.","sources":[{"id":"src.abc.ibl"},{"id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"}],"columns":["Person","Rolle"]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.4863333333333335,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.alphabet-preslav-ohrid.a3-matching","duration":3.584,"src":"/audio/de/alphabet-preslav-ohrid/a3-matching.593d044e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.abc.ibl"},{"id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev"}]}],"minutes":4,"sources":[{"year":null,"url":"https://www.visitbaska.hr/en/explore/sights","institutionOrAuthor":"Tourist Board of Baška","id":"src.abc.baska-church","title":"The Church of St. Lucy","container":"Visit Baška — Sights","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","authors":["Tourist Board of Baška"],"accessed":"2026-11-02"},{"year":2019,"url":"https://www.visitbaska.hr/datastore/file/151/Katalog-TZO-Baska-2019-EN-HR.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Tourist Board of Baška","id":"src.abc.baska2019","title":"The Baška Tablet","container":"Baška visitor catalogue","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","authors":["Tourist Board of Baška"],"accessed":"2026-11-02","isPdf":true},{"year":null,"url":"https://medlit.fhs.cuni.cz/language/church-slavonic/","institutionOrAuthor":"Charles University, Faculty of Humanities, Medieval Languages and Literatures project","id":"src.abc.charles","title":"Church Slavonic","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","authors":["Charles University, Faculty of Humanities, Medieval Languages and Literatures project"],"accessed":"2026-11-02","container":""},{"year":null,"url":"https://burgasmuseums.bg/en/article/slavonic-alphabets-between-bulgaria-byzantium-997","institutionOrAuthor":"Dimo Cheshmedzhiev; Regional Historical Museum Burgas","id":"src.abc.cheshmedzhiev","title":"The Slavonic alphabets – between Bulgaria and Byzantium","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","authors":["Dimo Cheshmedzhiev; Regional Historical Museum Burgas"],"accessed":"2026-11-02","container":""},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1223508","institutionOrAuthor":"Wikimedia geographical database contributors","id":"src.abc.coordinates.ohrid","title":"Ohrid: geographical records","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","authors":["Wikimedia geographical database contributors"],"accessed":"2026-11-02","container":""},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/bascanska-ploca","institutionOrAuthor":"Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža","id":"src.abc.croatian-encyclopedia","title":"Bašćanska ploča","container":"Hrvatska enciklopedija, mrežno izdanje","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","authors":["Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža"],"accessed":"2026-11-02"},{"year":1943,"url":"https://macedonia.kroraina.com/idsbk1/idsbk1_25.htm","institutionOrAuthor":"Иван Дуйчев, съставител и преводач","id":"src.abc.duychev1943","title":"XXV. 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