{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.april-uprising-1876","hasFind":true,"slug":"april-uprising-1876","url":"/de/stories/april-uprising-1876/","topic":"Aprilaufstand 1876","title":"Die Briefe, die Europa erreichten","summary":"Von Kableschkows Brief über MacGahans Reportagen bis zu Gladstones Broschüre. Drei Orte, unterschiedliche Zeugnisse und Zahlen, die Aufmerksamkeit verlangen.","cover":{"title":"Die Briefe, die Europa erreichten","subtitle":"Der Aprilaufstand und seine Wirkung","hook":"Was schreibt MacGahan über den Aufstand?","summary":"Von Kableschkows Brief über MacGahans Reportagen bis zu Gladstones Broschüre. Drei Orte, unterschiedliche Zeugnisse und Zahlen, die Aufmerksamkeit verlangen.","takeaway":"Historikern zufolge verstärken die Reportagen in Großbritannien den Druck auf Veränderungen. Sie sind Teil der umfassenderen Krise vor dem Krieg."},"sortYear":1876,"firstActivity":7,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Wiedergeburt und Befreiung","dateLabel":"18.–19. Jahrhundert","eraShort":"Wiedergeburt","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Bulgarien","date":"1876","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-cutout-480.3190497f.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-cutout-877.3190497f.avif","w":877}],"dominant":"#8b776d","h":484,"w":877,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-cutout-877.3190497f.webp","w":877}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-cutout-877.3190497f.webp","id":"asset.apr.cannon-troyan-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Nachbau einer Kirschholzkanone in Trojan; keine Kanone aus dem Kampf","objectCaption":"Holzkanone (Nachbau)","caption":"","kind":"reconstruction","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Dakovski · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Dakovski / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Reconstruction of a cherry-wood cannon in Troyan; not a surviving battle gun. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Dakovski / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Reconstruction of a cherry-wood cannon in Troyan; not a surviving battle gun. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cherry_cannon_Troyan.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"april-uprising-1876.s1-letter","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ein Brief aus Kopriwschtiza","body":"Ein Brief geht von Kopriwschtiza nach Panagjurischte. Todor Kableschkow teilt mit, dass der Aufstand begonnen hat. Der Brief ist als „Blutiger Brief“ bekannt. Er fordert die Empfänger auf, dem Beispiel von Kopriwschtiza zu folgen. Es ist der 20. April 1876 nach dem alten Kalender oder der 2. Mai nach dem heutigen. Ein Datum, auf zwei Arten geschrieben.\n\nDie bulgarischen Gebiete gehören damals zum Osmanischen Reich, einem Staat mit einem Sultan als Herrscher. Die Organisatoren wollen dessen Herrschaft abschütteln. Das Foto zeigt die Brücke „Erster Schuss“ heute, keine Aufnahme der Ereignisse.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-480.77d1cd56.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-960.77d1cd56.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-1600.77d1cd56.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#77836c","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-960.77d1cd56.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-960.77d1cd56.webp","id":"asset.apr.bridge","alt":"Die Brücke „Erster Schuss“ in Kopriwschtiza heute","objectCaption":"Die Brücke „Erster Schuss“ in Kopriwschtiza heute","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Esther Westerveld from Haarlemmermeer, Nederland · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Esther Westerveld from Haarlemmermeer, Nederland / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The First Shot Bridge in Koprivshtitsa today. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Esther Westerveld from Haarlemmermeer, Nederland / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The First Shot Bridge in Koprivshtitsa today. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brug_van_het_eerste_schot_-_Koprivshtitsa_(4759742960).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":31.094875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.april-uprising-1876.april-uprising-1876.s1-letter","duration":31.189,"src":"/audio/de/april-uprising-1876/s1-letter.b9b585d8.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apr.sliven"},{"id":"src.apr.military"},{"id":"src.apr.pavlov"},{"id":"src.apr.image.bridge"}]},{"id":"april-uprising-1876.s2-three-towns","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Drei Orte auf der Karte","body":"Suchen Sie Kopriwschtiza und dann Panagjurischte. Beide Städte erheben sich am selben Tag. Panagjurischte ist das Zentrum des Vierten Revolutionsbezirks. „Bezirk“ bezeichnet hier ein Gebiet zur Organisation des Aufstands. Hier näht und schwenkt die Lehrerin Rajna Popgeorgiewa eine Fahne der Aufständischen. Bekannt ist sie unter dem Beinamen Rajna Knjaginja.\n\nBlicken Sie nach Süden zu Batak in den Rhodopen. Auch dieser Ort gehört zu dem Bezirk. Die Museumschronik beschreibt die Wahl von Petar Goranow zum Wojwoden, dem Anführer der Bewaffneten. Sie beschreibt auch die Kämpfe. Der Aufstand findet nicht überall gleichzeitig und mit gleicher Stärke statt.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Kopriwschtiza gehörte zu den Städten, in denen sich nach Gabrowo die neue weltliche bulgarische Schulbildung verbreitete.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.koprivshtitsa","name":"Koprivschtiza","latitude":42.6375324,"longitude":24.3577991,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.krasteva-2024","src.gabrovo.osm","src.apr.coordinates","src.apr.sliven"],"radiusMeters":1000,"short":"Koprivschtiza","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.koprivshtitsa","url":"/de/map/#gabrovo.koprivshtitsa"},{"note":"Panagjurischte ist mit dem Goldschatz und dem Aprilaufstand von 1876 verbunden.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.panag.panagyurishte","name":"Panagjurischte — 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Grenze.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.apr.batak","name":"Batak","latitude":41.94399,"longitude":24.217791,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1500,"sourceIds":["src.apr.coordinates","src.apr.batak"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/place/#batak-massacre-khatchkar","slug":"apr.batak","url":"/de/map/#apr.batak","number":3,"x":33.97239,"y":70.53096,"inside":true,"viewX":42.081928258064515,"viewY":62.222591948387084}],"extent":[0,0,1,1],"orientation":[{"name":"Sofia","kind":"town","x":22.774,"y":50.826,"viewX":28.210374193548386,"viewY":36.962104516129024},{"name":"Plowdiw","kind":"town","x":40.566,"y":65.549,"viewX":50.24949677419356,"viewY":55.83604064516129},{"name":"Warna","kind":"town","x":80.184,"y":37.187,"viewX":99.32469677419355,"viewY":19.477786451612886},{"name":"Burgas","kind":"town","x":74.532,"y":55.892,"viewX":92.32350967741935,"viewY":43.45638967741935},{"name":"Russe","kind":"town","x":55.821,"y":20.617,"viewX":69.14601290322581,"viewY":-1.763884516129049},{"name":"Weliko 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Kanone aus Holz","body":"Betrachten Sie das Holzrohr, die Metallreifen und die Räder. Das Rohr ist der röhrenförmige Teil der Kanone. Dies ist ein Nachbau einer Kirschholzkanone in Trojan. Er zeigt die Art des Geschützes, ist aber kein erhaltenes Stück aus einem Gefecht in Panagjurischte. Die Aufständischen verwendeten tatsächlich auch Holzkanonen.\n\nGegen die Aufständischen kämpfen reguläre osmanische Truppen und Baschibosuken. Das sind bewaffnete Verbände außerhalb des regulären Heeres. Niederlage und schwere Verluste folgen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-480.3e2ee8a5.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-960.3e2ee8a5.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-1600.3e2ee8a5.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#999ea2","h":1224,"w":1632,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-960.3e2ee8a5.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-960.3e2ee8a5.webp","id":"asset.apr.cannon-troyan","alt":"Nachbau einer Kirschholzkanone in Trojan; keine Kanone aus dem Kampf","objectCaption":"Holzkanone (Nachbau)","caption":"","kind":"reconstruction","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Dakovski · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Dakovski / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Reconstruction of a cherry-wood cannon in Troyan; not a surviving battle gun. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Dakovski / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Reconstruction of a cherry-wood cannon in Troyan; not a surviving battle gun. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cherry_cannon_Troyan.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-apr-barrel","x":0.4,"y":0.45,"title":"Holzrohr","body":"Das Rohr ist der Lauf der Kanone. Hier ist es aus Holz. Die gezeigte Kanone ist ein Nachbau.","sourceIds":["src.apr.image.cannon-troyan"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-apr-hoops","x":0.46,"y":0.44,"title":"Metallreifen","body":"Die Reifen umschließen das Holzrohr des Nachbaus.","sourceIds":["src.apr.image.cannon-troyan"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-apr-wheel","x":0.66,"y":0.73,"title":"Rad","body":"Das Rad gehört zur hölzernen Lafette. Die gezeigte Kanone ist ein Nachbau in Trojan, kein Fund aus Panagjurischte.","sourceIds":["src.apr.image.cannon-troyan"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":25.765875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.april-uprising-1876.april-uprising-1876.s3-wooden-cannon","duration":25.856,"src":"/audio/de/april-uprising-1876/s3-wooden-cannon.6be39de6.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apr.military"},{"id":"src.apr.macgahan"},{"id":"src.apr.image.cannon-troyan"}]},{"id":"april-uprising-1876.s4-batak","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Die Kirche in Batak","body":"In Batak werden viele Zivilisten getötet, darunter Kinder. Heute ist die Kirche „Sweta Nedelja“ ein Ort des Gedenkens. Das Foto zeigt ihren Eingang, ohne menschliche Überreste.\n\nDie genaue Zahl der Toten ist nicht ermittelt. Verschiedene Schätzungen sind überliefert. In Berichten über den Aufstand werden auch getötete Muslime erwähnt.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-480.b0cc2ab4.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-960.b0cc2ab4.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-1600.b0cc2ab4.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7b8c98","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-960.b0cc2ab4.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-960.b0cc2ab4.webp","id":"asset.apr.batak-exterior","alt":"Der Eingang zur Kirche Sweta Nedelja in Batak heute","objectCaption":"Der Eingang zur Kirche Sweta Nedelja in Batak heute","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Спасимир · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Спасимир / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Entrance to St Nedelya church in Batak today. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Спасимир / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Entrance to St Nedelya church in Batak today. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Church_StNedelya,_Batak_2012_01.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":17.209333333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.april-uprising-1876.april-uprising-1876.s4-batak","duration":17.323,"src":"/audio/de/april-uprising-1876/s4-batak.79e0c188.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apr.batak"},{"id":"src.apr.macgahan"},{"id":"src.apr.baring-batak"},{"id":"src.apr.hansard"},{"id":"src.apr.markovich"},{"id":"src.apr.military"},{"id":"src.apr.image.batak-exterior"},{"id":"src.apr.batak-hall"}]},{"id":"april-uprising-1876.s5-reporter","number":5,"kind":"narrative","title":"MacGahan spricht mit Überlebenden","body":"Im Sommer trifft der amerikanische Journalist Januarius MacGahan ein. Er schreibt Reportagen für die Londoner Zeitung „Daily News“: Berichte über das, was er gesehen und erfahren hat. Er besucht betroffene Orte und spricht mit Überlebenden. Die Niederschlagung in Batak selbst hat er nicht gesehen.\n\nAuch der amerikanische Diplomat Schuyler, ein Vertreter seines Landes, untersucht die Ereignisse und verfasst einen schriftlichen Bericht. Die Zeitung hatte schon im Juni über die Gewalt berichtet. Historikern zufolge verstärken MacGahans Reportagen die Empörung in Großbritannien. Zu sehen ist das Titelblatt von Gladstones Flugschrift aus dem Jahr 1876.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-pamphlet-480.caaefbc2.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-pamphlet-960.caaefbc2.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-pamphlet-1365.caaefbc2.avif","w":1365}],"dominant":"#f5ebba","h":2400,"w":1365,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-pamphlet-960.caaefbc2.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-pamphlet-960.caaefbc2.webp","id":"asset.apr.pamphlet","alt":"Titelseite von „Die bulgarischen Gräuel und die orientalische Frage“, 1876","objectCaption":"Titelseite von „Die bulgarischen Gräuel und die orientalische Frage“, 1876","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart), 1809-1898 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons / Internet Archive (UC Berkeley copy)","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Gladstone, W. E. 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