{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.asen-peter-1185","hasFind":true,"slug":"asen-peter-1185","url":"/de/stories/asen-peter-1185/","topic":"Peter, Asen und der Aufstand von 1185","title":"Die Kirche und der Beginn eines Zarenreichs","summary":"Zwei Brüder werden vom Kaiser abgewiesen. Danach sammeln sich Menschen um eine Kirche zum Aufstand. Verfolge den Rückzug und die Rückkehr mit kumanischen Verbündeten, die Wiederherstellung des bulgarischen Staates und das, was Choniates tatsächlich berichtet.","cover":{"title":"Die Kirche und der Beginn eines Zarenreichs","subtitle":"Peter, Asen und der Aufstand von 1185–1186","hook":"Wie gewinnen Peter und Asen Mitstreiter?","summary":"Zwei Brüder werden vom Kaiser abgewiesen. Danach sammeln sich Menschen um eine Kirche zum Aufstand. Verfolge den Rückzug und die Rückkehr mit kumanischen Verbündeten, die Wiederherstellung des bulgarischen Staates und das, was Choniates tatsächlich berichtet.","takeaway":"Der Aufstand begründet das Zweite Bulgarische Zarenreich, einen Staat unter der Herrschaft eines Zaren. Ein aufgezeichnetes Versprechen der Hilfe eines Heiligen beweist kein Wunder."},"sortYear":1185,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Zweites Bulgarisches Reich","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"II. Bulgar. Reich","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Tarnowo","date":"1185–1186","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-480.b57c9fca.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-960.b57c9fca.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-1478.b57c9fca.avif","w":1478}],"dominant":"#8e7965","h":1358,"w":1478,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-960.b57c9fca.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-960.b57c9fca.webp","id":"asset.asen.isaac-coin-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Münze Isaaks II. aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, aus Elektron, einer Gold-Silber-Legierung. Ein Bezug zur Hochzeitssteuer ist nicht belegt.","objectCaption":"Münze Isaaks II.","caption":"Münze Isaaks II. aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, aus Elektron, einer Gold-Silber-Legierung. Ein Bezug zur Hochzeitssteuer ist nicht belegt.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 · Metropolitan Museum of Art","license":"CC0 1.0","attribution":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art · 22.122.1 · Gift of Bashford Dean, 1922 · CC0 1.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art · 22.122.1 · Gift of Bashford Dean, 1922 · CC0 1.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/32954","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"asen-peter-1185.s1-wedding-tax","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Eine Hochzeit, für die andere zahlen","body":"Isaak II. Angelos bereitet eine Hochzeit vor. Er ist Kaiser von Byzanz, dem Oströmischen Reich. Dem mittelalterlichen Bericht zufolge sind die Menschen am Balkangebirge über eine Abgabe für die Hochzeit unzufrieden. Sie müssen ihrem Herrscher dafür einen Teil ihres Besitzes geben.\n\nZwei Brüder, Peter und Asen, gehen zum Kaiser. Sie wollen im Heer dienen und Land am Gebirge erhalten. Ihre Bitte wird abgelehnt. Gekränkt kehren sie zurück.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-480.caf46255.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-960.caf46255.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-1600.caf46255.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#9d948a","h":1430,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-960.caf46255.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-960.caf46255.webp","id":"asset.asen.isaac-coin","alt":"Münze Isaaks II. aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, aus Elektron, einer Gold-Silber-Legierung. Ein Bezug zur Hochzeitssteuer ist nicht belegt.","objectCaption":"Münze Isaaks II.","caption":"Münze Isaaks II. aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, aus Elektron, einer Gold-Silber-Legierung. Ein Bezug zur Hochzeitssteuer ist nicht belegt.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 · Metropolitan Museum of Art","license":"CC0 1.0","attribution":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art · 22.122.1 · Gift of Bashford Dean, 1922 · CC0 1.0. Cropped image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art · 22.122.1 · Gift of Bashford Dean, 1922 · CC0 1.0. Cropped image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/32954","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":22.967875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.asen-peter-1185.asen-peter-1185.s1-wedding-tax","duration":23.083,"src":"/audio/de/asen-peter-1185/s1-wedding-tax.7ce5c9fe.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.asen.choniates"},{"id":"src.asen.met-coin"}]},{"id":"asen-peter-1185.s2-prayer-house","number":2,"kind":"narrative","title":"Die Brüder versammeln Menschen in der Kirche","body":"Die Menschen fürchten sich vor einem Aufstand, berichtet der mittelalterliche Autor. Die Brüder bauen eine Kirche für den heiligen Demetrios, der als Schutzpatron von Thessaloniki verehrt wird. Die dort Versammelten verkünden, der Heilige habe Thessaloniki verlassen und werde Bulgaren und Walachen zur Freiheit verhelfen. Walachen ist eine alte Bezeichnung für Gemeinschaften, deren Sprachen von der Sprache der alten Römer abstammen.\n\nDer Beginn des Aufstands wird gewöhnlich auf 1185 datiert. Der mittelalterliche Bericht nennt keinen genauen Tag. Das aufgezeichnete Versprechen beweist kein Wunder.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-480.ea68a3ac.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-960.ea68a3ac.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-1600.ea68a3ac.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7d6b5b","h":1065,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-960.ea68a3ac.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-960.ea68a3ac.webp","id":"asset.asen.church-overview","alt":"Heutige Aufnahme der Demetrioskirche und der Fundamente um sie herum.","objectCaption":"Heutige Aufnahme der Demetrioskirche und der Fundamente um sie herum.","caption":"Heutige Aufnahme der Demetrioskirche und der Fundamente um sie herum.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Klearchos Kapoutsis / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Modern photograph of St Demetrius Church and the foundations around it. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Modern photograph of St Demetrius Church and the foundations around it. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St_Demetrius_Tarnovo_Klearchos_2.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.328583333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.asen-peter-1185.asen-peter-1185.s2-prayer-house","duration":30.421,"src":"/audio/de/asen-peter-1185/s2-prayer-house.315f1c23.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.asen.choniates"},{"id":"src.asen.dobycina2012"},{"id":"src.asen.consecration-tradition"},{"id":"src.asen.pijovic2021"}]},{"id":"asen-peter-1185.s3-church-today","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Die Ziegel über dem Fenster","body":"Sieh dir die Demetrioskirche unterhalb der Trapesiza in Weliko Tarnowo an. Zwischen den Steinblöcken verlaufen Ziegelreihen. Über dem Fenster befinden sich runde Verzierungen aus gebranntem Ton.\n\nDas Museum bringt diese Kirche mit dem Aufstand in Verbindung. Es ist ungewiss, ob hier die Kirche der Brüder stand. Die Datierung der Überreste ist umstritten.\n\nDas Foto zeigt ein wiederaufgebautes Gebäude. Wir können nicht sagen, dass jeder Stein schon zur Zeit der Brüder hier stand.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-480.101a95b7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-960.101a95b7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-1600.101a95b7.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#74706e","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-960.101a95b7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-960.101a95b7.webp","id":"asset.asen.church-side","alt":"Fassade der rekonstruierten Demetrioskirche. Dies ist keine unberührte Mauer aus dem Jahr 1185.","objectCaption":"Fassade der rekonstruierten Demetrioskirche. Dies ist keine unberührte Mauer aus dem Jahr 1185.","caption":"Fassade der rekonstruierten Demetrioskirche. Dies ist keine unberührte Mauer aus dem Jahr 1185.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Kandi · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Kandi / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Facade of reconstructed St Demetrius Church. This is not an untouched wall from 1185. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Kandi / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Facade of reconstructed St Demetrius Church. This is not an untouched wall from 1185. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Church_of_St_Demetrius,_Veliko_Tarnovo_2.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-asen-stone","x":0.47,"y":0.73,"title":"Stein und Ziegel","body":"In der Mauer wechseln sich Steinblöcke und schmale Ziegelreihen ab. Wir sehen eine rekonstruierte Fassade.","sourceIds":["src.asen.museum-church","src.asen.photo.church-side","src.asen.guide2015"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-asen-ceramics","x":0.62,"y":0.105,"title":"Keramikschalen","body":"Runde Keramikelemente schmücken den Bogen über dem Fenster. Das Museum beschreibt diese Art von Fassadenschmuck.","sourceIds":["src.asen.museum-church","src.asen.photo.church-side","src.asen.guide2015"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-asen-arches","x":0.47,"y":0.6,"title":"Bögen an der Mauer","body":"Diese flachen Bogennischen schmücken die Mauer. Sie sind keine Durchgänge.","sourceIds":["src.asen.museum-church","src.asen.photo.church-side","src.asen.guide2015"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":23.234916666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.asen-peter-1185.asen-peter-1185.s3-church-today","duration":23.339,"src":"/audio/de/asen-peter-1185/s3-church-today.66c7416f.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.asen.museum-church"},{"id":"src.asen.dermendzhiev2016"},{"id":"src.asen.photo.church-side"},{"id":"src.asen.guide2015"}]},{"id":"asen-peter-1185.s4-hills","number":4,"kind":"map","title":"Unten die Kirche, oben die Festung","body":"Suche auf der Karte die Kirche unterhalb der Trapesiza und den Hügel Zarewez. Es sind verschiedene Orte. Zarewez ist ein befestigter Hügel. Steile Hänge und der Fluss Jantra erschweren Angreifern den Zugang. Dort liegt der Palastkomplex, von dem aus die Herrscher den Staat regieren.\n\nTarnowo wird Hauptstadt des wiederhergestellten bulgarischen Staates. Die Hauptstadt ist die Stadt, von der aus der Staat regiert wird. Die heutigen Palastreste stammen aus verschiedenen Bauphasen. Nicht alles auf dem Hügel entstand im Jahr des Aufstands.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-480.b4b2525e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-960.b4b2525e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-1600.b4b2525e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#929e97","h":456,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-960.b4b2525e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-960.b4b2525e.webp","id":"asset.asen.tsarevets-panorama","alt":"Der Hügel Zarewez heute, mit rekonstruierten Befestigungen und Patriarchenkirche.","objectCaption":"Der Hügel Zarewez heute, mit rekonstruierten Befestigungen und Patriarchenkirche.","caption":"Der Hügel Zarewez heute, mit rekonstruierten Befestigungen und Patriarchenkirche.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Tsarevets hill today, with restored fortifications and patriarchal church. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Tsarevets hill today, with restored fortifications and patriarchal church. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets-Panorama.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Der Punkt markiert die heutige rekonstruierte Kirche. Er legt den genauen Ort der Ereignisse des Aufstands nicht fest.","precision":"exact","id":"place.asen.church","name":"Die Demetrioskirche heute","latitude":43.08777778,"longitude":25.64833333,"accuracy":"verified_point","radiusMeters":40,"sourceIds":["src.asen.coord.q3656942","src.asen.museum-church","src.asen.guide2015"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"asen.church","url":"/de/map/#asen.church"},{"note":"Der Zarewez ist der befestigte Hügel mit dem Palastkomplex des mittelalterlichen Tarnowo.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.asen.tsarevets","name":"Zarewez","latitude":43.0833,"longitude":25.6528,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1000,"sourceIds":["src.asen.coord.q512147","src.asen.museum-tsarevets"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/tsarevets/","slug":"asen.tsarevets","url":"/de/map/#asen.tsarevets"},{"note":"Die heutige Kirche in der Stadt, die mit der Verehrung des Heiligen verbunden ist.","precision":"exact","id":"place.asen.thessaloniki","name":"Hagios Demetrios, Thessaloniki","latitude":40.638822222222,"longitude":22.947858333333,"accuracy":"verified_point","radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.asen.coord.q730019","src.asen.dobycina2012"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"asen.thessaloniki","url":"/de/map/#asen.thessaloniki"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/story-819f41578b1b2957.jpg?v=bcd6d4d475","w":2048,"h":2040,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/story-819f41578b1b2957-dark.jpg?v=5f67219b5e","w":2048,"h":2040,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[]},"places":[{"note":"Der Punkt markiert die heutige rekonstruierte Kirche. 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Botschaft oder Beweis","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.asen.evidence","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Was können wir aus Choniates’ Bericht über den Heiligen schließen?","sourceIds":["src.asen.choniates","src.asen.dobycina2012"],"items":[{"id":"opt-message","label":"Eine Botschaft wurde aufgezeichnet, wonach der Heilige Thessaloniki verlassen habe und helfen werde."},{"id":"opt-miracle","label":"Es ist bewiesen, dass der Heilige persönlich kämpfte.","whyWrong":"Der Text gibt eine Behauptung der Beteiligten wieder, keine überprüfte Teilnahme des Heiligen an einer Schlacht."},{"id":"opt-unchanged","label":"Das heutige Gebäude stammt aus der Zeit des Aufstands.","whyWrong":"S3 zeigt ein wiederaufgebautes Gebäude und erklärt den Streit um seine Zuordnung."}],"explanation":"Choniates gibt wieder, was in der Kirche verkündet wurde. 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