{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.atanasoff-computer","hasFind":true,"slug":"atanasoff-computer","url":"/de/stories/atanasoff-computer/","topic":"John Vincent Atanasoff","title":"Atanasoff und der Streit um den Computer","summary":"John Atanasoff und Clifford Berry bauen in Iowa eine Maschine für schwierige Berechnungen. Jahrzehnte später werden ihre Ideen Teil eines Streits um das Patent eines anderen Computers.","cover":{"title":"Atanasoff und der Streit um den Computer","subtitle":"Eine Rechenmaschine und ein Patentprozess","hook":"Was erschaffen Atanasoff und Berry?","summary":"John Atanasoff und Clifford Berry bauen in Iowa eine Maschine für schwierige Berechnungen. Jahrzehnte später werden ihre Ideen Teil eines Streits um das Patent eines anderen Computers.","takeaway":"Die Entscheidung über ein einzelnes Patent verteilt nicht alle Verdienste um die Entwicklung der Computer."},"sortYear":1942,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.xx","styleId":"xx","sortOrder":0,"title":"20. Jahrhundert","dateLabel":"1901–2000","eraShort":"20. Jahrhundert","slug":"xx","fill":"#CFC9C4","ink":"#221616","raised":"#D6D1CD","dark":"#64615F"},"epochId":"epoch.xx","placeShort":"Ames","date":"1939–1942","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-add-subtract-cutout-480.e7075786.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-add-subtract-cutout-660.e7075786.avif","w":660}],"dominant":"#937a61","h":811,"w":660,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-add-subtract-cutout-660.e7075786.webp","w":660}],"src":"/media/asset-ata-add-subtract-cutout-660.e7075786.webp","id":"asset.ata.add-subtract-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Rekonstruiertes Modul zum Addieren und Subtrahieren aus dem Atanasoff-Berry-Computer.","objectCaption":"ABC-Rekonstruktion","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"ArnoldReinhold · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: ArnoldReinhold / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reconstructed add-subtract module from the Atanasoff–Berry Computer. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"ArnoldReinhold / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reconstructed add-subtract module from the Atanasoff–Berry Computer. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atanasoff-Berry_add-subtract_module.agr.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"atanasoff-computer.s1-equations","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Eine Maschine gegen lange Rechnungen","body":"In Ames im US-Bundesstaat Iowa will John Atanasoff stundenlanges Rechnen einsparen. Ein mechanischer Rechner hilft, doch lange Aufgaben erfordern weiterhin viel Arbeit. Zwischen 1939 und 1942 bauen Atanasoff und Clifford Berry die Maschine in Ames.\n\nEs ist der Atanasoff-Berry-Computer, kurz ABC. Im Dezember 1939 funktioniert bereits ein Versuchsmodell. Die große Maschine ist für bis zu 29 Gleichungen mit 29 Unbekannten ausgelegt. Das sind zusammenhängende Gleichungen mit gemeinsamen fehlenden Zahlen. Stellen Sie sich mehrere Rechnungen mit unbekannten Preisen vor, die zugleich stimmen müssen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-480.895d0ba8.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-960.895d0ba8.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-1600.895d0ba8.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#828883","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-960.895d0ba8.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-960.895d0ba8.webp","id":"asset.ata.abc-durham","alt":"Rekonstruktion des Atanasoff-Berry-Computers im Durham Center.","objectCaption":"Rekonstruktion des Atanasoff-Berry-Computers im Durham Center.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"User:Manop · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: User:Manop / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. 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Das ist eine Speichertrommel. Das Foto zeigt eine Rekonstruktion, nicht die erhaltene Maschine aus der Kriegszeit. Im ABC werden Zahlen durch Nullen und Einsen dargestellt. Das nennen wir Binärsystem.\n\nKondensatoren, kleine Geräte zum Speichern elektrischer Ladung, bewahren diese Zeichen. Die Ladung lässt nach und muss regelmäßig aufgefrischt werden. So verliert der Speicher die Zahlen zwischen den Rechenschritten nicht. Ein Mensch gibt vor, was berechnet werden soll. 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