{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.balchik-palace","hasFind":true,"slug":"balchik-palace","url":"/de/stories/balchik-palace/","topic":"Baltschik","title":"Warum wechselt Marias Haus das Land?","summary":"Anhand des Hauses von Königin Maria verfolgen wir, wie die Süddobrudscha von Bulgarien an Rumänien und wieder zurück fällt. Haus und Gärten führen zu einem Vertrag, der Grenzen und Menschenleben verändert.","cover":{"title":"Warum wechselt Marias Haus das Land?","subtitle":"Die Süddobrudscha zwischen Rumänien und Bulgarien, 1913–1940","hook":"Das Haus bleibt stehen. Warum wechselt das Land?","summary":"Anhand des Hauses von Königin Maria verfolgen wir, wie die Süddobrudscha von Bulgarien an Rumänien und wieder zurück fällt. Haus und Gärten führen zu einem Vertrag, der Grenzen und Menschenleben verändert.","takeaway":"Das Haus der rumänischen Königin liegt schließlich in Bulgarien, weil sich 1940 die Staatsgrenze ändert. Das beantwortet unsere Ausgangsfrage."},"sortYear":1930,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.xx","styleId":"xx","sortOrder":0,"title":"20. Jahrhundert","dateLabel":"1901–2000","eraShort":"20. Jahrhundert","slug":"xx","fill":"#CFC9C4","ink":"#221616","raised":"#D6D1CD","dark":"#64615F"},"epochId":"epoch.xx","placeShort":"Baltschik","date":"1924/1925–1940","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-480.13f7c019.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-960.13f7c019.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-1562.13f7c019.avif","w":1562}],"dominant":"#917b66","h":1377,"w":1562,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-960.13f7c019.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-960.13f7c019.webp","id":"asset.bal.chapel-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. „Stella Maris“ ist eine Kapelle, eine kleine Kirche in der Residenz. Die Aufnahme stammt von 2009. Laut rumänischem Katalog wurde hier 1938–1940 Maries Herz aufbewahrt.","objectCaption":"Kapelle","caption":"„Stella Maris“ ist eine Kapelle, eine kleine Kirche in der Residenz. Die Aufnahme stammt von 2009. Laut rumänischem Katalog wurde hier 1938–1940 Maries Herz aufbewahrt.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balchik_Palace_25.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-self"},"scenes":[{"id":"balchik-palace.s1-maries-house","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Das Haus der Königin","body":"An der steilen Küste bei Baltschik schafft sich die rumänische Königin Maria ein Haus am Meer. Heute ist es als „Stilles Nest“ bekannt. Es ist ihre Residenz: ein Haus, in dem sie wohnt, wenn sie hier ist. Das Archivporträt zeigt sie selbst, keine Bauszene.\n\nDas Haus entsteht, als Baltschik zu Rumänien gehört. Nach Marias Tod 1938 liegt es schließlich in Bulgarien. Das Haus wurde nicht versetzt. Was geschieht mit der Grenze zwischen den beiden Staaten?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-480.8479b940.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-960.8479b940.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-1600.8479b940.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#656565","h":1301,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-960.8479b940.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-960.8479b940.webp","id":"asset.bal.marie-portrait","alt":"Archivporträt von Königin Marie. Die Library of Congress datiert es auf 1918 bis 1928; Baltschik ist als Aufnahmeort nicht belegt.","objectCaption":"Archivporträt von Königin Marie. Die Library of Congress datiert es auf 1918 bis 1928; Baltschik ist als Aufnahmeort nicht belegt.","caption":"Archivporträt von Königin Marie. Die Library of Congress datiert es auf 1918 bis 1928; Baltschik ist als Aufnahmeort nicht belegt.","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"National Foto Company Collection; Standard Eng. Co. (Urheberangabe im Katalog) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons / Library of Congress","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Archival image: National Photo Company Collection; Standard Eng. Co. (catalogue credit), Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Archival image: National Photo Company Collection; Standard Eng. Co. (catalogue credit), Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Marie_of_Romania_Standard_Eng._Co._LCCN2016826694.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-US-expired"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":24.523625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.balchik-palace.balchik-palace.s1-maries-house","duration":24.619,"src":"/audio/de/balchik-palace/s1-maries-house.67e8d7f2.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bal.creation"},{"id":"src.bal.peles"},{"id":"src.bal.loc"},{"id":"src.bal.history"},{"id":"src.bal.treaty"}]},{"id":"balchik-palace.s2-changing-border","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Vor dem Haus: eine Grenze","body":"Die Süddobrudscha ist eine Region zwischen Donau und Schwarzem Meer. Baltschik liegt an ihrer Meeresküste. 1913 tritt Bulgarien nach einem Krieg zwischen ehemaligen Verbündeten die Süddobrudscha an Rumänien ab. Das steht in einem Vertrag, der in Bukarest unterzeichnet wurde. Ein Vertrag ist eine schriftliche Vereinbarung zwischen Staaten.\n\nIm Ersten Weltkrieg wechselt die Herrschaft über die Region erneut. Nach dem Krieg wird die rumänische Herrschaft bestätigt. In den folgenden Jahrzehnten errichtet Maria ihre Residenz. Sie ist rumänische Königin in einer Region, um die Bulgarien und Rumänien streiten.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Standort der Residenz; die Markierung zeigt keine historische Grenze.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bal.palace","name":"Maries Residenz bei Baltschik","latitude":43.40444444,"longitude":28.14694444,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":200,"sourceIds":["src.bal.coord.q3334309"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bal.palace","url":"/de/map/#bal.palace"},{"note":"Stadt, in der Bulgarien und Rumänien am 7. September 1940 den Vertrag unterzeichnen. Die Markierung zeigt weder das genaue Gebäude noch eine Grenze.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bal.craiova","name":"Craiova","latitude":44.333333333333,"longitude":23.816666666667,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":6000,"sourceIds":["src.bal.coord.q168057","src.bal.treaty"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bal.craiova","url":"/de/map/#bal.craiova"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Standort der Residenz; die Markierung zeigt keine historische Grenze.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bal.palace","name":"Maries Residenz bei Baltschik","latitude":43.40444444,"longitude":28.14694444,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":200,"sourceIds":["src.bal.coord.q3334309"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bal.palace","url":"/de/map/#bal.palace","number":1,"x":83.08681,"y":32.13013,"inside":true,"viewX":83.524736,"viewY":41.18875374838711},{"note":"Stadt, in der Bulgarien und Rumänien am 7. September 1940 den Vertrag unterzeichnen. Die Markierung zeigt weder das genaue Gebäude noch eine Grenze.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bal.craiova","name":"Craiova","latitude":44.333333333333,"longitude":23.816666666667,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":6000,"sourceIds":["src.bal.coord.q168057","src.bal.treaty"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bal.craiova","url":"/de/map/#bal.craiova","number":2,"x":28.95833,"y":7.223,"inside":true,"viewX":16.475264000000003,"viewY":9.259420000000002}],"extent":[0,0,1,1],"orientation":[{"name":"Sofia","kind":"town","x":22.774,"y":50.826,"viewX":8.814674580645168,"viewY":65.15565290322583},{"name":"Plowdiw","kind":"town","x":40.566,"y":65.549,"viewX":30.85379716129033,"viewY":84.02958903225807},{"name":"Warna","kind":"town","x":80.184,"y":37.187,"viewX":79.92899716129034,"viewY":47.67133483870968},{"name":"Burgas","kind":"town","x":74.532,"y":55.892,"viewX":72.92781006451612,"viewY":71.64993806451615},{"name":"Russe","kind":"town","x":55.821,"y":20.617,"viewX":49.75031329032259,"viewY":26.42966387096775},{"name":"Weliko Tarnowo","kind":"town","x":51.465,"y":40.853,"viewX":44.35449393548389,"viewY":52.370910322580656},{"name":"Plewen","kind":"town","x":38.834,"y":31.796,"viewX":28.70835200000001,"viewY":40.7604206451613},{"name":"Stara Sagora","kind":"town","x":51.681,"y":57.962,"viewX":44.622055225806456,"viewY":74.30354451612905},{"name":"Schumen","kind":"town","x":67.951,"y":35.671,"viewX":64.77586167741937,"viewY":45.7279206451613},{"name":"Widin","kind":"town","x":17.099,"y":16.308,"viewX":1.7849971612903286,"viewY":20.905803870967745},{"name":"Blagoewgrad","kind":"town","x":19.929,"y":68.531,"viewX":5.290545548387102,"viewY":87.85232064516131},{"name":"Chaskowo","kind":"town","x":50.694,"y":70.78,"viewX":43.39944877419356,"viewY":90.73539354838711},{"name":"Smoljan","kind":"town","x":40.014,"y":80.031,"viewX":30.170029419354854,"viewY":102.59457870967745},{"name":"Sliwen","kind":"town","x":60.286,"y":51.247,"viewX":55.28115200000001,"viewY":65.69534774193549},{"name":"Dobritsch","kind":"town","x":79.091,"y":27.65,"viewX":78.57508748387097,"viewY":35.445516129032264},{"name":"Pernik","kind":"town","x":19.223,"y":53.257,"viewX":4.4160165161290355,"viewY":68.27203806451614},{"name":"Jambol","kind":"town","x":62.544,"y":56.432,"viewX":58.078158451612914,"viewY":72.34218322580647},{"name":"Pasardschik","kind":"town","x":35.42,"y":64.052,"viewX":24.479397161290333,"viewY":82.11053161290324},{"name":"Wraza","kind":"town","x":25.661,"y":37.29,"viewX":12.390829419354846,"viewY":47.8033741935484},{"name":"Gabrowo","kind":"town","x":47.734,"y":46.177,"viewX":39.73286812903227,"viewY":59.19593483870968},{"name":"Kardschali","kind":"town","x":48.471,"y":78.573,"viewX":40.645797161290325,"viewY":100.72551677419357},{"name":"Kjustendil","kind":"town","x":14.889,"y":61.673,"viewX":-0.9525512258064469,"viewY":79.06080709677421},{"name":"Montana","kind":"town","x":21.563,"y":31.916,"viewX":7.314597161290328,"viewY":40.914252903225815},{"name":"Lowetsch","kind":"town","x":40.178,"y":39.23,"viewX":30.37317780645162,"viewY":50.29032903225807},{"name":"Silistra","kind":"town","x":72.008,"y":13.056,"viewX":69.80130683870969,"viewY":16.736949677419354},{"name":"Targowischte","kind":"town","x":63.402,"y":36.202,"viewX":59.140971354838726,"viewY":46.40862838709678},{"name":"Rasgrad","kind":"town","x":62.709,"y":28.698,"viewX":58.28254554838711,"viewY":36.78898451612904},{"name":"Kasanlak","kind":"town","x":48.661,"y":52.884,"viewX":40.88115200000001,"viewY":67.79387612903227},{"name":"Donau","kind":"nature","x":46.384,"y":23.924,"viewX":38.06061006451614,"viewY":30.66902451612904},{"name":"Schwarzes Meer","kind":"nature","x":86.25,"y":45.496,"viewX":87.44301006451613,"viewY":58.322936774193565},{"name":"Balkangebirge","kind":"nature","x":41.25,"y":49.45,"viewX":31.701074580645166,"viewY":63.39170967741937},{"name":"Rila","kind":"nature","x":25.625,"y":65.69,"viewX":12.346235870967744,"viewY":84.21034193548388},{"name":"Pirin","kind":"nature","x":24.125,"y":75.565,"viewX":10.488171354838714,"viewY":96.86945483870969},{"name":"Rhodopen","kind":"nature","x":38.75,"y":79.447,"viewX":28.60430038709678,"viewY":101.84592838709679},{"name":"Strandscha","kind":"nature","x":76.25,"y":67.774,"viewX":75.05591329032258,"viewY":86.88189548387099}],"crop":{"sx":0.8072916666666666,"sy":0.7800704579768494,"x":0.15657986666666662,"y":0},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.885875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.balchik-palace.balchik-palace.s2-changing-border","duration":30.976,"src":"/audio/de/balchik-palace/s2-changing-border.43bd0647.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bal.history"},{"id":"src.bal.treaty"}]},{"id":"balchik-palace.s3-white-villa","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Weiße Wand, Ziegel, Turm","body":"Marias Villa gehört zu den ersten Gebäuden des Ensembles. Ein Ensemble ist eine Gruppe von Gebäuden und Gärten, die als Ganzes entworfen wurden. Das Foto zeigt eine weiße Wand, ein Ziegeldach und einen schmalen runden Turm mit spitzer Spitze. Der Turm ähnelt einem Minarett, wie es zu Moscheen gehört. Hier ist er Teil der Gestaltung des königlichen Hauses.\n\nHaus und Gärten werden in den 1920er- und 1930er-Jahren gebaut. Die Bauarbeiten enden 1936.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-480.b77bd3ff.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-960.b77bd3ff.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-1600.b77bd3ff.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#5e656f","h":1824,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-960.b77bd3ff.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-960.b77bd3ff.webp","id":"asset.bal.house-detail","alt":"Die weiße Villa mit schlankem Rundturm, Ziegeldach und überdachter Terrasse. Aufnahme von 2009; kein Bild vom Bau.","objectCaption":"Die weiße Villa mit schlankem Rundturm, Ziegeldach und überdachter Terrasse. Aufnahme von 2009; kein Bild vom Bau.","caption":"Die weiße Villa mit schlankem Rundturm, Ziegeldach und überdachter Terrasse. Aufnahme von 2009; kein Bild vom Bau.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balchik_Palace_2.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-self"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"hbal-tower","x":0.483,"y":0.288,"title":"Der Rundturm","body":"Der schlanke Turm hat ein spitzes Dach. Der rumänische Katalog nennt ihn ein Minarett; das beschreibt eine Form und belegt nicht, dass das Haus eine Moschee ist.","sourceIds":["src.bal.cimec","src.bal.photo.house-detail"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"hbal-tiles","x":0.602,"y":0.533,"title":"Das Ziegeldach","body":"Auf dem Foto sind Reihen von Dachziegeln zu erkennen. Es zeigt nicht, welche zu Maries Zeit verlegt wurden und welche möglicherweise ersetzt sind.","sourceIds":["src.bal.photo.house-detail","src.bal.authenticity"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"hbal-veranda","x":0.746,"y":0.835,"title":"Die überdachte Terrasse","body":"Die Veranda ist eine überdachte Terrasse vor dem Haus. Holzsäulen tragen ihr Dach. Ihre Einfriedung heißt Geländer. Das Foto stammt von 2009.","sourceIds":["src.bal.photo.house-detail"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":26.032916666666665,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.balchik-palace.balchik-palace.s3-white-villa","duration":26.155,"src":"/audio/de/balchik-palace/s3-white-villa.75a3a597.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bal.creation"},{"id":"src.bal.cimec"},{"id":"src.bal.photo.house-detail"}]},{"id":"balchik-palace.s4-garden-layers","number":4,"kind":"artifact","title":"Ein Garten am Hang","body":"Am Hang bilden Steinmauern Terrassen: relativ ebene Landstreifen auf verschiedenen Höhen. Stufen verbinden die Ebenen. Während die Villa gebaut wird, legt man Gärten an und befestigt den Hang. Alte Wassermühlen werden umgebaut, also Mühlen, die mit Wasser angetrieben werden. Man zieht Jungpflanzen zum Auspflanzen, Obstbäume und Weinreben.\n\nDie Gärten bestehen bereits zu Marias Lebzeiten. 1955 wird hier ein botanischer Universitätsgarten gegründet. Dort erforschen Wissenschaftler Pflanzen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-480.4902172e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-960.4902172e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-1600.4902172e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#62644d","h":1824,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-960.4902172e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-960.4902172e.webp","id":"asset.bal.terraces","alt":"Steinmauern und Stufen am Hang über dem Schwarzen Meer, 2009. Das Foto zeigt die Form der Terrassen, datiert aber weder einzelne Steine noch Pflanzen.","objectCaption":"Steinmauern und Stufen am Hang über dem Schwarzen Meer, 2009. Das Foto zeigt die Form der Terrassen, datiert aber weder einzelne Steine noch Pflanzen.","caption":"Steinmauern und Stufen am Hang über dem Schwarzen Meer, 2009. Das Foto zeigt die Form der Terrassen, datiert aber weder einzelne Steine noch Pflanzen.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. 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Das Foto belegt nicht, wann die einzelnen Elemente aufgestellt wurden.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. 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