{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.banya-bashi-sofia","hasFind":true,"slug":"banya-bashi-sofia","url":"/de/stories/banya-bashi-sofia/","topic":"Banja-Baschi-Moschee","title":"Warmes Wasser neben der Moschee","summary":"Eine Moschee, alte Bäder und benachbarte Gotteshäuser erzählen von verschiedenen Jahrhunderten im Leben Sofias.","cover":{"title":"Warmes Wasser neben der Moschee","subtitle":"Die Banja-Baschi-Moschee und die sich wandelnden Straßen um sie herum","hook":"Warum gibt es warmes Wasser neben der Moschee?","summary":"Eine Moschee, alte Bäder und benachbarte Gotteshäuser erzählen von verschiedenen Jahrhunderten im Leben Sofias.","takeaway":"Die benachbarten Gebäude stammen aus verschiedenen Zeiten und dienen unterschiedlichen Zwecken."},"sortYear":1567,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.ottoman","styleId":"ottoman","sortOrder":2,"title":"Osmanische Zeit","dateLabel":"1396–1878","eraShort":"Osmanische Zeit","slug":"ottoman","fill":"#9A7B66","ink":"#221616","raised":"#A98F7D","dark":"#6D5F55"},"epochId":"epoch.ottoman","placeShort":"Sofia","date":"1566–1567","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-minaret-cutout-461.8ce67bf6.avif","w":461}],"dominant":"#967461","h":1363,"w":461,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-minaret-cutout-461.8ce67bf6.webp","w":461}],"src":"/media/asset-bbs-minaret-cutout-461.8ce67bf6.webp","id":"asset.bbs.minaret-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Der obere Teil des Minaretts: Turm, heller Balkon und spitzes Dach. Der untere Teil liegt außerhalb des Bildes.","objectCaption":"Minarettspitze","caption":"Der obere Teil des Minaretts: Turm, heller Balkon und spitzes Dach. Der untere Teil liegt außerhalb des Bildes.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"© Plamen Agov • studiolemontree.com · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: © Plamen Agov • studiolemontree.com; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"© Plamen Agov • studiolemontree.com; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banya_Bashi_Mosque_Minaret_-_Sofia.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"banya-bashi-sofia.s1-water-and-roofs","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Der Turm und die benachbarten Gotteshäuser","body":"Das Foto zeigt das Minarett der Banja-Baschi-Moschee. Ein Minarett ist der Turm einer Moschee, eines muslimischen Gebetshauses. In der Nähe liegen die Synagoge, in der Juden beten, und die Kirche Sweta Nedelja. Auch die Kathedrale St. Josef steht hier. Eine Kathedrale ist die Hauptkirche eines Bischofs. Ein Bischof leitet die Kirchen in einem Gebiet. Sweta Nedelja ist orthodox, St. Josef katholisch. Orthodoxe und Katholiken sind zwei christliche Gemeinschaften. Zwischen diesen Gebäuden liegen Straßen. Neben dem ehemaligen Zentralbad gibt es warmes Mineralwasser.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-480.f9015967.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-960.f9015967.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-1600.f9015967.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-2400.f9015967.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#7b8186","h":1666,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-960.f9015967.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-960.f9015967.webp","id":"asset.bbs.mosque-wide","alt":"Die Moschee mit Kuppel, Minarett und Mauern aus Stein und Ziegeln, umgeben von modernen Straßen.","objectCaption":"Die Moschee mit Kuppel, Minarett und Mauern aus Stein und Ziegeln, umgeben von modernen Straßen.","caption":"Die Moschee mit Kuppel, Minarett und Mauern aus Stein und Ziegeln, umgeben von modernen Straßen.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Pudelek (Marcin Szala); Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. 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Jahrhundert ist Sofia eine Stadt im Osmanischen Reich. Der Stifter Seyfullah stellt Mittel für die Moschee bereit. Nach Angaben des Großmuftiats, einer muslimischen Religionsinstitution, wurde sie um 1566–1567 gebaut. Auf dem Foto sehen Sie die Kuppel, das Minarett und die Mauern aus Stein und Ziegeln.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-480.f9015967.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-960.f9015967.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-1600.f9015967.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-2400.f9015967.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#7b8186","h":1666,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-960.f9015967.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-wide-960.f9015967.webp","id":"asset.bbs.mosque-wide","alt":"Die Moschee mit Kuppel, Minarett und Mauern aus Stein und Ziegeln, umgeben von modernen Straßen.","objectCaption":"Die Moschee mit Kuppel, Minarett und Mauern aus Stein und Ziegeln, umgeben von modernen Straßen.","caption":"Die Moschee mit Kuppel, Minarett und Mauern aus Stein und Ziegeln, umgeben von modernen Straßen.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Pudelek (Marcin Szala); Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala); Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banya_Bashi_Mosque,_Sofia.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h.bbs.dome","x":0.5,"y":0.46,"title":"Kuppel","body":"Das große gewölbte Dach über dem Gebetssaal. Die Aufnahme zeigt das Gebäude im Jahr 2013.","sourceIds":["src.bbs.mosque","src.bbs.photo.mosque-wide"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.bbs.minaret","x":0.28,"y":0.35,"title":"Minarett","body":"Der schlanke Turm neben der Moschee. Auf der Aufnahme ist ein heller Balkon zu sehen.","sourceIds":["src.bbs.mosque","src.bbs.photo.mosque-wide"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.bbs.masonry","x":0.43,"y":0.64,"title":"Stein und Ziegel","body":"Reihen aus Ziegeln und hellem Stein in der Mauer der Moschee.","sourceIds":["src.bbs.mosque","src.bbs.photo.mosque-wide"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":18.904375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.banya-bashi-sofia.banya-bashi-sofia.s2-brick-and-dome","duration":19.029,"src":"/audio/de/banya-bashi-sofia/s2-brick-and-dome.7afc624d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bbs.mosque"},{"id":"src.bbs.mufti2014"}]},{"id":"banya-bashi-sofia.s3-more-than-one-bath","number":3,"kind":"narrative","title":"Zwei Arten von Bädern","body":"Warmes Wasser ist zum Baden nützlich, doch nicht jedes alte Bad funktioniert auf dieselbe Weise. Ein Hamam ist ein öffentliches Bad mit künstlich erwärmtem Wasser. Ein Mineralbad nutzt Wasser, das warm aus der Erde kommt. Im osmanischen Sofia gibt es mehrere Mineralbäder.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-480.77a8a257.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-960.77a8a257.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-1600.77a8a257.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#b9a998","h":1207,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-960.77a8a257.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bbs-mosque-960.77a8a257.webp","id":"asset.bbs.mosque","alt":"Die Archivaufnahme zeigt die Moschee Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, nicht das heutige Zentralbad.","objectCaption":"Die Archivaufnahme zeigt die Moschee Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, nicht das heutige Zentralbad.","caption":"Die Archivaufnahme zeigt die Moschee Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, nicht das heutige Zentralbad.","kindLabel":"Archiv","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archiv","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter Fotograf · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons / Swedish National Heritage Board","license":"CC0","attribution":"Photo: Unknown photographer; Wikimedia Commons / Swedish National Heritage Board; CC0. Processed image. Archival photograph","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Unknown photographer; Wikimedia Commons / Swedish National Heritage Board; CC0. Processed image. Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banya_Bashi_Mosque_and_minaret,_Sofia,_Bulgaria.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":14.504208333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.banya-bashi-sofia.banya-bashi-sofia.s3-more-than-one-bath","duration":14.635,"src":"/audio/de/banya-bashi-sofia/s3-more-than-one-bath.da0f9335.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bbs.peychev2024"},{"id":"src.bbs.photo.mosque"}]},{"id":"banya-bashi-sofia.s4-neighbours-and-users","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Wer das Wasser nutzt","body":"In Jahrbüchern aus den 1870er-Jahren beschreibt die osmanische Verwaltung Sofias Bäder für die muslimische, christliche und jüdische Bevölkerung. Ein Jahrbuch ist eine Veröffentlichung mit Angaben zu einem bestimmten Jahr. Die Geschichte des Wassers gehört mehr als einer Gemeinschaft. Das bedeutet nicht, dass alle zusammen badeten. Unserer Ansicht nach beweisen die benachbarten Gotteshäuser nicht, dass die Menschen immer einvernehmlich zusammenlebten.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-interior-480.a58a8d4c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-interior-960.a58a8d4c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-interior-1209.a58a8d4c.avif","w":1209}],"dominant":"#76726f","h":1600,"w":1209,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bbs-interior-960.a58a8d4c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bbs-interior-960.a58a8d4c.webp","id":"asset.bbs.interior","alt":"Zusammengesetzte Panoramaaufnahme des Gebetssaals, 2012. Zu sehen sind Kuppel, Fenster und Kronleuchter.","objectCaption":"Zusammengesetzte Panoramaaufnahme des Gebetssaals, 2012. Zu sehen sind Kuppel, Fenster und Kronleuchter.","caption":"Zusammengesetzte Panoramaaufnahme des Gebetssaals, 2012. Zu sehen sind Kuppel, Fenster und Kronleuchter.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Javier Sánchez Portero · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Javier Sánchez Portero; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Javier Sánchez Portero; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. 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Bei der hier verwendeten Unterscheidung wird das Wasser für den Hamam künstlich erwärmt.","correctItemId":"opt-natural","sources":[{"id":"src.bbs.peychev2024"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.463125,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.banya-bashi-sofia.banya-bashi-sofia.a1-water","duration":3.584,"src":"/audio/de/banya-bashi-sofia/a1-water.7e9f84de.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bbs.peychev2024"}]},{"id":"banya-bashi-sofia.s5-different-dates","number":6,"kind":"map","title":"Drei Gebäude, drei Jahreszahlen","body":"Auf der Karte liegen die Gebäude nahe beieinander, doch sie stammen aus verschiedenen Zeiten. Die neue Kirche Sweta Nedelja wurde 1867 geweiht. Die Weihe ist die kirchliche Zeremonie zur Eröffnung eines Gotteshauses. Weitere Umbauten folgten; ihr heutiges Aussehen entspricht daher nicht dem des 16. Jahrhunderts. Die jüdische Gemeinde sammelte Spenden für eine neue Synagoge. Sie wurde 1909 eröffnet. 1913 öffnete das große Zentrale Mineralbad. Es war ein neues öffentliches Bad, kein erhaltenes osmanisches Gebäude.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Heutiger Standort; bezeichnet keine historischen Grenzen.","precision":"exact","id":"place.bbs.mosque","name":"Banja-Baschi-Moschee","latitude":42.699512,"longitude":23.322531,"accuracy":"verified_point","radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.bbs.mosque"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/place/#banya-bashi-mosque","slug":"bbs.mosque","url":"/de/map/#bbs.mosque"},{"note":"Heutiger Standort; bezeichnet keine historischen Grenzen.","precision":"exact","id":"place.bbs.synagogue","name":"Synagoge von Sofia","latitude":42.700261,"longitude":23.320852,"accuracy":"verified_point","radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.bbs.synagogue-location"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/central-synagogue-of-sofia/","slug":"bbs.synagogue","url":"/de/map/#bbs.synagogue"},{"note":"Heutiger Standort; bezeichnet keine historischen 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