{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.belogradchik-fortress","hasFind":true,"slug":"belogradchik-fortress","url":"/de/stories/belogradchik-fortress/","topic":"Festung Belogradtschik","title":"Bauern bei Belogradtschik, 1850","summary":"Eine römische Befestigung, die Mauern Srazimirs und osmanische Portale. 1850 umzingeln Bauern Belogradtschik.","cover":{"title":"Bauern bei Belogradtschik, 1850","subtitle":"Die Festung Belogradtschik von Rom bis zum Bauernaufstand","hook":"Warum erheben sich die Bauern 1850?","summary":"Eine römische Befestigung, die Mauern Srazimirs und osmanische Portale. 1850 umzingeln Bauern Belogradtschik.","takeaway":"Der Streit um das Land dauert nach der Niederschlagung an."},"sortYear":1850,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Wiedergeburt und Befreiung","dateLabel":"18.–19. Jahrhundert","eraShort":"Wiedergeburt","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Belogradtschik","date":"1850","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-cutout-480.8dfbbc42.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-cutout-564.8dfbbc42.avif","w":564}],"dominant":"#8a7562","h":654,"w":564,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-cutout-564.8dfbbc42.webp","w":564}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-cutout-564.8dfbbc42.webp","id":"asset.bel.keystone-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Verzierter Schlussstein – der Stein in der Mitte, der den Bogen schließt. Moderne Aufnahme; Datierung und Bedeutung des Schmucks sind ungeklärt.","objectCaption":"Verzierter Stein","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved keystone: the stone in the middle that closes the arch. Modern photograph; the stone’s date and the meaning of its decoration are not established. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved keystone: the stone in the middle that closes the arch. Modern photograph; the stone’s date and the meaning of its decoration are not established. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik-fortress-keystone.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.s1-gaps","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Mauern zwischen den Felsen","body":"Zwischen den gewaltigen rötlichen Felsen bei Belogradtschik liegen Lücken. Die Erbauer schließen sie mit Mauern. Der Fels wird Teil der Sperre.\n\nDas örtliche Museum datiert die erste kleine Befestigung ins 1.–3. Jahrhundert, in die Zeit des Römischen Reiches. Sie liegt zwischen zwei Pässen durch das Balkangebirge. Ein Pass ist eine Stelle, an der man ein Gebirge überqueren kann. Von der Befestigung aus wird die Umgebung beobachtet.\n\nArchäologen finden Fundamente, Keramik, eiserne Waffenspitzen und römische Münzen. Sie sind Spuren der frühen Nutzung.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-480.165fe39c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-960.165fe39c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-1600.165fe39c.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#87978b","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-960.165fe39c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-960.165fe39c.webp","id":"asset.bel.gaps","alt":"Mauern schließen die Lücken zwischen den Felsen. Moderne Aufnahme nach Umbauten sowie Erhaltungs- und Wiederherstellungsarbeiten.","objectCaption":"Mauern schließen die Lücken zwischen den Felsen. Moderne Aufnahme nach Umbauten sowie Erhaltungs- und Wiederherstellungsarbeiten.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Elena Chochkova · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Walls close gaps between the rocks. Modern photograph after rebuilding and restoration. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Walls close gaps between the rocks. Modern photograph after rebuilding and restoration. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik_Fortress_E3.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.877333333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.belogradchik-fortress.belogradchik-fortress.s1-gaps","duration":28.971,"src":"/audio/de/belogradchik-fortress/s1-gaps.e6dd8f29.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.gaps"}]},{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.s2-sratsimir","number":2,"kind":"narrative","title":"Srazimir fügt Mauern hinzu","body":"Im 14. Jahrhundert regiert Iwan Srazimir von Widin aus. Er erweitert und verstärkt die alte Festung. Laut Museum entstehen damals zwei Sperrmauern. Holzbrücken und Steintreppen helfen den Verteidigern, sich fortzubewegen.\n\nSoldaten, die zum Schutz einer Festung zurückbleiben, nennt man Garnison. Die Befestigung wechselt ihre Herren. Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts erobern die Osmanen sie. Auch sie lassen hier eine Wache zurück.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-480.2e152893.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-960.2e152893.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-1600.2e152893.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#81aaaf","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-960.2e152893.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-960.2e152893.webp","id":"asset.bel.court","alt":"Innenhof und Felsbarriere. Moderne Aufnahme, keine Ansicht aus römischer Zeit.","objectCaption":"Innenhof und Felsbarriere. Moderne Aufnahme, keine Ansicht aus römischer Zeit.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Elena Chochkova · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Courtyard and rock barrier. Modern photograph, not a Roman-period view. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Courtyard and rock barrier. Modern photograph, not a Roman-period view. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik_Fortress_E1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":22.131958333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.belogradchik-fortress.belogradchik-fortress.s2-sratsimir","duration":22.229,"src":"/audio/de/belogradchik-fortress/s2-sratsimir.7847c074.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.court"}]},{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.s3-rebuilt","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Ein Tor für neue Waffen","body":"Von 1805 bis 1837 wird die osmanische Festung grundlegend umgebaut. Laut Museum arbeiten zunächst französische Ingenieure daran. Am Ende kommen italienische Festungsbaumeister hinzu. Es entstehen drei Höfe mit Portalen, also großen Eingängen. Die Tore sind mit Eisenbändern beschlagen.\n\nEs gibt Plätze für Kanonen und Öffnungen, durch die sie feuern. In den unterirdischen Räumen lagern Nahrung und Munition, also Material zum Schießen.\n\nDas Foto zeigt ein steinernes Tor unter den hohen Felsen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-480.e326ea79.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-960.e326ea79.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-1600.e326ea79.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-2400.e326ea79.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#638b98","h":1483,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-960.e326ea79.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-960.e326ea79.webp","id":"asset.bel.portal","alt":"Portal, Mauerwerk und Felsen. Moderne Aufnahme einer umgebauten und wiederhergestellten Festung.","objectCaption":"Portal, Mauerwerk und Felsen. Moderne Aufnahme einer umgebauten und wiederhergestellten Festung.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Yanko Malinov · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Yanko Malinov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Gateway, masonry and rocks. Modern photograph of a rebuilt and restored fortress. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Yanko Malinov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Gateway, masonry and rocks. Modern photograph of a rebuilt and restored fortress. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik_Fortress_Entrance.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-480.ba62475b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-960.ba62475b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-1503.ba62475b.avif","w":1503}],"dominant":"#6f614f","h":2248,"w":1503,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-960.ba62475b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-960.ba62475b.webp","id":"asset.bel.keystone","alt":"Verzierter Schlussstein – der Stein in der Mitte, der den Bogen schließt. Moderne Aufnahme; Datierung und Bedeutung des Schmucks sind ungeklärt.","objectCaption":"Verzierter Stein","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved keystone: the stone in the middle that closes the arch. Modern photograph; the stone’s date and the meaning of its decoration are not established. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved keystone: the stone in the middle that closes the arch. Modern photograph; the stone’s date and the meaning of its decoration are not established. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik-fortress-keystone.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"hp-portal","x":0.545,"y":0.865,"title":"Gemauerter Durchgang","body":"Das Portal besteht aus bearbeiteten Steinen. Das belegt nicht, dass der sichtbare Bogen römisch ist.","sourceIds":["src.bel.museum.fortress","src.bel.photo.portal"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"hp-rock","x":0.718,"y":0.4,"title":"Natürliche Barriere","body":"Das hohe Felsmassiv bildet einen Teil der Barriere. Die Erbauer nutzten das Gelände.","sourceIds":["src.bel.museum.fortress","src.bel.photo.portal"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"hp-wall","x":0.86,"y":0.795,"title":"Fels und Mauerwerk","body":"Die Steinmauer setzt die Barriere fort. Die Festung wurde 1805–1837 umgebaut und später wiederhergestellt.","sourceIds":["src.bel.museum.fortress","src.bel.museum.history","src.bel.photo.portal"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":27.786,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.belogradchik-fortress.belogradchik-fortress.s3-rebuilt","duration":27.904,"src":"/audio/de/belogradchik-fortress/s3-rebuilt.84ba7cf4.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.museum.history"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.portal"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.keystone"}]},{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.a1-wall","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Was schützt die Mauer?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.bel.wall","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Wie nutzen die Erbauer die Felsen?","sourceIds":["src.bel.museum.fortress","src.bel.photo.portal"],"items":[{"id":"o-gaps","label":"Sie schließen die Lücken mit Mauern."},{"id":"o-carve","label":"Sie meißeln die Felsen aus Mauerblöcken.","whyWrong":"Die Felsen sind natürlich, die Mauer besteht aus bearbeiteten Blöcken."},{"id":"o-remove","label":"Sie entfernen die Felsen und bauen auf einer Ebene.","whyWrong":"Die Massive bleiben stehen und werden in die Sperre einbezogen."}],"explanation":"Die natürlichen Felsmassive und die gemauerten Abschnitte bilden zusammen eine Sperre.","correctItemId":"o-gaps","sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.portal"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.2905,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.belogradchik-fortress.belogradchik-fortress.a1-wall","duration":2.389,"src":"/audio/de/belogradchik-fortress/a1-wall.960f4b9c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.portal"}]},{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.s4-land","number":5,"kind":"map","title":"Das Land jenseits der Mauern","body":"1850 bricht in den nordwestlichen bulgarischen Gebieten des Osmanischen Reiches der Aufstand von Belogradtschik aus. Die Karte verbindet Belogradtschik mit Widin. Auch Dörfer aus der Gegend von Lom beteiligen sich.\n\nWas wollen die Bauern? Eine der Ursachen ist wahrscheinlich der Streit um das Land. Der Gospodarlak ist eine Ordnung, in der Grundbesitzer Einkünfte und Arbeit von den Bauern erhalten. Christliche Bauern stoßen auf Hindernisse, wenn sie das von ihnen bearbeitete Land besitzen wollen. Frondienst bedeutet verpflichtende Arbeit für den Grundherrn.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ungefährer heutiger Orientierungspunkt. Er zeigt weder historische Grenzen noch einen Kampfplatz.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bel.fortress","name":"Festung Belogradtschik","latitude":43.62333333,"longitude":22.67722222,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":150,"sourceIds":["src.bel.coords.fortress"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/belogradchik-fortress/","slug":"bel.fortress","url":"/de/map/#bel.fortress"},{"note":"Ungefährer Orientierungspunkt; zeigt keine mittelalterlichen Grenzen.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.vidin","name":"Widin","latitude":43.98869,"longitude":22.874058,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-vidin","src.bel.coords.vidin","src.nik.coords.vidin"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vid.vidin","url":"/de/map/#vid.vidin"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Ungefährer heutiger Orientierungspunkt. 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