{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.botev-1876","hasFind":true,"slug":"botev-1876","url":"/de/stories/botev-1876/","topic":"Christo Botew","title":"Der Dichter und der Dampfer","summary":"Im Mai 1876 zwingen Christo Botew und etwa zweihundert Männer die „Radetzky“, bei Kosloduj anzuhalten. Die Geschichte folgt der Schar vom Schiff bis ins Wraza-Balkangebirge.","cover":{"title":"Der Dichter und der Dampfer","subtitle":"Christo Botew zwischen Zeitung und Koslodujer Ufer","hook":"Warum kapert ein Dichter ein Passagierschiff?","summary":"Im Mai 1876 zwingen Christo Botew und etwa zweihundert Männer die „Radetzky“, bei Kosloduj anzuhalten. Die Geschichte folgt der Schar vom Schiff bis ins Wraza-Balkangebirge.","takeaway":"Wir wissen, wie die Schar Kosloduj erreicht. Beim Schuss, der Botew tötet, unterscheiden wir Zeugenaussagen von Vermutungen."},"sortYear":1876,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Wiedergeburt und Befreiung","dateLabel":"18.–19. Jahrhundert","eraShort":"Wiedergeburt","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Kosloduj","date":"1876","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-480.1b0c8405.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-960.1b0c8405.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-1450.1b0c8405.avif","w":1450}],"dominant":"#e0cebf","h":1992,"w":1450,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-960.1b0c8405.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-960.1b0c8405.webp","id":"asset.bot.resignation-cutout","alt":"Rechteckiger Scan von Botews Rücktritt; Schrift und Archivstempel bleiben erhalten.","objectCaption":"Botews Rücktritt","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876) · Public domain · Bulgarische Nationalbibliothek / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876); National Library of Bulgaria / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Archival image; marks on the original support are retained. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876); National Library of Bulgaria / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Archival image; marks on the original support are retained. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Botev_resignation_BRK_1875.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"botev-1876.s1-passengers","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ungewöhnliche Passagiere","body":"Mai 1876. Die österreichische „Radetzky“ fährt auf der Donau. Sie ist ein Passagierdampfer: ein Schiff, das von einer Dampfmaschine angetrieben wird. In verschiedenen rumänischen Häfen gehen Mitglieder einer bewaffneten Gruppe an Bord. Eine solche Gruppe nannte man damals Tscheta. An ihrer Spitze steht Christo Botew, Dichter und Journalist.\n\nSie wollen den Aprilaufstand unterstützen: einen Aufstand gegen das Osmanische Reich, das damals die bulgarischen Gebiete beherrscht. Die Schar zählt etwa zweihundert Männer. Sie bringen das Schiff in ihre Gewalt und zwingen Kapitän Dagobert Engländer, bei Kosloduj anzuhalten. Die gewaltsame Übernahme kann die Menschen an Bord gefährden.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-480.a1f8a8df.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-1600.a1f8a8df.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#64646d","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.webp","id":"asset.bot.danube","alt":"Ein breiter Fluss, ein Schiff in der Ferne und Ufervegetation auf einem heutigen Foto. Heutige Ansicht, keine Aufnahme der Ereignisse von 1876.","objectCaption":"Ein breiter Fluss, ein Schiff in der Ferne und Ufervegetation auf einem heutigen Foto. Heutige Ansicht, keine Aufnahme der Ereignisse von 1876.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Vislupus; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern view, not a photograph of the events of 1876. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Vislupus; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern view, not a photograph of the events of 1876. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radetzky_022.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":34.659125,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.botev-1876.botev-1876.s1-passengers","duration":34.773,"src":"/audio/de/botev-1876/s1-passengers.e9d2a54d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bot.route"},{"id":"src.bot.radetzky"},{"id":"src.bot.captain-letter"},{"id":"src.bot.members"}]},{"id":"botev-1876.s2-resignation","number":2,"kind":"artifact","title":"Das Rücktrittsschreiben","body":"1871 redigiert Botew die Zeitung „Duma na balgarskite emigranti“, auf Deutsch „Wort der bulgarischen Emigranten“. Emigranten sind Menschen, die außerhalb ihrer Heimat leben.\n\nDieses Blatt enthält Botews Rücktritt aus dem Revolutionskomitee in Bukarest. Das Komitee ist eine Organisation, die einen Aufstand vorbereitet. Am 30. September 1875 teilt Botew mit, dass er das Komitee wegen unterschiedlicher Überzeugungen verlässt. Das Dokument stammt aus dem Vorjahr und ist kein Brief vom Schiff. Wir können den Rücktritt als Zeichen einer schwierigen Entscheidung lesen. Das ist unsere Interpretation.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-480.04061730.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-960.04061730.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-1382.04061730.avif","w":1382}],"dominant":"#e4d4c6","h":1924,"w":1382,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-960.04061730.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-960.04061730.webp","id":"asset.bot.resignation","alt":"Handschriftliches Blatt mit der Überschrift „Rücktritt“, unten Unterschrift und Datum. Archivbild; Spuren am Original sind erhalten.","objectCaption":"Botews Rücktritt","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876) · Public domain · Bulgarische Nationalbibliothek / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876); National Library of Bulgaria / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Archival image; marks on the original support are retained. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876); National Library of Bulgaria / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Archival image; marks on the original support are retained. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Botev_resignation_BRK_1875.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-bot-resignation-title","x":0.43,"y":0.17,"title":"Rücktritt","body":"Die Überschrift lautet „Rücktritt“. Im Text teilt Botew mit, dass er das Komitee verlässt.","sourceIds":["src.bot.inventory1966","src.bot.photo.resignation"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-bot-resignation-signature","x":0.5,"y":0.76,"title":"Unterschrift","body":"Unter dem Text steht die Unterschrift von Christo Botew. Dies ist nicht der Brief an den Kapitän der „Radetzky“.","sourceIds":["src.bot.inventory1966","src.bot.photo.resignation"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-bot-resignation-date","x":0.35,"y":0.83,"title":"Ort und Datum","body":"Die unterste Zeile nennt Bukarest und den 30. September 1875.","sourceIds":["src.bot.inventory1966","src.bot.photo.resignation"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":31.652125,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.botev-1876.botev-1876.s2-resignation","duration":31.744,"src":"/audio/de/botev-1876/s2-resignation.86d5aafc.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bot.mincheva2023"},{"id":"src.bot.inventory1966"},{"id":"src.bot.photo.resignation"}]},{"id":"botev-1876.s3-captain","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Ein Brief an den Kapitän","body":"An Bord gibt es auch einen Brief an den Kapitän und die Passagiere. Er ist auf Französisch verfasst. Darin erklärt Botew das Ziel der Schar. Er bittet die Passagiere, ruhig zu bleiben. Den Kapitän warnt er, dass er bei Widerstand Gewalt anwenden werde. Die höfliche Anrede hebt den Zwang nicht auf. Der Brief selbst ist in der Nationalbibliothek erhalten.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-480.843e7c0e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-960.843e7c0e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-1600.843e7c0e.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-2400.843e7c0e.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#3d595e","h":1602,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-960.843e7c0e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-960.843e7c0e.webp","id":"asset.bot.ship","alt":"Das Museumsschiff am Ufer mit Gangway, Rumpf und Decks. Foto des 1966 nachgebauten Schiffs, nicht des Originals von 1876.","objectCaption":"Das Museumsschiff am Ufer mit Gangway, Rumpf und Decks. Foto des 1966 nachgebauten Schiffs, nicht des Originals von 1876.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Interact-Bulgaria · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Interact-Bulgaria; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Photograph of the vessel reconstructed in 1966, not the original from 1876. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Interact-Bulgaria; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Photograph of the vessel reconstructed in 1966, not the original from 1876. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B9.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":18.219375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.botev-1876.botev-1876.s3-captain","duration":18.347,"src":"/audio/de/botev-1876/s3-captain.596b9ce8.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bot.captain-letter"},{"id":"src.bot.radetzky"},{"id":"src.bot.photo.bow"}]},{"id":"botev-1876.a1-replica","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: zwei verschiedene Schiffe","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.bot.replica","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Was zeigt das Foto der heutigen „Radetzky“?","sourceIds":["src.bot.radetzky"],"items":[{"id":"opt-replica","label":"Ein nachgebautes Schiff von 1966."},{"id":"opt-original","label":"Das im 19. Jahrhundert gebaute Originalschiff.","whyWrong":"Das Foto zeigt das spätere Schiff, nicht das erhaltene Original."},{"id":"opt-warship","label":"Ein von Botew befehligtes Kriegsschiff.","whyWrong":"Die Geschichte nennt einen Passagierdampfer, kein Kriegsschiff."}],"explanation":"Das heutige Schiff wurde 1966 als Nachbau des alten Dampfers gebaut.","correctItemId":"opt-replica","sources":[{"id":"src.bot.radetzky"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.859375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.botev-1876.botev-1876.a1-replica","duration":2.987,"src":"/audio/de/botev-1876/a1-replica.fd5c0457.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bot.radetzky"}]},{"id":"botev-1876.s4-bank-and-balkan","number":5,"kind":"map","title":"Vom Fluss ins Gebirge","body":"Am 17. Mai nach altem Kalender, dem 29. Mai nach neuem Kalender, geht die Schar bei Kosloduj an Land. Es ist derselbe Tag, in zwei Kalendern angegeben. Vor ihr liegt kein Schiffsdeck mehr, sondern der Weg nach Wraza und in die Berge oberhalb der Stadt.\n\nNach der Landung folgt das Gefecht bei Milin Kamak. Die erwartete Unterstützung aus Wraza erreicht die Schar nicht. Später bezieht sie Stellungen im Wraza-Balkangebirge, einem Teil des Balkangebirges.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-480.a1f8a8df.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-1600.a1f8a8df.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#64646d","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.webp","id":"asset.bot.danube","alt":"Ein breiter Fluss, ein Schiff in der Ferne und Ufervegetation auf einem heutigen Foto. Heutige Ansicht, keine Aufnahme der Ereignisse von 1876.","objectCaption":"Ein breiter Fluss, ein Schiff in der Ferne und Ufervegetation auf einem heutigen Foto. Heutige Ansicht, keine Aufnahme der Ereignisse von 1876.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Vislupus; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern view, not a photograph of the events of 1876. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Vislupus; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern view, not a photograph of the events of 1876. 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Heutige Ansicht, keine Aufnahme der Ereignisse von 1876.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Paulinabgbg · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Paulinabgbg; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern view, not a photograph of the events of 1876. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Paulinabgbg; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern view, not a photograph of the events of 1876. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Die heutige Anlegestelle dient zur Orientierung am Ufer. Der genaue Ort der Landung von 1876 wurde hier nicht vermessen.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bot.kozloduy-bank","name":"Donauufer bei Kosloduj, am Museumsschiff „Radetzky“","latitude":43.79861111,"longitude":23.67805556,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":600,"sourceIds":["src.bot.coords-radetzky"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bot.kozloduy-bank","url":"/de/map/#bot.kozloduy-bank"},{"note":"Denkmal für die Schar. Der Standort belegt nicht den Ort von Botews Tod.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bot.okolchitsa","name":"Denkmal auf der Okoltschiza","latitude":43.154167,"longitude":23.583889,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":80,"sourceIds":["src.bot.memory2024"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bot.okolchitsa","url":"/de/map/#bot.okolchitsa"},{"note":"Der Gedenkstein liegt oberhalb von Jolkowiza. Obretenow bezeichnete den Ort 1927. Die Umstände des Todes bleiben umstritten.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bot.yolkovitsa","name":"Gedenkstein oberhalb von Jolkowiza","latitude":43.149444,"longitude":23.568889,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":120,"sourceIds":["src.bot.memory2024"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bot.yolkovitsa","url":"/de/map/#bot.yolkovitsa"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Die heutige Anlegestelle dient zur Orientierung am Ufer. 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