{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.buzludzha","hasFind":true,"slug":"buzludzha","url":"/de/stories/buzludzha/","topic":"Busludscha","title":"Warum baute man eine „fliegende Untertasse“?","summary":"1868 kämpfte hier die Schar von Hadschi Dimitar. 1891 gründeten Sozialisten eine Partei. 1981 eröffnete die regierende kommunistische Partei ein Gedenkhaus. Wie erhält ein Ort unterschiedliche Bedeutungen?","cover":{"title":"Warum baute man eine „fliegende Untertasse“?","subtitle":"Kampf, Parteigründung und Gedenkhaus auf dem Busludscha","hook":"Warum wurde dieses Gebäude gebaut?","summary":"1868 kämpfte hier die Schar von Hadschi Dimitar. 1891 gründeten Sozialisten eine Partei. 1981 eröffnete die regierende kommunistische Partei ein Gedenkhaus. Wie erhält ein Ort unterschiedliche Bedeutungen?","takeaway":"Forschern zufolge kann die Erhaltung des Gebäudes helfen, über die Vergangenheit zu sprechen. Sie verlangt nicht, die Botschaften der damaligen Machthaber zu übernehmen."},"sortYear":1981,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.xx","styleId":"xx","sortOrder":0,"title":"20. Jahrhundert","dateLabel":"1901–2000","eraShort":"20. 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Eine heutige Aufnahme aus Warna, kein Beleg für den Ort des Kampfes.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Spiritia · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Spiritia / Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum exhibit in Varna. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Spiritia / Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum exhibit in Varna. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hadzhi_Dimitar_sabre.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"buzludzha.s1-saucer-question","number":1,"kind":"map","title":"Das runde Gebäude mit dem Stern","body":"Auf dem Busludscha steht ein rundes Gebäude. Daneben ragt ein Turm mit einem Stern auf. Es sieht aus wie eine fliegende Untertasse. 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Eine Idee des Sozialismus ist, dass die Arbeitenden gemeinsam über die Leitung der Fabriken entscheiden. Die Gruppen wollen sich zusammenschließen. Zu den Organisatoren gehört Dimitar Blagoew. Eine Partei ist eine Organisation, die an der Regierung mitwirken will. Das Treffen wird zum Gründungskongress: einer Versammlung, die eine Partei gründet. Sie heißt Bulgarische Sozialdemokratische Partei. Später stellt die Bulgarische Kommunistische Partei diesen Kongress als ihren Ursprung dar.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-buz-blagoev-1924-451.e66f80b6.avif","w":451}],"dominant":"#919191","h":819,"w":451,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-buz-blagoev-1924-451.e66f80b6.webp","w":451}],"src":"/media/asset-buz-blagoev-1924-451.e66f80b6.webp","id":"asset.buz.blagoev-1924","alt":"Porträt von Dimitar Blagoew, veröffentlicht in Molodoy Shakhter am 9. 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Die Halle öffnet 1981 als politisches Museum und Ort für Zeremonien. Dem Erhaltungsplan zufolge dient das Gebäude der Propaganda: Es soll die Menschen davon überzeugen, dass die Machthaber recht haben. Die Mosaiken erzählen jedoch nicht vom gesamten Leben unter kommunistischer Herrschaft. Das Gesetz erkennt an, dass Menschen wegen ihrer politischen Überzeugungen in Lagern eingesperrt wurden. Lager sind Orte der Zwangsinternierung. Das ist Repression: Verfolgung und Bestrafung durch die Machthaber.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-buz-article-1885-480.fa17999a.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-buz-article-1885-960.fa17999a.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-buz-article-1885-1600.fa17999a.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#63573e","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-buz-article-1885-960.fa17999a.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-buz-article-1885-960.fa17999a.webp","id":"asset.buz.article-1885","alt":"Zeitungsseite mit einem Artikel von Dimitar Blagoew aus dem Jahr 1885; kein Dokument des Kongresses von 1891.","objectCaption":"Artikel von 1885","caption":"Zeitungsseite mit einem Artikel von Dimitar Blagoew aus dem Jahr 1885; kein Dokument des Kongresses von 1891.","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Dimitar Blagoev (1856–1924) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Dimitar Blagoev (1856–1924) / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. 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Der Stiftung zum Erhalt des Busludscha zufolge geht das Gebäude Anfang 1992 in staatliches Eigentum über. Die Instandhaltung wird eingestellt. Laut der Stiftung folgen Diebstähle, unter anderem der Kupferdeckung des Daches. Durch das beschädigte Dach dringt Wasser ein und beschädigt die Mosaiken. Forscher bringen den Verfall mit den politischen Veränderungen, mangelnder Pflege und Witterungsschäden in Verbindung.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-buz-landscape-480.8075ff6f.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-buz-landscape-960.8075ff6f.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-buz-landscape-1600.8075ff6f.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#6d7a65","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-buz-landscape-960.8075ff6f.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-buz-landscape-960.8075ff6f.webp","id":"asset.buz.landscape","alt":"Grasbewachsene Hänge und Wälder im Gebiet des Busludscha. Eine heutige Aufnahme, keine Rekonstruktion der Landschaft von 1868.","objectCaption":"Landschaft am Busludscha. Das beschriebene Gebäude und sein Inneres sind nicht zu sehen.","caption":"Landschaft am Busludscha. Das beschriebene Gebäude und sein Inneres sind nicht zu sehen.","kindLabel":"Foto","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Mark Ahsmann · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Mark Ahsmann, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Mountain locality in 2014. Processed image. Site photograph, 2014.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Mark Ahsmann, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Mountain locality in 2014. Processed image. 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Die Sicherung der Mosaiken ist keine vollständige Wiederherstellung des Gebäudes. Den Autoren des Plans zufolge kann seine Erhaltung helfen, über die Vergangenheit zu sprechen. Sie verlangt nicht, die Botschaften der damaligen Machthaber zu übernehmen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-buz-relief-map-480.85002044.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-buz-relief-map-960.85002044.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-buz-relief-map-1600.85002044.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#c3d0a9","h":1010,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-buz-relief-map-960.85002044.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-buz-relief-map-960.85002044.webp","id":"asset.buz.relief-map","alt":"Moderne Reliefkarte Bulgariens von 2010 mit heutigen Grenzen; geografischer Zusammenhang, keine historischen Grenzen oder Ansicht des Gebäudes.","objectCaption":"Moderne Reliefkarte Bulgariens von 2010 mit heutigen Grenzen; geografischer Zusammenhang, keine historischen Grenzen oder Ansicht des Gebäudes.","caption":"Moderne Reliefkarte Bulgariens von 2010 mit heutigen Grenzen; geografischer Zusammenhang, keine historischen Grenzen oder Ansicht des Gebäudes.","kind":"map","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"NordNordWest; Виктор В · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"NordNordWest; Виктор В / Wikimedia Commons. 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