{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.ivan-alexander-gospels","hasFind":true,"slug":"ivan-alexander-gospels","url":"/de/stories/ivan-alexander-gospels/","topic":"Das Tetraevangelium Iwan Alexanders","title":"Der Zar zwischen den Seiten","summary":"Ein Familienporträt, ein namentlich bekannter Schreiber und Besitzspuren in der Moldau und auf dem Athos: Wir betrachten ein Buch aus den Jahren 1355–1356.","cover":{"title":"Der Zar zwischen den Seiten","subtitle":"Das Tetraevangelium Iwan Alexanders","hook":"Was erzählen die Bilder vom Zaren?","summary":"Ein Familienporträt, ein namentlich bekannter Schreiber und Besitzspuren in der Moldau und auf dem Athos: Wir betrachten ein Buch aus den Jahren 1355–1356.","takeaway":"Die Miniaturen lassen sich als Darstellung von Macht und Frömmigkeit lesen; die Besitzspuren erschließen nur Teile der Geschichte des Buches."},"sortYear":1356,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Zweites Bulgarisches Reich","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"II. Bulgar. Reich","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"London","date":"1355–1356","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-cover-cutout-480.f4a95879.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-cover-cutout-960.f4a95879.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-cover-cutout-1314.f4a95879.avif","w":1314}],"dominant":"#83524c","h":1398,"w":1314,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-cover-cutout-960.f4a95879.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tetra-cover-cutout-960.f4a95879.webp","id":"asset.tetra.cover-cutout","alt":"Der rote Einband der Handschrift: ein freigestelltes Fotodetail, nicht der verlorene vergoldete Beschlag.","objectCaption":"Vorderdeckel des Einbands","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Nicht angegeben · CC0 · British Library über Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Der erhaltene Vorderdeckel des Einbands. British Library, Add MS 39627; über Wikimedia Commons, CC0. Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Der erhaltene Vorderdeckel des Einbands. British Library, Add MS 39627; über Wikimedia Commons, CC0. Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt.","lang":"de"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Gospels_of_Tsar_Ivan_Alexander,_with_added_Menologion_-in_Slavonic-_-_Upper_cover_(Add_Ms_39627).jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"},"scenes":[{"id":"ivan-alexander-gospels.s1-london","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ein Buch fern vom Hof","body":"In London wird ein Buch aufbewahrt, das für einen bulgarischen Zaren angefertigt wurde. Wir schlagen es auf und begegnen noch vor dem Evangelientext seiner Familie: Kronen, rote Gewänder, Namen über den Köpfen. Was will dieser Hof uns zeigen?\n\nDie Handschrift entstand 1355–1356 für Iwan Alexander. Wir nennen sie Tetraevangelium, weil sie die vier Evangelien enthält. Heute befindet sie sich in der British Library unter der Signatur Add MS 39627. Es ist derselbe Gegenstand, kein modernes Album mit ausgewählten Bildern. Um das Porträt zu verstehen, müssen wir zunächst betrachten, wie das Buch entstand. Die Antwort beginnt mit einem Namen, den der Schreiber des Textes hinterließ.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-portrait-480.9d438294.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-portrait-948.9d438294.avif","w":948}],"dominant":"#ac855f","h":1354,"w":948,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-portrait-948.9d438294.webp","w":948}],"src":"/media/asset-tetra-portrait-948.9d438294.webp","id":"asset.tetra.portrait","alt":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Links eine Zarin, rechts ein großer Zar und zwei kleinere gekrönte Figuren; darüber rote Inschriften.","objectCaption":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Links eine Zarin, rechts ein großer Zar und zwei kleinere gekrönte Figuren; darüber rote Inschriften.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Anonymer mittelalterlicher Künstler; Urheber der digitalen Reproduktion nicht genannt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Anonymous medieval artist. Ivan Alexander, Theodora and their two sons, f.3r, British Library, Add MS 39627. Digital reproduction from Wikimedia Commons; the original source of the digital copy is not stated. Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Anonymous medieval artist. Ivan Alexander, Theodora and their two sons, f.3r, British Library, Add MS 39627. Digital reproduction from Wikimedia Commons; the original source of the digital copy is not stated. Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":39.674625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ivan-alexander-gospels.ivan-alexander-gospels.s1-london","duration":39.765,"src":"/audio/de/ivan-alexander-gospels/s1-london.76db5d79.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tetra.mckendrick"},{"id":"src.tetra.nomination"}]},{"id":"ivan-alexander-gospels.s2-workshop","number":2,"kind":"narrative","title":"Der Name des Schreibers","body":"Der Schreiber war der Mönch Simeon. Sein Nachwort am Ende des Buches bezeugt dessen Vollendung im Jahr 1356. Er schrieb mit kyrillischen Buchstaben auf Pergament. Die Maler bleiben anonym; wir dürfen den Namen des Schreibers nicht automatisch auch den Miniaturen zuschreiben.\n\nTarnowo, die Hauptstadt des Zaren, ist ein wahrscheinlicher Herstellungsort. Sicher ist das jedoch nicht: Die Forscherin Liljana Jordanowa schlägt aufgrund von Ähnlichkeiten mit Handschriften aus Chilandar auch eine Verbindung zum Athos vor. Deshalb können wir keine bestimmte Werkstatt auf einer Karte markieren. Die Arbeit auf dem Blatt können wir aber sehen: den breiten farbigen Schmuck über dem Beginn des Markusevangeliums und die feinen Zeilen darunter.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-mark-480.a06e00cb.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-mark-960.a06e00cb.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-mark-1182.a06e00cb.avif","w":1182}],"dominant":"#b7a58b","h":1600,"w":1182,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-mark-960.a06e00cb.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tetra-mark-960.a06e00cb.webp","id":"asset.tetra.mark","alt":"Beginn des Markusevangeliums – Blatt 88r; Reproduktion eines mittelalterlichen Blattes mit Text und Miniaturen.","objectCaption":"Beginn des Markusevangeliums – Blatt 88r; Reproduktion eines mittelalterlichen Blattes mit Text und Miniaturen.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"1355–1356 von Mönch Simeon für Zar Iwan Alexander kopiert (reg. 1331–1371) · Public domain · British Library über Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Opening of Mark’s Gospel — f.88r. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Opening of Mark’s Gospel — f.88r. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA-add_ms_39627_f088r.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-john-480.82b24018.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-john-960.82b24018.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-john-1212.82b24018.avif","w":1212}],"dominant":"#b49181","h":1600,"w":1212,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-john-960.82b24018.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tetra-john-960.82b24018.webp","id":"asset.tetra.john","alt":"Titelzier des Johannesevangeliums; Reproduktion eines mittelalterlichen Blattes mit Text und Miniaturen.","objectCaption":"Titelzier des Johannesevangeliums; Reproduktion eines mittelalterlichen Blattes mit Text und Miniaturen.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"aus dem Mittelalter, unbekannt · Public domain · British Library über Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Headpiece of John’s Gospel. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Headpiece of John’s Gospel. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JohnTheEvangelistTetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexander.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":35.750458333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ivan-alexander-gospels.ivan-alexander-gospels.s2-workshop","duration":35.84,"src":"/audio/de/ivan-alexander-gospels/s2-workshop.e1eaa96b.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tetra.nomination"},{"id":"src.tetra.mckendrick"},{"id":"src.tetra.yordanova"}]},{"id":"ivan-alexander-gospels.s3-family","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Die Familie stellt sich vor","body":"Auf dem rechten Blatt des Familienporträts steht Iwan Alexander. Links ist seine zweite Frau Theodora, zwischen ihnen Iwan Schischman und ganz rechts Iwan Asen. Auch die Kinder tragen Kronen und festliche Kleidung.\n\nAuf dem gegenüberliegenden Blatt sehen wir drei Zarentöchter: Kera Thamara, Keraza und Desislawa. Bei ihnen steht der Schwiegersohn Konstantin, der Mann von Kera Thamara. Die Anordnung scheint als feierliche Darstellung der Familie gedacht zu sein. Kronen, Inschriften und angeordnete Figuren erlauben Forschenden, das Bild als Darstellung von Dynastie und Frömmigkeit zu lesen. Das ist eine Deutung der Bildabsicht; die sichtbaren Figuren und Inschriften sind der eigentliche Beleg. Betrachten Sie die Krone aus der Nähe und vergleichen Sie dann die Kleidung der Erwachsenen und der Kinder.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-portrait-480.9d438294.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-portrait-948.9d438294.avif","w":948}],"dominant":"#ac855f","h":1354,"w":948,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-portrait-948.9d438294.webp","w":948}],"src":"/media/asset-tetra-portrait-948.9d438294.webp","id":"asset.tetra.portrait","alt":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Links eine Zarin, rechts ein großer Zar und zwei kleinere gekrönte Figuren; darüber rote Inschriften.","objectCaption":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Links eine Zarin, rechts ein großer Zar und zwei kleinere gekrönte Figuren; darüber rote Inschriften.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Anonymer mittelalterlicher Künstler; Urheber der digitalen Reproduktion nicht genannt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Anonymous medieval artist. Ivan Alexander, Theodora and their two sons, f.3r, British Library, Add MS 39627. Digital reproduction from Wikimedia Commons; the original source of the digital copy is not stated. Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Anonymous medieval artist. Ivan Alexander, Theodora and their two sons, f.3r, British Library, Add MS 39627. Digital reproduction from Wikimedia Commons; the original source of the digital copy is not stated. Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivan_ALexander_and_his_family_Tetraevangelia.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-daughters-480.30df4062.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-daughters-960.30df4062.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-daughters-1600.30df4062.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#a8855a","h":2400,"w":1637,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-daughters-960.30df4062.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tetra-daughters-960.30df4062.webp","id":"asset.tetra.daughters","alt":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Vier Figuren in langen verzierten Gewändern; links Konstantin, gefolgt von Kera Thamara, Keratza und Desislawa.","objectCaption":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Vier Figuren in langen verzierten Gewändern; links Konstantin, gefolgt von Kera Thamara, Keratza und Desislawa.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"aus dem Mittelalter, unbekannt · Public domain · British Library über Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Constantine and the three royal daughters — f.2v. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Constantine and the three royal daughters — f.2v. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexanderFol2.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-tetra-tsar","x":0.64,"y":0.5,"title":"Iwan Alexander","body":"Der Zar ist die große gekrönte Figur rechts der Mitte.","sourceIds":["src.tetra.manuscript","src.tetra.unesco"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-tetra-theodora","x":0.22,"y":0.55,"title":"Theodora","body":"Die zweite Frau des Zaren steht links.","sourceIds":["src.tetra.manuscript","src.tetra.unesco"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-tetra-sons","x":0.46,"y":0.73,"title":"Die beiden Söhne","body":"Iwan Schischman steht zwischen seinen Eltern; Iwan Asen ganz rechts.","sourceIds":["src.tetra.manuscript","src.tetra.unesco"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-tetra-crown","x":0.65,"y":0.31,"title":"Krone und Gewand","body":"Krone und verziertes Gewand sind sichtbare Zeichen der Zarenwürde. Sie als Ausdruck eines Machtanspruchs zu lesen, ist eine Interpretation.","sourceIds":["src.tetra.manuscript","src.tetra.unesco"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":40.39445833333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ivan-alexander-gospels.ivan-alexander-gospels.s3-family.ddd7f312af","sha256":"ddd7f312afc0693ce4d2285cc362d6a9eb1dcc28e7ad6a40d053673158d97f35","duration":40.491,"src":"/assets/narration/de/ivan-alexander-gospels/s3-family.ddd7f312af.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tetra.unesco"},{"id":"src.tetra.manuscript"}]},{"id":"ivan-alexander-gospels.s4-images","number":4,"kind":"artifact","title":"Der Zar erscheint erneut","body":"Nach dem Porträt folgen weitere Bilder. Hunderte Miniaturen unterbrechen die Zeilen mit Szenen aus den Evangelien. Die UNESCO nennt 367, der Bibliotheksführer der AUBG 366; wir geben beide Zahlen wieder, ohne über den Grund der Abweichung zu spekulieren.\n\nDas Blatt mit der Speisung der Menge zeigt zwei Bildstreifen: oben Menschen an Land, unten ein Boot auf dem Wasser. Auf einem anderen Blatt erscheint der Zar erneut, diesmal neben dem Evangelisten Lukas. Er steht links, Lukas hält rechts ein Buch. Dies ist ein religiöses Bild, kein Zeugnis einer tatsächlichen Begegnung. Nach dieser Lesart bekräftigt die Anwesenheit des Zaren im religiösen Bild seine Macht. Eine solche Deutung erklärt, warum ein Evangelienbuch so viel über seinen Auftraggeber erzählen kann.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-luke-480.3d836f26.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-luke-960.3d836f26.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-luke-1600.3d836f26.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#cbb787","h":2200,"w":1608,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-luke-960.3d836f26.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tetra-luke-960.3d836f26.webp","id":"asset.tetra.luke","alt":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Zwei Figuren unter Bögen über zwei Spalten kyrillischen Textes; links der Zar, rechts Lukas mit einem Buch.","objectCaption":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Zwei Figuren unter Bögen über zwei Spalten kyrillischen Textes; links der Zar, rechts Lukas mit einem Buch.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"aus dem Mittelalter, unbekannt · Public domain · British Library über Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Ivan Alexander with Luke the Evangelist — f.212v. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Ivan Alexander with Luke the Evangelist — f.212v. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexanderFol212v.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-feeding-480.dd4f43f6.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-feeding-960.dd4f43f6.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-feeding-1600.dd4f43f6.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#aca478","h":2400,"w":1724,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tetra-feeding-960.dd4f43f6.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tetra-feeding-960.dd4f43f6.webp","id":"asset.tetra.feeding","alt":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Die obere Miniatur zeigt eine Menschenmenge; darunter eine blaue Wasserfläche mit einem Boot und zwei Figuren, umgeben von Text.","objectCaption":"Reproduktion eines Handschriftenblattes. Die obere Miniatur zeigt eine Menschenmenge; darunter eine blaue Wasserfläche mit einem Boot und zwei Figuren, umgeben von Text.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"aus dem Mittelalter, unbekannt · Public domain · British Library über Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Feeding the multitude and walking on water — f.45r. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Feeding the multitude and walking on water — f.45r. British Library, Add MS 39627; via Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TetraevangeliaOfIvanAlexanderFol45.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-tetra-luke-tsar","x":0.37,"y":0.17,"title":"Der Zar","body":"Iwan Alexander steht links in einem roten Gewand.","sourceIds":["src.tetra.manuscript","src.tetra.yordanova"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-tetra-luke","x":0.69,"y":0.17,"title":"Der Evangelist Lukas","body":"Rechts steht Lukas mit einem Buch. Dies ist eine religiöse Darstellung, keine dokumentierte Begegnung.","sourceIds":["src.tetra.manuscript","src.tetra.yordanova"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-tetra-list","x":0.5,"y":0.69,"title":"Der Text geht weiter","body":"Unter der Miniatur steht das Kapitelverzeichnis des Johannesevangeliums.","sourceIds":["src.tetra.manuscript","src.tetra.unesco"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":41.07941666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ivan-alexander-gospels.ivan-alexander-gospels.s4-images","duration":41.173,"src":"/audio/de/ivan-alexander-gospels/s4-images.1eb6830e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tetra.yordanova"},{"id":"src.tetra.unesco"},{"id":"src.tetra.aubg"},{"id":"src.tetra.manuscript"}]},{"id":"ivan-alexander-gospels.a1-who-wrote","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Wer hinterlässt seinen Namen?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.tetra.story-scribe","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Wer schrieb den Text des Buches ab?","sourceIds":["src.tetra.nomination","src.tetra.mckendrick"],"items":[{"id":"opt-simeon","label":"Der Mönch Simeon"},{"id":"opt-tsar","label":"Iwan Alexander","whyWrong":"Der Zar ist der Auftraggeber, nicht der namentlich genannte Schreiber."},{"id":"opt-curzon","label":"Robert Curzon","whyWrong":"Curzon erwarb die bereits vorhandene Handschrift im Jahr 1837."}],"explanation":"Der Name des Schreibers ist bekannt: Simeon. Die Maler bleiben anonym.","correctItemId":"opt-simeon","sources":[{"id":"src.tetra.nomination"},{"id":"src.tetra.mckendrick"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.383375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ivan-alexander-gospels.ivan-alexander-gospels.a1-who-wrote","duration":2.475,"src":"/audio/de/ivan-alexander-gospels/a1-who-wrote.2fd31e72.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tetra.nomination"},{"id":"src.tetra.mckendrick"}]},{"id":"ivan-alexander-gospels.s5-journey","number":6,"kind":"map","title":"Spuren des Besitzes","body":"Die Geschichte des Buches vor seiner Ankunft in London weist Lücken auf. Eine Notiz im Buch berichtet, dass der moldauische Herrscher Iwan Alexander es aus einer Verpfändung auslöste. Laut dem Katalog der British Library könnte der in der Notiz genannte moldauische Herrscher Iwan Alexander Alexander der Gute sein. Das genaue Jahr der Auslösung ist unbekannt. Im 17. Jahrhundert befand sich die Handschrift bereits im Kloster St. Paul auf dem Athos.\n\nDort erwarb sie 1837 der Reisende Robert Curzon. Nach seinem eigenen Bericht schenkte ihm der Abt das Buch. Das ist sein Zeugnis, keine unabhängige Schilderung aller Umstände. Die Karte verbindet Tarnowo, Athos und London als Orientierungspunkte; sie rekonstruiert keine genaue Route. Für den Aufenthalt in der Moldau ist kein konkreter Ort belegt, deshalb setzen wir keine erfundene Station.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Tarnowo war die mittelalterliche Hauptstadt von Zar Iwan Alexander. 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