{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.kaloyan-1205","hasFind":true,"slug":"kaloyan-1205","url":"/de/stories/kaloyan-1205/","topic":"Kalojan","title":"Kalojan und der gefangene Kaiser","summary":"Kalojan erhält von einem päpstlichen Gesandten eine Krone. Monate später nimmt sein Heer Balduin bei Adrianopel gefangen. Briefe und der Bericht eines Gegners zeigen, wie Anerkennung und Krieg zusammengehen.","cover":{"title":"Kalojan und der gefangene Kaiser","subtitle":"Briefe an den Papst, eine Krone und die Schlacht von 1205","hook":"Wie gerät Balduin in Gefangenschaft?","summary":"Kalojan erhält von einem päpstlichen Gesandten eine Krone. Monate später nimmt sein Heer Balduin bei Adrianopel gefangen. Briefe und der Bericht eines Gegners zeigen, wie Anerkennung und Krieg zusammengehen.","takeaway":"Die päpstliche Krone sichert keinen Frieden. Bei Adrianopel endet die Verfolgung der Kumanen mit einer Niederlage und Balduins Gefangennahme."},"sortYear":1205,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Zweites Bulgarisches Reich","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"II. Bulgar. Reich","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Adrianopel","date":"1204–1205","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-cutout-480.9d7b1104.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-cutout-960.9d7b1104.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-cutout-1282.9d7b1104.avif","w":1282}],"dominant":"#473b32","h":1385,"w":1282,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-cutout-960.9d7b1104.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-cutout-960.9d7b1104.webp","id":"asset.kal.innocent-bulla-dublin-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Päpstliches Siegel im National Museum of Ireland. Laut Bildtitel stammt es von Innozenz III. und wurde in Dublin gefunden. Zu sehen sind Paulus und Petrus.","objectCaption":"Päpstliche Bulle","caption":"Laut Bildtitel stammt es von Innozenz III. und wurde in Dublin gefunden. Zu sehen sind Paulus und Petrus.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Sailko · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Sailko / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. The photograph’s title attributes it to Innocent III and says it was found in Dublin. Paul and Peter are visible. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Sailko / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. The photograph’s title attributes it to Innocent III and says it was found in Dublin. Paul and Peter are visible. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sigillo_di_papa_innocenzo_III,_da_high_street,_dublino,_1198-1216_ca.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"kaloyan-1205.s1-emperor","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Der Kaiser kehrt nicht zurück","body":"Im April 1205 gerät Kaiser Balduin I. bei Adrianopel in Gefangenschaft. Sein Sieger ist der bulgarische Zar Kalojan. Ein Jahr zuvor hat Balduins Heer Konstantinopel erobert, die Hauptstadt von Byzanz, dem Oströmischen Reich. Danach wird er zum Kaiser gewählt. Der Staat der Eroberer ist als Lateinisches Kaiserreich bekannt.\n\nDiese Eroberer sind Kreuzfahrer: Krieger auf einem Feldzug, der im Namen des christlichen Glaubens ausgerufen wurde. Hier aber haben sie eine andere christliche Stadt angegriffen. Nun verlieren sie ihren Herrscher in einer Schlacht gegen einen ebenfalls christlichen Herrscher.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-miniature-480.fb49281d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-miniature-960.fb49281d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-miniature-1600.fb49281d.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7d847e","h":996,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-miniature-960.fb49281d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-miniature-960.fb49281d.webp","id":"asset.kal.constantinople-miniature","alt":"Die Eroberung Konstantinopels in einer späteren Miniatur. Künstlerische Darstellung aus dem 15. Jahrhundert, Loyset Liédet zugeschrieben, BnF Arsenal Ms 5090, Blatt 205r. Keine Darstellung eines Augenzeugen von 1204.","objectCaption":"Künstlerische Darstellung aus dem 15. Jahrhundert, Loyset Liédet zugeschrieben, BnF Arsenal Ms 5090, Blatt 205r. Keine Darstellung eines Augenzeugen von 1204.","caption":"Künstlerische Darstellung aus dem 15. Jahrhundert, Loyset Liédet zugeschrieben, BnF Arsenal Ms 5090, Blatt 205r. Keine Darstellung eines Augenzeugen von 1204.","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Loyset Liédet; Reproduktion über Wikimedia Commons · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Loyset Liédet; reproduction via Wikimedia Commons / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. An artistic depiction from the fifteenth century attributed to Loyset Liédet, BnF Arsenal Ms 5090, folio 205r. Not an eyewitness image from 1204. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Loyset Liédet; reproduction via Wikimedia Commons / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. An artistic depiction from the fifteenth century attributed to Loyset Liédet, BnF Arsenal Ms 5090, folio 205r. Not an eyewitness image from 1204. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ConquestOfConstantinopleByTheCrusadersIn1204.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-walls-480.d73a5fbc.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-walls-960.d73a5fbc.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-walls-1600.d73a5fbc.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#a0a499","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-walls-960.d73a5fbc.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-walls-960.d73a5fbc.webp","id":"asset.kal.constantinople-walls","alt":"Die Landmauern von Konstantinopel. Heutige Aufnahme in Istanbul mit erhaltenem und restauriertem Mauerwerk. Sie zeigt nicht die Stelle des Durchbruchs von 1204.","objectCaption":"Heutige Aufnahme in Istanbul mit erhaltenem und restauriertem Mauerwerk. Sie zeigt nicht die Stelle des Durchbruchs von 1204.","caption":"Heutige Aufnahme in Istanbul mit erhaltenem und restauriertem Mauerwerk. Sie zeigt nicht die Stelle des Durchbruchs von 1204.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Johann H. Addicks (-jha-) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Johann H. Addicks (-jha-) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. A present-day photograph in Istanbul with surviving and restored masonry. It does not identify the point of entry in 1204. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Johann H. Addicks (-jha-) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. A present-day photograph in Istanbul with surviving and restored masonry. It does not identify the point of entry in 1204. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodosianische_Landmauer_in_Istanbul.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":31.18775,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.kaloyan-1205.kaloyan-1205.s1-emperor","duration":31.317,"src":"/audio/de/kaloyan-1205/s1-emperor.7ee8b309.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.kal.nikolov2021"},{"id":"src.kal.curta2006"},{"id":"src.kal.villehardouin"},{"id":"src.kal.commons.constantinople-miniature"},{"id":"src.kal.commons.constantinople-walls"}]},{"id":"kaloyan-1205.s2-crown","number":2,"kind":"narrative","title":"Leo krönt Kalojan","body":"Kalojan will, dass andere Herrscher seine Macht anerkennen. Er schreibt an Innozenz III., den Papst, das Oberhaupt der römischen Kirche. Die Verhandlungen führen zu einer Union: Die bulgarische Kirche erkennt den Vorrang des Papstes an. Aus Rom kommt die Anerkennung des Herrschers.\n\nAm 8. November 1204 setzt Leo Kalojan in Tarnowo eine Krone auf. Leo ist Kardinal, ein hoher Geistlicher und Gesandter des Papstes. Er überreicht ihm auch ein Zepter, einen Stab als Zeichen der Macht. Der Papst schickt außerdem eine Fahne mit Kreuz und Schlüsseln.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-fresco-480.e4f98e1b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-fresco-960.e4f98e1b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-fresco-1295.e4f98e1b.avif","w":1295}],"dominant":"#84756a","h":1600,"w":1295,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-fresco-960.e4f98e1b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-fresco-960.e4f98e1b.webp","id":"asset.kal.innocent-fresco","alt":"Innozenz III. auf einem Fresko des 13. Jahrhunderts in Subiaco. Künstlerische Darstellung, entstanden nach Kalojans Zeit. Der Maler ist unbekannt; Carlo Raso ist der Fotograf.","objectCaption":"Künstlerische Darstellung, entstanden nach Kalojans Zeit. Der Maler ist unbekannt; Carlo Raso ist der Fotograf.","caption":"Künstlerische Darstellung, entstanden nach Kalojans Zeit. Der Maler ist unbekannt; Carlo Raso ist der Fotograf.","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Carlo Raso; mittelalterlicher Maler unbekannt · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Carlo Raso; medieval painter unknown / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. An artistic likeness made after Kaloyan’s time. The painter is Unknown; Carlo Raso is the photographer. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Carlo Raso; medieval painter unknown / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. An artistic likeness made after Kaloyan’s time. The painter is Unknown; Carlo Raso is the photographer. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pope_Innocent_III_(Monastery_of_Subiaco).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-tsarevets-panorama-480.3ac86492.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-tsarevets-panorama-960.3ac86492.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-tsarevets-panorama-1600.3ac86492.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#929e97","h":456,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-tsarevets-panorama-960.3ac86492.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kal-tsarevets-panorama-960.3ac86492.webp","id":"asset.kal.tsarevets-panorama","alt":"Zarewez: Überreste und Rekonstruktionen. Heutige Gesamtansicht des befestigten Hügels in Tarnowo. Die rekonstruierten Gebäude bilden keine unversehrte mittelalterliche Hauptstadt.","objectCaption":"Heutige Gesamtansicht des befestigten Hügels in Tarnowo. Die rekonstruierten Gebäude bilden keine unversehrte mittelalterliche Hauptstadt.","caption":"Heutige Gesamtansicht des befestigten Hügels in Tarnowo. Die rekonstruierten Gebäude bilden keine unversehrte mittelalterliche Hauptstadt.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com (Infobgv) · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com (Infobgv) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. A present-day overview of the fortified hill at Tarnovo. The reconstructed buildings are not an intact medieval capital. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com (Infobgv) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. A present-day overview of the fortified hill at Tarnovo. The reconstructed buildings are not an intact medieval capital. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets-Panorama.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.459375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.kaloyan-1205.kaloyan-1205.s2-crown","duration":28.587,"src":"/audio/de/kaloyan-1205/s2-crown.a9691a6a.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.kal.letters"},{"id":"src.kal.dallaglio2019"},{"id":"src.kal.nikolov2021"},{"id":"src.kal.commons.innocent-fresco"},{"id":"src.kal.commons.tsarevets-panorama"}]},{"id":"kaloyan-1205.s3-seal","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Das Siegel des Papstes","body":"Woran erkennt ein Empfänger ein Dokument des Papstes? Ein Zeichen ist das Metallsiegel. Das Foto zeigt beide Seiten eines Bleisiegels von Innozenz III. Links steht sein Name. Rechts sind die abgenutzten Gesichter zweier Apostel zu sehen, früher Anhänger Jesu. Solche Siegel beglaubigen päpstliche Dokumente.\n\nDieser Gegenstand wurde in England gefunden. Es ist nicht bekannt, dass er an einem Brief an Kalojan befestigt war. Laut der Beschreibung des Fotografen stammt das zweite Siegel aus Dublin. Ihre Ähnlichkeit hilft, die Art des Gegenstands zu erkennen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-york-480.1be5401d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-york-960.1be5401d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-york-1600.1be5401d.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-york-2400.1be5401d.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#aba49d","h":1372,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-york-960.1be5401d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-york-960.1be5401d.webp","id":"asset.kal.innocent-bulla-york","alt":"Bleisiegel Innozenz’ III.: zwei Seiten. Fund aus England. Das Siegel stammt nicht aus einem nachgewiesenen Brief an Kalojan.","objectCaption":"Fund aus England. Das Siegel stammt nicht aus einem nachgewiesenen Brief an Kalojan.","caption":"Fund aus England. Das Siegel stammt nicht aus einem nachgewiesenen Brief an Kalojan.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Rebecca Griffiths / York Museums Trust · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Rebecca Griffiths / York Museums Trust / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. An English find. This is not a seal from a documented letter to Kaloyan. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Rebecca Griffiths / York Museums Trust / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. An English find. This is not a seal from a documented letter to Kaloyan. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medieval_,_Papal_bulla_of_Pope_Innocent_III_(FindID_891636).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-480.9453827c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-960.9453827c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-1590.9453827c.avif","w":1590}],"dominant":"#6e645c","h":1626,"w":1590,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-960.9453827c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-bulla-dublin-960.9453827c.webp","id":"asset.kal.innocent-bulla-dublin","alt":"Päpstliches Siegel im National Museum of Ireland. Laut Bildtitel stammt es von Innozenz III. und wurde in Dublin gefunden. Zu sehen sind Paulus und Petrus.","objectCaption":"Päpstliche Bulle","caption":"Laut Bildtitel stammt es von Innozenz III. und wurde in Dublin gefunden. Zu sehen sind Paulus und Petrus.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Sailko · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Sailko / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. The photograph’s title attributes it to Innocent III and says it was found in Dublin. Paul and Peter are visible. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Sailko / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. The photograph’s title attributes it to Innocent III and says it was found in Dublin. Paul and Peter are visible. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sigillo_di_papa_innocenzo_III,_da_high_street,_dublino,_1198-1216_ca.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-bulla-name","x":0.27,"y":0.43,"title":"Der Name des Papstes","body":"Links ist die Seite mit dem Namen Innozenz und der Zahl drei zu sehen. Der Katalog liest die Inschrift als INNOCENTIVS PP III.","sourceIds":["src.kal.commons.innocent-bulla-york"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-bulla-saints","x":0.73,"y":0.43,"title":"Zwei Apostel","body":"Rechts sind die stark abgeriebenen Gesichter der Apostel Paulus und Petrus zu sehen. Apostel waren frühe Anhänger Jesu. Die Figuren helfen, das päpstliche Siegel zu erkennen.","sourceIds":["src.kal.commons.innocent-bulla-york"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-bulla-hole","x":0.598,"y":0.39,"title":"Durchbohrtes Metall","body":"Dieselbe Durchbohrung ist auf beiden Seiten zu sehen. Der Katalog vermerkt sie, stellt aber nicht fest, wann und warum sie entstand. Sie belegt nicht, wie ein bestimmter Brief befestigt wurde.","sourceIds":["src.kal.commons.innocent-bulla-york"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.412958333333332,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.kaloyan-1205.kaloyan-1205.s3-seal","duration":28.501,"src":"/audio/de/kaloyan-1205/s3-seal.7bf7397c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.kal.commons.innocent-bulla-york"},{"id":"src.kal.commons.innocent-bulla-dublin"},{"id":"src.kal.letters"}]},{"id":"kaloyan-1205.a1-union","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Was bedeutet die Union?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.kal.union","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Was erkennt die bulgarische Kirche in diesem Bericht durch die Union an?","sourceIds":["src.kal.letters","src.kal.nikolov2021"],"items":[{"id":"opt-pope","label":"Den Vorrang des Papstes."},{"id":"opt-baldwin","label":"Balduin als bulgarischen Herrscher.","whyWrong":"Der päpstliche Gesandte krönt Kalojan. Balduin regiert das Lateinische Kaiserreich."},{"id":"opt-peace","label":"Ein Friedensvertrag, der den Krieg beendet.","whyWrong":"Nach der Krönung folgt die Schlacht bei Adrianopel."}],"explanation":"Die Union ist eine kirchliche Verbindung, die die päpstliche Autorität anerkennt. Sie bringt Kalojan Anerkennung, garantiert aber keinen Frieden.","correctItemId":"opt-pope","sources":[{"id":"src.kal.letters"},{"id":"src.kal.nikolov2021"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.7997916666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.kaloyan-1205.kaloyan-1205.a1-union","duration":3.925,"src":"/audio/de/kaloyan-1205/a1-union.52373f26.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.kal.letters"},{"id":"src.kal.nikolov2021"}]},{"id":"kaloyan-1205.s4-siege","number":5,"kind":"map","title":"Fahnen über der belagerten Stadt","body":"Sieh dir Adrianopel zwischen Tarnowo und Konstantinopel an. Im Frühjahr 1205 erheben sich griechische Bewohner der Region Thrakien gegen die lateinischen Eroberer. Einige von ihnen suchen Hilfe bei Kalojan. So berichtet es einer der lateinischen Heerführer.\n\nBalduin belagert Adrianopel. Dem Chronisten, dem Verfasser dieses Berichts, zufolge wehen auf den Mauern bereits Kalojans Fahnen. Im Lager der Belagerer fehlt es an Nahrung. Kalojan kommt der Stadt zu Hilfe.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-adrianople-walls-480.82ddfe08.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-adrianople-walls-960.82ddfe08.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kal-adrianople-walls-1600.82ddfe08.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#52564e","h":1065,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kal-adrianople-walls-960.82ddfe08.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kal-adrianople-walls-960.82ddfe08.webp","id":"asset.kal.adrianople-walls","alt":"Reste der Befestigungen von Adrianopel. Heutige Aufnahme von Mauern und dem Sockel des Makedonischen Turms in Adrianopel, dem heutigen Edirne. Die einzelnen Mauern werden hier nicht auf die Belagerung von 1205 datiert.","objectCaption":"Heutige Aufnahme von Mauern und dem Sockel des Makedonischen Turms in Adrianopel, dem heutigen Edirne. Die einzelnen Mauern werden hier nicht auf die Belagerung von 1205 datiert.","caption":"Heutige Aufnahme von Mauern und dem Sockel des Makedonischen Turms in Adrianopel, dem heutigen Edirne. Die einzelnen Mauern werden hier nicht auf die Belagerung von 1205 datiert.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Dosseman · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Dosseman / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. A present-day photograph of walls and the base of the Macedonian Tower at Adrianople, now Edirne. 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Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ConquestOfConstantinopleByTheCrusadersIn1204.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"}},{"id":"asset.kal.constantinople-walls","src":"/media/asset-kal-constantinople-walls-960.d73a5fbc.webp","alt":"Die Landmauern von Konstantinopel. Heutige Aufnahme in Istanbul mit erhaltenem und restauriertem Mauerwerk. Sie zeigt nicht die Stelle des Durchbruchs von 1204.","w":1600,"h":1200,"caption":"Heutige Aufnahme in Istanbul mit erhaltenem und restauriertem Mauerwerk. Sie zeigt nicht die Stelle des Durchbruchs von 1204.","credit":"Johann H. Addicks (-jha-) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Johann H. Addicks (-jha-) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. A present-day photograph in Istanbul with surviving and restored masonry. It does not identify the point of entry in 1204. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Johann H. Addicks (-jha-) / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. A present-day photograph in Istanbul with surviving and restored masonry. It does not identify the point of entry in 1204. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodosianische_Landmauer_in_Istanbul.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"}},{"id":"asset.kal.innocent-fresco","src":"/media/asset-kal-innocent-fresco-960.e4f98e1b.webp","alt":"Innozenz III. auf einem Fresko des 13. Jahrhunderts in Subiaco. Künstlerische Darstellung, entstanden nach Kalojans Zeit. Der Maler ist unbekannt; Carlo Raso ist der Fotograf.","w":1295,"h":1600,"caption":"Künstlerische Darstellung, entstanden nach Kalojans Zeit. 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Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edirne_Roman_Walls_and_Macedonian_Tower_0210.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"}},{"id":"asset.kal.baldwin-tower","src":"/media/asset-kal-baldwin-tower-960.a5febeb4.webp","alt":"Der rekonstruierte Balduinturm. Eine heutige Aufnahme eines rekonstruierten Turms auf dem Zarewez. Die Überlieferung verbindet ihn mit Balduin; die Aufnahme belegt nicht den Ort seiner Gefangenschaft.","w":1063,"h":1600,"caption":"Heutige Aufnahme eines rekonstruierten Turms auf dem Zarewez. Die Überlieferung verbindet ihn mit Balduin; die Aufnahme belegt nicht den Ort seiner Gefangenschaft.","credit":"Андрей Романенко · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Андрей Романенко / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. A present-day photograph of a reconstructed tower at Tsarevets. Tradition links it to Baldwin; the photograph does not prove the location of his prison. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Андрей Романенко / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. A present-day photograph of a reconstructed tower at Tsarevets. Tradition links it to Baldwin; the photograph does not prove the location of his prison. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baldwin_Tower,_view_from_below_01.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"}},{"id":"map-relief","src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","thumb":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","alt":"Geografischer Kontext ohne historische Grenzen","w":3072,"h":1987,"caption":"","kindLabel":"Geografischer Kontext ohne historische Grenzen","visibleKind":"Geografischer Kontext ohne historische Grenzen","credit":"Tom Patterson · Nathaniel Vaughn Kelso · Gemeinfrei · Natural Earth","license":"Gemeinfrei","attribution":"Tom Patterson · Nathaniel Vaughn Kelso","attributionParts":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-raster-data/10m-gray-earth/","licenseUrl":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"}}],"places":[{"note":"In den Quellen heißt die Stadt auch Adrianopel; heute ist sie Edirne in der Türkei. 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