{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.kazanlak-tomb","hasFind":true,"slug":"kazanlak-tomb","url":"/de/stories/kazanlak-tomb/","topic":"Grab von Kasanlak","title":"Die Hände unter der Kuppel","summary":"Bei einem militärischen Aushub kommt der Eingang zu einem thrakischen Grab zum Vorschein. Betrachten Sie das Paar, die Prozession und das Rennen darüber und unterscheiden Sie das antike Original von der modernen Kopie.","cover":{"title":"Die Hände unter der Kuppel","subtitle":"Das Grab von Kasanlak","hook":"Wessen Hände berühren sich im Bild?","summary":"Bei einem militärischen Aushub kommt der Eingang zu einem thrakischen Grab zum Vorschein. Betrachten Sie das Paar, die Prozession und das Rennen darüber und unterscheiden Sie das antike Original von der modernen Kopie.","takeaway":"Das Sichtbare auf dem Wandbild ist der Ausgangspunkt; seine Bedeutung erfordert Deutung und Belege."},"sortYear":-300,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.antiquity","styleId":"antiquity","sortOrder":6,"title":"Antike: Thraker, Griechen, Römer","dateLabel":"1. Jt. v. Chr. – 6. Jh. n. Chr.","eraShort":"Antike","slug":"antiquity","fill":"#D4CBBE","ink":"#221616","raised":"#DAD3C8","dark":"#6B6862"},"epochId":"epoch.antiquity","placeShort":"Kasanlak","date":"4.–3. Jh. v. Chr.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-cutout-480.02e7401c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-cutout-960.02e7401c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-cutout-1349.02e7401c.avif","w":1349}],"dominant":"#67503a","h":1843,"w":1349,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-cutout-960.02e7401c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-cutout-960.02e7401c.webp","id":"asset.kazan.jug-cutout","alt":"Eine kleine Kanne in einer Museumsausstellung, aus dem Foto freigestellt. Ihre Zugehörigkeit zum Grab ist unbestätigt.","objectCaption":"Silberne Kanne","caption":"Silberkanne mit vergoldeter Verzierung, Museumsausstellung","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"SashaCoachman · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: SashaCoachman; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"SashaCoachman; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jug.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"kazanlak-tomb.s1-shelter","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Schutz im Krieg","body":"19. April 1944. In Kasanlak graben Soldaten einen Luftschutzraum. Statt einer gewöhnlichen Grube finden sie den Eingang zu einem Grab. Dahinter liegen ein schmaler Gang und ein runder Raum mit bemalter Kuppel. Auf der Kuppel sind Bilder von Menschen, Pferden und Streitwagen erhalten, die vor mehr als zwei Jahrtausenden gemalt wurden.\n\nEs ist jedoch keine unversehrte Bestattung. Das Grab wurde schon in der Antike geplündert. Wir können nicht behaupten, dass es all die Jahrhunderte niemand betreten hat. Die Soldaten entdecken erhaltene Malerei, keine versiegelte Schatzkammer. Um zu verstehen, was sie sehen, folgen wir dem Weg vom Eingang zur Kuppel.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-entrance-480.e33ed68b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-entrance-960.e33ed68b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-entrance-1600.e33ed68b.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#5f6e63","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-entrance-960.e33ed68b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kazan-entrance-960.e33ed68b.webp","id":"asset.kazan.entrance","alt":"Eingang zur Nachbildung, heutige Aufnahme","objectCaption":"Eingang zur Nachbildung, heutige Aufnahme","caption":"Eingang zur Nachbildung, heutige Aufnahme","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Galileo01 · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Galileo01; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 4.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Galileo01; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY 4.0. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kazanlak_thomb_replica_entrance.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.708625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.kazanlak-tomb.kazanlak-tomb.s1-shelter","duration":32.811,"src":"/audio/de/kazanlak-tomb/s1-shelter.1a4aef51.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.kazan.museum"},{"id":"src.kazan.municipality2014"}]},{"id":"kazanlak-tomb.s2-tyulbeto","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Ein Grabhügel im Stadtpark","body":"Heute liegt die Stätte im Park Tjulbeto in Kasanlak. Die UNESCO bringt sie mit einer großen thrakischen Nekropole nahe Seuthopolis in Verbindung, der Hauptstadt von Seuthes III. Das gibt einen Anhaltspunkt zur Umgebung, ist aber kein Beweis dafür, wer hier bestattet wurde.\n\nDie Quellen datieren das Grab unterschiedlich. Die UNESCO nennt ungefähr das Ende des 4. Jahrhunderts v. Chr., das Museum Iskra die erste Hälfte des 3. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Der gemeinsame Rahmen ist das hellenistische Thrakien. Die Karte zeigt den heutigen Standort des Grabes. Antike Staatsgrenzen sind nicht eingezeichnet. Der nächste Schritt führt nach innen: durch einen Gang, eine rechteckige Vorkammer und dann in eine runde Grabkammer.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Die antiken Fresken und die moderne Kopie sind unterschiedliche Arten von Belegen.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.kazan.tomb","name":"Thrakisches Grabmal von Kasanlak, 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Hände im Zentrum","body":"Im Zentrum der großen Szene sitzen ein Mann mit Kranz und eine Frau mit Schleier. Ihre Hände treffen sich. Eine stehende Frau mit einem Tablett tritt auf sie zu. Das Museum deutet die Komposition als Totenmahl und das Paar als einen vornehmen Verstorbenen und seine Frau. Das ist eine Deutung der Bilder, keine Inschrift mit ihren Namen.\n\nAchten Sie auf die unterschiedlichen Sitzgelegenheiten: Der Mann liegt auf einer niedrigen Liege, die Frau sitzt auf einem hohen Stuhl. Der Maler hat die zentrale Gruppe hervorgehoben, sie aber nicht allein gelassen. Von den Seiten nähern sich weitere Figuren. Die Geste der Hände ist sichtbar; was sie für die Auftraggeber des Bildes genau bedeutete, sollten wir nicht für sie entscheiden.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-garland-480.955861fa.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-garland-960.955861fa.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-garland-1600.955861fa.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-garland-2400.955861fa.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#5d513e","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-garland-960.955861fa.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kazan-garland-960.955861fa.webp","id":"asset.kazan.garland","alt":"Tönerne Kranzteile, Museumsausstellung","objectCaption":"Tönerne Kranzteile, Museumsausstellung","caption":"Tönerne Kranzteile, Museumsausstellung","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"SashaCoachman · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: SashaCoachman; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. 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Sie gehören zur großen Komposition um das Mahl. Weiter oben wartet eine andere Szene mit Pferden.\n\nIn der Vorkammer sind bewaffnete Fußsoldaten und Reiter gemalt. Laut Museumsbeschreibung könnten die Szenen Ereignisse aus dem Leben des Verstorbenen oder Gedenkspiele zu seinen Ehren zeigen. Die Forscherin Rumjana Georgiewa mahnt auch bei der Kleidung zur Vorsicht: Die gemalten Gewänder müssen nicht genau dem entsprechen, was tatsächlich getragen wurde. Das Bild wählt aus, wie es Menschen darstellt; es ist keine Fotografie einer Zeremonie.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-480.1a8af6a7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-960.1a8af6a7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-1600.1a8af6a7.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#665844","h":2400,"w":1800,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-960.1a8af6a7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kazan-jug-960.1a8af6a7.webp","id":"asset.kazan.jug","alt":"Silberkanne mit vergoldeter Verzierung, Museumsausstellung","objectCaption":"Silberne Kanne","caption":"Silberkanne mit vergoldeter Verzierung, Museumsausstellung","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"SashaCoachman · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: SashaCoachman; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. 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Das Totenmahl ist eine Deutung des Museums.","correctItemId":"opt-feast","sources":[{"id":"src.kazan.museum"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.033541666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.kazanlak-tomb.kazanlak-tomb.a1-reading","duration":3.157,"src":"/audio/de/kazanlak-tomb/a1-reading.739b0cfe.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.kazan.museum"}]},{"id":"kazanlak-tomb.s5-race","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"Ein Rennen über dem Mahl","body":"Blicken Sie zur Spitze der Kuppel. Dort ist ein Wagenrennen gemalt. Jeder Wagen wird von zwei Pferden gezogen. Ein solcher Zweispänner heißt Biga. Georgiewa beschreibt drei junge Wagenlenker in langen Gewändern. Dies ist ein eigener Fries, keine Fortsetzung der Reihe mit den geführten Pferden darunter.\n\nUnter der großen Szene wechseln sich Rosetten und Bukranien ab, dekorative Darstellungen von Rinderköpfen. Die Archäologin Daniela Stojanowa bemerkt Unterschiede zwischen den gemalten Hörnern und Augenhöhlen. Diese Details sind Teil des Schmucks, keine Tierreste. Die Kuppel vereint verschiedene Bilder; aus ihrer bloßen Anwesenheit lässt sich kein genauer Ablauf einer historischen Bestattung rekonstruieren.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-display-480.a7224425.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-display-960.a7224425.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-display-1600.a7224425.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#514e40","h":1824,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-kazan-display-960.a7224425.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-kazan-display-960.a7224425.webp","id":"asset.kazan.display","alt":"Gefäße und Fragmente in der Ausstellung am Grab","objectCaption":"Gefäße und Fragmente in der Ausstellung am Grab","caption":"Gefäße und Fragmente in der Ausstellung am Grab","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora; Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. 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