{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.melnik","hasFind":true,"slug":"melnik","url":"/de/stories/melnik/","topic":"Melnik","title":"Melnik: Mauern, Sand und Wein","summary":"Ein Despot regierte von Melnik aus. Später führten Händler laut einer Tourismusbroschüre Wein aus. Eine Mauer, ein Fass und sandige Hänge helfen, Belegtes von Vermutetem zu unterscheiden.","cover":{"title":"Melnik: Mauern, Sand und Wein","subtitle":"Von Slaws Hauptstadt zu den Weinfässern","hook":"Was erzählt ein Fass aus Melnik?","summary":"Ein Despot regierte von Melnik aus. Später führten Händler laut einer Tourismusbroschüre Wein aus. Eine Mauer, ein Fass und sandige Hänge helfen, Belegtes von Vermutetem zu unterscheiden.","takeaway":"Melnik bewahrt Spuren aus verschiedenen Jahrhunderten. Nicht jede alte Mauer stammt aus Slaws Zeit, und die Sandpyramiden sind natürliche Formen."},"sortYear":1215,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Hauptzeitraum: Zweites Bulgarisches Reich","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"Hauptzeitraum: II. Bulgar. Reich","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Melnik","date":"13.–19. Jh.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-480.3c4b7766.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-1600.3c4b7766.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-2400.3c4b7766.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#725e51","h":1905,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.facade-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Erhaltene Fassade des Bojarenhauses: steinerner Unterbau, Ziegelschmuck und Fensteröffnungen.","objectCaption":"Bojarenmauer","caption":"","kindLabel":"Foto","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Cut-out detail; background removed. Site today","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Cut-out detail; background removed. 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Wie brachten sie den Wein ans Ziel?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-480.9b4356b7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-960.9b4356b7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-1200.9b4356b7.avif","w":1200}],"dominant":"#4a3d31","h":1600,"w":1200,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-960.9b4356b7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-960.9b4356b7.webp","id":"asset.mel.kordopulov.barrel","alt":"Ein großes Holzfass im Kordopulow-Haus, teilweise von einer Stütze verdeckt; davor stehen Besucher.","objectCaption":"Ein großes Holzfass im Kordopulow-Haus, teilweise von einer Stütze verdeckt; davor stehen Besucher.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Foto","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Vislupus, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. 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Melnik wurde nicht zur Hauptstadt des gesamten Bulgarischen Reiches. Slaw trug den Titel Despot, einen hohen Herrscherrang.\n\nÜber der Stadt liegt eine hohe, ebene Fläche, das Sankt-Nikolaus-Plateau. Dort haben Archäologen einen befestigten Wohnsitz der Herrscher untersucht.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-480.523f1b8d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-1600.523f1b8d.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#68665a","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.overview","alt":"Blick von oben auf die Reste des Bojarenhauses und die heutige Stadt.","objectCaption":"Blick von oben auf die Reste des Bojarenhauses und die heutige Stadt.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Foto","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. 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Sehen Sie sich die Mauer an: unten Steine, oben Ziegelmuster, dazwischen Fensteröffnungen. Der Name sagt uns nicht, wer die einzelnen Teile gebaut hat.\n\nEiner archäologischen Deutung zufolge könnte der ältere Turm Slaws Wohnsitz gewesen sein. Das Haus wurde später angebaut. Über das Alter des Gebäudes gibt es unterschiedliche Ansichten. Das Foto allein beweist nicht, wann die einzelnen Teile gebaut wurden.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-480.cb019e5d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-1600.cb019e5d.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-2400.cb019e5d.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#89898e","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.facade","alt":"Erhaltene Fassade des Bojarenhauses: steinerner Unterbau, Ziegelschmuck und Fensteröffnungen.","objectCaption":"Bojarenmauer","caption":"","kindLabel":"Foto","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. 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Der sichtbare Schmuck allein belegt nicht, wer es errichtete.","sourceIds":["src.mel.photo.bolyar-facade","src.mel.nesheva2009"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-window","x":0.535,"y":0.35,"title":"Fensteröffnung","body":"In der erhaltenen Fassade ist eine Öffnung mit Ziegelbogen zu sehen. Wir sehen die heutigen Reste, keinen rekonstruierten Raum.","sourceIds":["src.mel.photo.bolyar-facade","src.mel.nesheva2009"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":27.635083333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.melnik.melnik.s3-bolyar","duration":27.733,"src":"/audio/de/melnik/s3-bolyar.e249b936.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2009"},{"id":"src.mel.dermendzhiev2020"}]},{"id":"melnik.a1-title","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Was ist ein Despot?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.mel.title","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Was bedeutet „Despot“ für Slaw in dieser Geschichte?","sourceIds":["src.mel.nesheva2008"],"items":[{"id":"opt-rank","label":"Ein hoher Herrscherrang."},{"id":"opt-wine","label":"Ein Weinhändler.","whyWrong":"Der Handel gehört zum späteren Teil der Geschichte; Despot ist ein Titel."},{"id":"opt-monk","label":"Ein Mönch, der Ikonen malt.","whyWrong":"Slaw regiert ein Herrschaftsgebiet; dies ist kein Klosteramt."}],"explanation":"Es ist der hohe Titel des Herrschers.","correctItemId":"opt-rank","sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2008"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.033541666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.melnik.melnik.a1-title","duration":3.157,"src":"/audio/de/melnik/a1-title.356d6126.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2008"}]},{"id":"melnik.s4-landscape","number":5,"kind":"map","title":"Das Wasser formt die Pyramiden","body":"Rund um Melnik erheben sich Sandpyramiden. Kein Herrscher hat sie gebaut. Fluss- und Regenwasser tragen Teilchen aus dem brüchigen Gestein ab. Sandstein ist ein Gestein aus Sandkörnern. So formt das Wasser die steilen Hänge. Kleine neue Pyramiden entstehen weiterhin.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-480.3835e19e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-1600.3835e19e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#394140","h":1071,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.webp","id":"asset.mel.pyramids.karlanovo","alt":"Helle, durch Erosion geformte Spitzen bei Karlanowo, mit Bewuchs an ihrem Fuß.","objectCaption":"Helle, durch Erosion geformte Spitzen bei Karlanowo, mit Bewuchs an ihrem Fuß.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Foto","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Dreamsdestroyer · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Dreamsdestroyer, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. 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