{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.nikopol-1396","hasFind":true,"slug":"nikopol-1396","url":"/de/stories/nikopol-1396/","topic":"Nikopol","title":"Warum endet der Kreuzzug bei Nikopolis?","summary":"Sigismund sammelt Verbündete gegen das osmanische Vordringen. Entlang der Donau gelangt das Heer nach Widin und Nikopolis. Ein Helm aus jener Zeit und der Bericht eines Gefangenen führen durch die Ereignisse.","cover":{"title":"Warum endet der Kreuzzug bei Nikopolis?","subtitle":"Sigismund, Bayezid und die Schlacht von 1396","hook":"Warum verlieren die Verbündeten bei Nikopolis?","summary":"Sigismund sammelt Verbündete gegen das osmanische Vordringen. Entlang der Donau gelangt das Heer nach Widin und Nikopolis. Ein Helm aus jener Zeit und der Bericht eines Gefangenen führen durch die Ereignisse.","takeaway":"Der Streit vor dem Angriff zeigt aus unserer Sicht, wie schwer es den Verbündeten fällt, gemeinsam zu handeln. Die Niederlage festigt die osmanische Herrschaft, doch das Schicksal aller bulgarischen Gebiete lässt sich nicht auf ein einziges Datum reduzieren."},"sortYear":1396,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Zweites Bulgarisches Reich","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"II. Bulgar. Reich","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Nikopol","date":"1396","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-480.d422969e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-960.d422969e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-1205.d422969e.avif","w":1205}],"dominant":"#605650","h":1881,"w":1205,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-960.d422969e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-960.d422969e.webp","id":"asset.nik.helmet-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Spitzer Stahlhelm mit Gesichtsöffnung und kleinen Löchern auf der Oberfläche.","objectCaption":"Helm","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter italienischer Meister; Foto: Metropolitan Museum of Art. · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Unknown Italian armourer; photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. An original period helmet found at Chalcis on Euboea in 1840; not a Nicopolis find. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown Italian armourer; photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. An original period helmet found at Chalcis on Euboea in 1840; not a Nicopolis find. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bascinet_MET_DP-12880-041x.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"},"scenes":[{"id":"nikopol-1396.s1-allies","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Sigismund sammelt Verbündete","body":"1396 sammelt der ungarische König Sigismund ein Heer gegen die Osmanen, die Untertanen des Sultans. Sultan ist der Titel ihres Herrschers. Französische Ritter treffen ein. Ein Ritter ist ein Krieger aus dem Adel, einer Gruppe von Menschen mit besonderen Rechten. Er wird gewöhnlich für den Kampf zu Pferd ausgebildet. Johann von Nevers führt Kämpfer aus Burgund, einem Herrschaftsgebiet in Westeuropa. Nicht alle sind Ritter. Es ist ein Kreuzzug: ein vom Papst unterstützter Krieg für eine christliche Sache. Die Teilnehmer verfolgen jedoch unterschiedliche Ziele.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-sigismund-480.af78c3a8.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-sigismund-960.af78c3a8.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-sigismund-1067.af78c3a8.avif","w":1067}],"dominant":"#503316","h":1600,"w":1067,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-sigismund-960.af78c3a8.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-sigismund-960.af78c3a8.webp","id":"asset.nik.sigismund","alt":"Gemaltes Porträt des bärtigen Sigismund mit Pelzmütze.","objectCaption":"Gemaltes Porträt des bärtigen Sigismund mit Pelzmütze.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Zeichnung","kind":"artwork","visibleKind":"Zeichnung","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter Künstler; früher zugeschrieben an Pisanello. 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Fifteenth-century painted portrait, photographed by Vassil.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kunsthistorisches_Museum_Emperor_Sigismund_23062013_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-bayezid-480.f374fb5e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-bayezid-960.f374fb5e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-bayezid-1217.f374fb5e.avif","w":1217}],"dominant":"#b9ad9a","h":1600,"w":1217,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-bayezid-960.f374fb5e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-bayezid-960.f374fb5e.webp","id":"asset.nik.bayezid","alt":"Porträtstich Bayezids I. mit Turban.","objectCaption":"Porträtstich Bayezids I. mit Turban.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Aliprando Caprioli; Digitalisierung: Biblioteca comunale di Trento. · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Aliprando Caprioli; digitisation: Biblioteca comunale di Trento. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. A later artistic likeness, about 1596–1600, not a portrait from life in 1396. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Aliprando Caprioli; digitisation: Biblioteca comunale di Trento. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. A later artistic likeness, about 1596–1600, not a portrait from life in 1396. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bayezid_I,_sultano.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.504291666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.nikopol-1396.nikopol-1396.s1-allies","duration":29.611,"src":"/audio/de/nikopol-1396/s1-allies.a0e47a9c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.nik.celik2023"},{"id":"src.nik.schiltberger1879"},{"id":"src.nik.met.knights"},{"id":"src.nik.image.sigismund"},{"id":"src.nik.image.bayezid"}]},{"id":"nikopol-1396.s2-danube-towns","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Von Widin ins belagerte Nikopolis","body":"Auf dem Weg des Heeres liegt Widin vor Nikopolis. Dort herrscht der bulgarische Zar Iwan Srazimir. Vor dem Feldzug erkennt er die Oberherrschaft des osmanischen Herrschers an. Nun unterstützt er Sigismund. Nach Widin erreicht das Heer Nikopolis und belagert die Stadt. Eine Belagerung bedeutet, eine Festung einzuschließen und sie zur Aufgabe zu zwingen. Die Angreifer operieren zu Land und zu Wasser. Tage vergehen, doch die Stadt fällt nicht. Sultan Bayezid I. kommt mit seinem Heer zu Hilfe.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-480.7604fd0d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-960.7604fd0d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-1600.7604fd0d.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#a3aaa9","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-960.7604fd0d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-960.7604fd0d.webp","id":"asset.nik.danube","alt":"Verschneites Donauufer mit einem Boot bei Nikopol.","objectCaption":"Verschneites Donauufer mit einem Boot bei Nikopol.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Foto: Preslav; Übertragung nach Commons: Dionysos1~commonswiki. · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Preslav (English Wikipedia uploader credited in Commons description); Commons transfer: Dionysos1~commonswiki. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. A modern photograph of the river, not a view of the battlefield in 1396. The boat is modern. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Preslav (English Wikipedia uploader credited in Commons description); Commons transfer: Dionysos1~commonswiki. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. A modern photograph of the river, not a view of the battlefield in 1396. The boat is modern. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nikopol-danube.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-vidin-480.60f75dfe.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-vidin-960.60f75dfe.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-vidin-1600.60f75dfe.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#91806f","h":1063,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-vidin-960.60f75dfe.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-vidin-960.60f75dfe.webp","id":"asset.nik.vidin","alt":"Die Festung Baba Vida mit Steintürmen und einer Brücke zum Eingang.","objectCaption":"Die Festung Baba Vida mit Steintürmen und einer Brücke zum Eingang.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Foto: Klearchos Kapoutsis. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Klearchos Kapoutsis. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. A modern photograph of the fortress. It does not establish which visible masonry dates from Sratsimir’s time, is later, or has been restored. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. A modern photograph of the fortress. It does not establish which visible masonry dates from Sratsimir’s time, is later, or has been restored. 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Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. A modern photograph of a gate and masonry, with a person outside. It does not prove this gate existed in 1396. The masonry’s date and restorations have not been established here. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Preslav. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. A modern photograph of a gate and masonry, with a person outside. It does not prove this gate existed in 1396. The masonry’s date and restorations have not been established here. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nikopolfortressgate.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Buda dient zur geografischen Orientierung; ein Lager ist dort nicht nachgewiesen.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.nik.buda","name":"Buda","latitude":47.466666666667,"longitude":19.05,"radiusMeters":8000,"sourceIds":["src.nik.coords.buda"],"accuracy":"approximate","guideUrl":null,"slug":"nik.buda","url":"/de/map/#nik.buda"},{"note":"Ungefährer Orientierungspunkt; zeigt keine mittelalterlichen Grenzen.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.vidin","name":"Widin","latitude":43.98869,"longitude":22.874058,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-vidin","src.bel.coords.vidin","src.nik.coords.vidin"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vid.vidin","url":"/de/map/#vid.vidin"},{"note":"Ungefähre Markierung der Stadt; nicht der genaue Ort der 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Dieser Typ heißt Beckenhaube. Das Museum datiert ihn auf etwa 1375–1400, in die Zeit des Feldzugs. Das Stück stammt aus Italien. Die spitze Haube und die Gesichtsöffnung sind gut zu erkennen. Auf der Oberfläche sieht man kleine Löcher. Der Helm wurde nicht bei Nikopolis gefunden. Er wurde 1840 in der Festung Chalkis auf der Insel Euböa im heutigen Griechenland entdeckt. Dort fand man auch weitere Rüstungen, die Schutzkleidung der Krieger. Wir wissen nicht, wer ihn trug.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-480.40c32881.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-960.40c32881.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-1600.40c32881.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#999998","h":2400,"w":1903,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-960.40c32881.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-960.40c32881.webp","id":"asset.nik.helmet","alt":"Spitzer Stahlhelm mit Gesichtsöffnung und kleinen Löchern auf der Oberfläche.","objectCaption":"Helm","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter italienischer Meister; Foto: Metropolitan Museum of Art. · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Unknown Italian armourer; photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. An original period helmet found at Chalcis on Euboea in 1840; not a Nicopolis find. 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Das Museum datiert ihn auf etwa 1375–1400.","sourceIds":["src.nik.met.bascinet","src.nik.image.helmet"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-helmet-face","x":0.31,"y":0.66,"title":"Gesichtsöffnung","body":"In seinem gezeigten Zustand lässt die Öffnung des Helms das Gesicht frei.","sourceIds":["src.nik.image.helmet"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-helmet-holes","x":0.56,"y":0.53,"title":"Kleine Löcher","body":"Im Stahl befinden sich kleine Löcher. Ihre jeweilige Ursache ist hier nicht geklärt.","sourceIds":["src.nik.image.helmet"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":27.913708333333332,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.nikopol-1396.nikopol-1396.s3-helmet","duration":28.032,"src":"/audio/de/nikopol-1396/s3-helmet.09a490de.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.nik.met.bascinet"},{"id":"src.nik.image.helmet"}]},{"id":"nikopol-1396.s4-battle","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Johann besteht darauf, zuerst anzugreifen","body":"Im September 1396 treffen die Heere bei Nikopolis aufeinander. Laut Schiltberger besteht Johann von Nevers darauf, dass seine Kämpfer zuerst angreifen. Der König möchte die Ungarn beginnen lassen, die bereits gegen die Osmanen gekämpft haben. In diesem Bericht durchbrechen die ersten Angreifer die vorderen Truppen, werden dann aber eingeschlossen. Sigismund kämpft mit den verbliebenen Kräften weiter. Auf Bayezids Seite kämpft auch der serbische Herrscher Stefan Lazarević. Er ist ein Vasall: Er erkennt einen mächtigeren Herrscher an und schuldet ihm Dienste. Bayezids Heer siegt.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-480.40c32881.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-960.40c32881.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-1600.40c32881.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#999998","h":2400,"w":1903,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-960.40c32881.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-960.40c32881.webp","id":"asset.nik.helmet","alt":"Spitzer Stahlhelm mit Gesichtsöffnung und kleinen Löchern auf der Oberfläche.","objectCaption":"Helm","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter italienischer Meister; Foto: Metropolitan Museum of Art. · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Unknown Italian armourer; photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. An original period helmet found at Chalcis on Euboea in 1840; not a Nicopolis find. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown Italian armourer; photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. An original period helmet found at Chalcis on Euboea in 1840; not a Nicopolis find. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bascinet_MET_DP-12880-041x.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-battle-miniature-480.1b887476.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-battle-miniature-960.1b887476.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-battle-miniature-1097.1b887476.avif","w":1097}],"dominant":"#7d7478","h":1600,"w":1097,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-battle-miniature-960.1b887476.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-battle-miniature-960.1b887476.webp","id":"asset.nik.battle-miniature","alt":"Miniatur mit bewaffneten Reitern, Geschützen und befestigten Gebäuden.","objectCaption":"Miniatur mit bewaffneten Reitern, Geschützen und befestigten Gebäuden.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter osmanischer Künstler; Scan: Szilas, nach Géza Fehér, Török miniatúrák (Будапеща: Corvina, 1978). · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unidentified Ottoman artist; scan: Szilas, from Géza Fehér, Török miniatúrák (Budapest: Corvina, 1978). 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Ein Christ kämpft auf der Seite des Sultans. Daraus können wir schließen, dass die Religion allein die Bündnisse nicht erklärt.","correctItemId":"opt-stefan","sources":[{"id":"src.nik.celik2023"},{"id":"src.nik.schiltberger1879"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.4530416666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.nikopol-1396.nikopol-1396.a1-alliance","duration":2.56,"src":"/audio/de/nikopol-1396/a1-alliance.0ca8bc0f.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.nik.celik2023"},{"id":"src.nik.schiltberger1879"}]},{"id":"nikopol-1396.s5-witness","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"Der Gefangene, der berichtet","body":"Johann Schiltberger gerät in Gefangenschaft. Nach seiner Rückkehr 1427 erzählt er von seinen Erlebnissen. Das gezeigte Blatt ist der Anfang einer späteren handschriftlichen Abschrift. Eine Abschrift ist ein von Hand kopierter Text. Es ist kein auf dem Schlachtfeld geführtes Notizbuch. Der Bericht eines Teilnehmers ist wichtig, doch nicht jede Einzelheit darin ist genau. Wir kennen die genaue Zahl der Kämpfer nicht.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-schiltberger-480.1f6bd018.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-schiltberger-960.1f6bd018.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-schiltberger-1159.1f6bd018.avif","w":1159}],"dominant":"#9f9d8d","h":1631,"w":1159,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-schiltberger-960.1f6bd018.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-schiltberger-960.1f6bd018.webp","id":"asset.nik.schiltberger","alt":"Handschriftliches Blatt mit großer roter Initiale und Zeilen dunkler Schrift.","objectCaption":"Handschriftliches Blatt mit großer roter Initiale und Zeilen dunkler Schrift.","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter Schreiber; Text: Johann Schiltberger; Digitalisierung: Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg; beschnittene Fassung aus Commons. · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Anonymous scribe; text: Johann Schiltberger; digitisation: Heidelberg University Library; crop as credited on Commons. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cod. Pal. germ. 216, folio 1r, Heidelberg University Library. A later manuscript copy, not a battlefield notebook. Cropped version from Commons. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Anonymous scribe; text: Johann Schiltberger; digitisation: Heidelberg University Library; crop as credited on Commons. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cod. Pal. germ. 216, folio 1r, Heidelberg University Library. A later manuscript copy, not a battlefield notebook. Cropped version from Commons. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cod._Pal._germ._216_Schiltberger_Heidelberger_Handschrift_1r_cropped.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-witness-initial","x":0.15,"y":0.12,"title":"Initiale","body":"Der große rote Buchstabe markiert den Beginn des Berichts in dieser Abschrift. Eine Handschrift ist ein von Hand abgeschriebenes Buch.","sourceIds":["src.nik.image.schiltberger"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-witness-name","x":0.48,"y":0.07,"title":"Der Name des Erzählers","body":"In der ersten Zeile steht der Name Johann Schiltberger.","sourceIds":["src.nik.image.schiltberger","src.nik.schiltberger1879"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":20.355625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.nikopol-1396.nikopol-1396.s5-witness","duration":20.48,"src":"/audio/de/nikopol-1396/s5-witness.5ba4d0e5.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.nik.schiltberger1879"},{"id":"src.nik.barany2015"},{"id":"src.nik.image.schiltberger"}]},{"id":"nikopol-1396.a2-sequence","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Was geschah früher?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.nik.sequence","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Ordne die Ereignisse nach dem Bericht.","sourceIds":["src.nik.schiltberger1879"],"items":[{"id":"ev-vidin","label":"Das Heer erreicht Widin"},{"id":"ev-siege","label":"Die Kreuzfahrer belagern Nikopolis"},{"id":"ev-battle","label":"Bayezids Heer siegt bei Nikopolis"},{"id":"ev-return","label":"Schiltbergers Rückkehr"}],"explanation":"Widin liegt auf dem Weg des Heeres vor Nikopolis. Die Belagerung ist bereits im Gang, als Bayezid eintrifft. Schiltberger wird in der Schlacht gefangen genommen und kehrt Jahre später zurück.","correctOrderIds":["ev-vidin","ev-siege","ev-battle","ev-return"],"sources":[{"id":"src.nik.schiltberger1879"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.511083333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.nikopol-1396.nikopol-1396.a2-sequence","duration":2.603,"src":"/audio/de/nikopol-1396/a2-sequence.cd9fbca2.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.nik.schiltberger1879"}]},{"id":"nikopol-1396.s6-consequences","number":8,"kind":"narrative","title":"Sigismund entkommt auf einem Schiff","body":"Sigismund entkommt auf einem Schiff. Für viele andere endet der Rückzug mit Tod oder Gefangenschaft. Ein Teil der Gefangenen wird getötet. Andere werden versklavt: Sie verlieren ihre Freiheit und können verkauft werden. Für die Freilassung mancher Adliger wird Geld verlangt, das man Lösegeld nennt. Auch Iwan Srazimir gerät in Gefangenschaft. In welchem Jahr, ist nicht sicher.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-480.7604fd0d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-960.7604fd0d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-1600.7604fd0d.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#a3aaa9","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-960.7604fd0d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-danube-960.7604fd0d.webp","id":"asset.nik.danube","alt":"Verschneites Donauufer mit einem Boot bei Nikopol.","objectCaption":"Verschneites Donauufer mit einem Boot bei Nikopol.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Foto: Preslav; Übertragung nach Commons: Dionysos1~commonswiki. · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Preslav (English Wikipedia uploader credited in Commons description); Commons transfer: Dionysos1~commonswiki. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. A modern photograph of the river, not a view of the battlefield in 1396. The boat is modern. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Preslav (English Wikipedia uploader credited in Commons description); Commons transfer: Dionysos1~commonswiki. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. A modern photograph of the river, not a view of the battlefield in 1396. The boat is modern. 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