{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.perperikon","hasFind":true,"slug":"perperikon","url":"/de/stories/perperikon/","topic":"Perperikon","title":"Eine Stadt aus dem Hügel","summary":"Räume im Fels, Wasser in einer tiefen Vertiefung und eine umstrittene Hypothese. Ein Blick auf Perperikon von der Antike bis ins Mittelalter und auf die Ausgrabungen seit 2000.","cover":{"title":"Eine Stadt aus dem Hügel","subtitle":"Perperikon: Fels, Stadt und ein umstrittenes Orakel","hook":"Wie baut man eine Stadt aus Fels?","summary":"Räume im Fels, Wasser in einer tiefen Vertiefung und eine umstrittene Hypothese. Ein Blick auf Perperikon von der Antike bis ins Mittelalter und auf die Ausgrabungen seit 2000.","takeaway":"Sichtbare Überreste und ihre Deutungen sind unterschiedliche Arten von Wissen."},"sortYear":46,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.antiquity","styleId":"antiquity","sortOrder":6,"title":"Hauptzeitraum: Antike: Thraker, Griechen, Römer","dateLabel":"1. Jt. v. Chr. – 6. Jh. n. Chr.","eraShort":"Hauptzeitraum: Antike","slug":"antiquity","fill":"#D4CBBE","ink":"#221616","raised":"#DAD3C8","dark":"#6B6862"},"epochId":"epoch.antiquity","placeShort":"Perperikon","date":"Antike–Mittelalter","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-cutout-480.26124ce5.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-cutout-825.26124ce5.avif","w":825}],"dominant":"#4f483f","h":769,"w":825,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-cutout-825.26124ce5.webp","w":825}],"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-cutout-825.26124ce5.webp","id":"asset.perp.08-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Steinscheibe mit zwei Öffnungen an der archäologischen Stätte Perperikon.","objectCaption":"Steinscheibe","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeological_complex_of_Perperikon_08.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"perperikon.s1-rock-city","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ein Raum im Fels","body":"Das Foto zeigt aus dem Fels geschlagene Räume. In Perperikon bearbeiteten Menschen den Hügel selbst. Sie schlugen Räume, Straßen und Höfe aus dem Fels. Über den unteren Geschossen aus Fels errichteten sie Mauern und Balken. Heute sehen die Ruinen wie Häuser aus, deren obere Hälfte abgetragen wurde.\n\nVerschiedene Generationen veränderten den Hügel. Folge dem Rand eines Raumes. Wo endet der Fels und wo beginnt das Mauerwerk?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-01-480.e7510926.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-01-960.e7510926.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-01-1600.e7510926.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#636d6e","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-01-960.e7510926.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-perp-01-960.e7510926.webp","id":"asset.perp.01","alt":"Mauern zwischen den Felsen der archäologischen Stätte Perperikon.","objectCaption":"Mauern zwischen den Felsen der archäologischen Stätte Perperikon.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeological_complex_of_Perperikon_01.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":22.131958333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.perperikon.perperikon.s1-rock-city","duration":22.229,"src":"/audio/de/perperikon/s1-rock-city.139d6b44.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.perp.tourism"}]},{"id":"perperikon.s2-hill","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Stufen auf dem Hügel","body":"Finde Perperikon auf der Karte. Der Hügel liegt in den östlichen Rhodopen, nahe dem Dorf Gorna Krepost und dem heutigen Kardschali. Der Punkt zeigt die ungefähre Lage, ohne antike Grenzen.\n\nHier gibt es Spuren aus der Kupfersteinzeit (Chalkolithikum). Damals verwendeten die Menschen sowohl Stein als auch Kupfer. Später wird der Ort mit den Thrakern verbunden, antiken Gemeinschaften auf dem Balkan. Das moderne Grabungsprogramm begann im Jahr 2000. Archäologen legen eine befestigte Siedlung auf dem Gipfel frei. Sie finden Felsstufen, Rinnen und Nischen, kleine Vertiefungen im Stein. Wer hat sie geschaffen und wozu?","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ungefähres Gebiet des Felshügels bei Gorna Krepost in den östlichen Rhodopen. Antike Grenzen werden nicht dargestellt.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.perp.perperikon","name":"Perperikon","latitude":41.714722,"longitude":25.465278,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":300,"sourceIds":["src.perp.wikidata","src.perp.nekhrizov"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/perperikon/","slug":"perp.perperikon","url":"/de/map/#perp.perperikon"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Ungefähres Gebiet des Felshügels bei Gorna Krepost in den östlichen Rhodopen. Antike Grenzen werden nicht dargestellt.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.perp.perperikon","name":"Perperikon","latitude":41.714722,"longitude":25.465278,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":300,"sourceIds":["src.perp.wikidata","src.perp.nekhrizov"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/perperikon/","slug":"perp.perperikon","url":"/de/map/#perp.perperikon","number":1,"x":49.56598,"y":76.47864,"inside":true,"viewX":50.0,"viewY":69.84713398709677}],"extent":[0,0,1,1],"orientation":[{"name":"Sofia","kind":"town","x":22.774,"y":50.826,"viewX":16.812515096774185,"viewY":36.962104516129024},{"name":"Plowdiw","kind":"town","x":40.566,"y":65.549,"viewX":38.851637677419355,"viewY":55.83604064516129},{"name":"Warna","kind":"town","x":80.184,"y":37.187,"viewX":87.92683767741936,"viewY":19.477786451612886},{"name":"Burgas","kind":"town","x":74.532,"y":55.892,"viewX":80.92565058064515,"viewY":43.45638967741935},{"name":"Russe","kind":"town","x":55.821,"y":20.617,"viewX":57.748153806451604,"viewY":-1.763884516129049},{"name":"Weliko Tarnowo","kind":"town","x":51.465,"y":40.853,"viewX":52.352334451612904,"viewY":24.17736193548386},{"name":"Plewen","kind":"town","x":38.834,"y":31.796,"viewX":36.70619251612903,"viewY":12.566872258064501},{"name":"Stara Sagora","kind":"town","x":51.681,"y":57.962,"viewX":52.61989574193547,"viewY":46.10999612903225},{"name":"Schumen","kind":"town","x":67.951,"y":35.671,"viewX":72.77370219354837,"viewY":17.534372258064497},{"name":"Widin","kind":"town","x":17.099,"y":16.308,"viewX":9.782837677419348,"viewY":-7.287744516129052},{"name":"Blagoewgrad","kind":"town","x":19.929,"y":68.531,"viewX":13.288386064516121,"viewY":59.658772258064516},{"name":"Chaskowo","kind":"town","x":50.694,"y":70.78,"viewX":51.397289290322576,"viewY":62.54184516129031},{"name":"Smoljan","kind":"town","x":40.014,"y":80.031,"viewX":38.16786993548387,"viewY":74.40103032258065},{"name":"Sliwen","kind":"town","x":60.286,"y":51.247,"viewX":63.27899251612904,"viewY":37.501799354838695},{"name":"Dobritsch","kind":"town","x":79.091,"y":27.65,"viewX":86.57292799999998,"viewY":7.251967741935463},{"name":"Pernik","kind":"town","x":19.223,"y":53.257,"viewX":12.413857032258056,"viewY":40.07848967741934},{"name":"Jambol","kind":"town","x":62.544,"y":56.432,"viewX":66.07599896774194,"viewY":44.14863483870967},{"name":"Pasardschik","kind":"town","x":35.42,"y":64.052,"viewX":32.47723767741935,"viewY":53.91698322580646},{"name":"Wraza","kind":"town","x":25.661,"y":37.29,"viewX":20.388669935483865,"viewY":19.6098258064516},{"name":"Gabrowo","kind":"town","x":47.734,"y":46.177,"viewX":47.73070864516129,"viewY":31.00238645161289},{"name":"Kardschali","kind":"town","x":48.471,"y":78.573,"viewX":48.64363767741935,"viewY":72.53196838709675},{"name":"Kjustendil","kind":"town","x":14.889,"y":61.673,"viewX":7.0452892903225734,"viewY":50.86725870967741},{"name":"Montana","kind":"town","x":21.563,"y":31.916,"viewX":15.312437677419346,"viewY":12.720704516129016},{"name":"Lowetsch","kind":"town","x":40.178,"y":39.23,"viewX":38.37101832258064,"viewY":22.096780645161274},{"name":"Silistra","kind":"town","x":72.008,"y":13.056,"viewX":77.7991473548387,"viewY":-11.456598709677444},{"name":"Targowischte","kind":"town","x":63.402,"y":36.202,"viewX":67.13881187096774,"viewY":18.215079999999986},{"name":"Rasgrad","kind":"town","x":62.709,"y":28.698,"viewX":66.28038606451612,"viewY":8.595436129032242},{"name":"Kasanlak","kind":"town","x":48.661,"y":52.884,"viewX":48.878992516129024,"viewY":39.60032774193547},{"name":"Donau","kind":"nature","x":46.384,"y":23.924,"viewX":46.05845058064516,"viewY":2.4754761290322405},{"name":"Schwarzes Meer","kind":"nature","x":86.25,"y":45.496,"viewX":95.44085058064516,"viewY":30.129388387096768},{"name":"Balkangebirge","kind":"nature","x":41.25,"y":49.45,"viewX":39.698915096774186,"viewY":35.198161290322574},{"name":"Rila","kind":"nature","x":25.625,"y":65.69,"viewX":20.344076387096766,"viewY":56.01679354838708},{"name":"Pirin","kind":"nature","x":24.125,"y":75.565,"viewX":18.486011870967733,"viewY":68.67590645161289},{"name":"Rhodopen","kind":"nature","x":38.75,"y":79.447,"viewX":36.6021409032258,"viewY":73.65238},{"name":"Strandscha","kind":"nature","x":76.25,"y":67.774,"viewX":83.0537538064516,"viewY":58.68834709677419}],"crop":{"sx":0.8072916666666666,"sy":0.7800704579768494,"x":0.09201396666666672,"y":0.21992954202315063},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.26745833333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.perperikon.perperikon.s2-hill","duration":32.384,"src":"/audio/de/perperikon/s2-hill.2384cc94.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.perp.bilde2008"},{"id":"src.perp.nekhrizov"},{"id":"src.perp.wikidata"}]},{"id":"perperikon.s3-water","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Wasser im Stein","body":"Das Foto zeigt eine tief in den Fels gehauene Vertiefung mit Wasser. Oben siehst du ein modernes Schutzgeländer. Das Portal der Gemeinde beschreibt eine große Zisterne auf der Akropolis, dem befestigten oberen Teil der Stadt. Wir haben nicht bestätigt, dass das Foto genau diese Zisterne zeigt. Eine Zisterne ist eine Anlage zum Sammeln und Speichern von Wasser.\n\nDie Stadt hatte auch eine Entwässerung: Kanäle, die Regenwasser ableiteten. Das Wasser auf dem Foto allein beweist den Zweck der Vertiefung nicht. Nicht jede Vertiefung ist ein Altar, ein Ort für Gaben oder Opfer. Was kannst du sicher erkennen?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-10-480.7f8f9127.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-10-960.7f8f9127.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-10-1600.7f8f9127.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#6c6f5f","h":1600,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-10-960.7f8f9127.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-perp-10-960.7f8f9127.webp","id":"asset.perp.10","alt":"Tiefe, in den Fels gehauene Vertiefung mit Wasser und einem Schutzgeländer aus Metall in Perperikon.","objectCaption":"Tiefe, in den Fels gehauene Vertiefung mit Wasser und einem Schutzgeländer aus Metall in Perperikon.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeological_complex_of_Perperikon_10.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-perp-rock","x":0.25,"y":0.43,"title":"Felswand","body":"Die Vertiefung ist in den Fels gehauen.","sourceIds":["src.perp.photo10"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-perp-water","x":0.44,"y":0.8,"title":"Wasser","body":"Auf der heutigen Aufnahme ist unten Wasser zu sehen. Das erlaubt keine Datierung der Anlage.","sourceIds":["src.perp.photo10"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-perp-rail","x":0.74,"y":0.12,"title":"Modernes Geländer","body":"Das Metallgeländer ist eine moderne Schutzbarriere, keine antike Mauer.","sourceIds":["src.perp.photo10"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.887416666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.perperikon.perperikon.s3-water","duration":29.995,"src":"/audio/de/perperikon/s3-water.2a13498b.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.perp.photo10"},{"id":"src.perp.cistern"},{"id":"src.perp.tourism"}]},{"id":"perperikon.s4-oracle","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Wein und Flamme","body":"Archäologen beschreiben einen ovalen Saal mit einem runden Felsaltar, einem Ort für Gaben oder Opfer. Eine umstrittene Vermutung besagt, dass dies das Orakel des Dionysos ist, eines Gottes, der mit Wein verbunden wird. Ein Orakel ist ein Ort, an dem Menschen Vorhersagen suchten.\n\nEine Legende erzählt von Gaius Octavius, dem Vater des späteren Kaisers Augustus. Priester sagen die Macht seines Sohnes anhand einer Flamme voraus, die aus Wein auf einem Altar aufsteigt. Der Bericht vergleicht das Zeichen mit dem Alexanders des Großen. Er nennt aber Perperikon nicht. Er beweist nicht, dass Gaius Octavius oder Alexander hier waren.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-02-480.bb2c41dc.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-02-960.bb2c41dc.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-02-1600.bb2c41dc.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#757d74","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-02-960.bb2c41dc.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-perp-02-960.bb2c41dc.webp","id":"asset.perp.02","alt":"In den Fels gehauene Räume über dem Tal an der archäologischen Stätte Perperikon.","objectCaption":"In den Fels gehauene Räume über dem Tal an der archäologischen Stätte Perperikon.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeological_complex_of_Perperikon_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.627375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.perperikon.perperikon.s4-oracle","duration":32.725,"src":"/audio/de/perperikon/s4-oracle.94a53d5c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.perp.bilde2008"},{"id":"src.perp.afp2003"},{"id":"src.perp.iliev2013"},{"id":"src.perp.suetonius"}]},{"id":"perperikon.a1-evidence","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Was wissen wir?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.perp.evidence","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Was können wir über das berühmte Orakel sagen?","sourceIds":["src.perp.iliev2013","src.perp.afp2003","src.perp.bilde2008","src.perp.suetonius"],"items":[{"id":"opt-hypothesis","label":"Die Verbindung mit Perperikon ist eine umstrittene Hypothese."},{"id":"opt-proof","label":"Die runde Vertiefung kennzeichnet einen Dionysostempel.","whyWrong":"Die Form beweist nicht, welchem Gott der Ort diente."},{"id":"opt-name","label":"Sueton nennt Perperikon.","whyWrong":"Sueton erwähnt in dieser Passage Thrakien, nennt aber Perperikon nicht."}],"explanation":"Owtscharow schlägt die Verbindung vor; Iliew bestreitet ihre Grundlagen. Eine Felsanlage allein bestimmt nicht die Gottheit.","correctItemId":"opt-hypothesis","sources":[{"id":"src.perp.iliev2013"},{"id":"src.perp.afp2003"},{"id":"src.perp.bilde2008"},{"id":"src.perp.suetonius"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.871,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.perperikon.perperikon.a1-evidence","duration":2.987,"src":"/audio/de/perperikon/a1-evidence.6f60d3a5.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.perp.iliev2013"},{"id":"src.perp.afp2003"},{"id":"src.perp.bilde2008"},{"id":"src.perp.suetonius"}]},{"id":"perperikon.s5-disc","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"Die Steinscheibe mit zwei Öffnungen","body":"Vor dir liegt eine Steinscheibe mit zwei Öffnungen. Eine ist nahe der Mitte, die andere oben rechts. Das Foto zeigt nicht, wann die Scheibe hergestellt wurde oder ob sie immer hier stand.\n\nIm Jahr 46 n. Chr. wurde das thrakische Königreich eine römische Provinz, ein Gebiet unter römischer Herrschaft. In Perperikon wurden öffentliche Gebäude und Tempel gebaut. Das macht nicht jeden Stein auf dem Foto römisch. Hinter der Scheibe siehst du eine Mauer aus einzelnen Blöcken. Für eine Datierung braucht man die Funde und ihren Zusammenhang bei der Ausgrabung.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-480.8d260b30.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-960.8d260b30.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-1600.8d260b30.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-2400.8d260b30.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#777a71","h":1600,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-960.8d260b30.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-perp-08-960.8d260b30.webp","id":"asset.perp.08","alt":"Steinscheibe mit zwei Öffnungen an der archäologischen Stätte Perperikon.","objectCaption":"Steinscheibe","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Kritzolina · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Kritzolina, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Site today. Original file, unmodified. 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