{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.ruse-railway-1866","hasFind":true,"slug":"ruse-railway-1866","url":"/de/stories/ruse-railway-1866/","topic":"Russe–Warna","title":"Von der Donau zum Meer","summary":"1866 verbindet eine Eisenbahn Russe und Warna. Folge den Schienen, lies ein Fabrikschild und blicke über den Bahnhof hinaus auf die Stadt.","cover":{"title":"Von der Donau zum Meer","subtitle":"Russe–Warna, 1866","hook":"Wie verbindet der Zug den Fluss mit dem Meer?","summary":"1866 verbindet eine Eisenbahn Russe und Warna. Folge den Schienen, lies ein Fabrikschild und blicke über den Bahnhof hinaus auf die Stadt.","takeaway":"Die Eisenbahn verbindet Fluss- und Seeweg; heutige Objekte müssen anhand ihrer eigenen Daten eingeordnet werden."},"sortYear":1866,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Wiedergeburt und Befreiung","dateLabel":"18.–19. Jahrhundert","eraShort":"Wiedergeburt","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Russe–Warna","date":"1866","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-cutout-480.61bb0c23.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-cutout-960.61bb0c23.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-cutout-1600.61bb0c23.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#817b76","h":1350,"w":2190,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-cutout-960.61bb0c23.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-cutout-960.61bb0c23.webp","id":"asset.rail.crest-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Fabrikschild mit der Jahreszahl 1911. Schild am Museumswagen: Name des Herstellers, Breslau und 1911.","objectCaption":"Fabrikschild","caption":"Schild am Museumswagen: Name des Herstellers, Breslau und 1911.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Plate on a museum carriage: maker’s name, Breslau and 1911. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Plate on a museum carriage: maker’s name, Breslau and 1911. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crest_on_Breslau-Manufactured_Railway_Carriage_(1911)_-_National_Transport_Museum_-_Ruse_-_Bulgaria_(42347212964).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"ruse-railway-1866.s1-eight-hours","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Mit dem Zug vom Fluss zum Meer","body":"Stell dir vor, du stehst in Russe an der Donau. Dein nächstes Ziel ist das Schwarze Meer bei Warna. 1866 wird zwischen den beiden Städten eine Eisenbahn eröffnet. Nach Angaben der Bulgarischen Nachrichtenagentur dauerte die Zugfahrt etwa acht Stunden. Wir wissen nicht, ob jede Fahrt so lange dauerte. Doch nun kannst du auf Schienen vom Flussufer zum Meer gelangen.\n\nEs ist die erste Eisenbahn auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Bulgarien. Damals gehört es zum Osmanischen Reich.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rail-locomotive-480.27997a9e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-locomotive-960.27997a9e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-locomotive-1600.27997a9e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7c7571","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rail-locomotive-960.27997a9e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rail-locomotive-960.27997a9e.webp","id":"asset.rail.locomotive","alt":"Lokomotive Nr. 148 im Museum in Russe. Museumslokomotive. Es ist nicht geklärt, ob sie den ersten Zug zog. Foto von 2018; das Baujahr ist für diese Geschichte nicht geklärt.","objectCaption":"Museumslokomotive. Es ist nicht geklärt, ob sie den ersten Zug zog. Foto von 2018; das Baujahr ist für diese Geschichte nicht geklärt.","caption":"Museumslokomotive. Es ist nicht geklärt, ob sie den ersten Zug zog. Foto von 2018; das Baujahr ist für diese Geschichte nicht geklärt.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Museum locomotive. It has not been established whether it pulled the first train. Photograph from 2018; its manufacture year is not established for this story. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Museum locomotive. It has not been established whether it pulled the first train. Photograph from 2018; its manufacture year is not established for this story. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1866_Locomotive_-_National_Transport_Museum_-_Ruse_-_Bulgaria_-_01_(28197509037).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":23.908291666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ruse-railway-1866.ruse-railway-1866.s1-eight-hours","duration":24.021,"src":"/audio/de/ruse-railway-1866/s1-eight-hours.10c5eea4.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rail.bta2026"},{"id":"src.rail.bdz.history"}]},{"id":"ruse-railway-1866.s2-river-to-sea","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Schiff, Zug, Schiff","body":"Sieh dir die beiden Punkte auf der Karte an. Russe ist eine Flusshafenstadt. Warna eröffnet den Weg zum Schwarzen Meer und nach Istanbul. Die Schienen verbinden zwei verschiedene Wasserwege. Sie sind Teil einer längeren Route für Menschen und Waren aus Mitteleuropa.\n\nIm Frühjahr 1867 vereinbart die Eisenbahngesellschaft gemeinsame Transporte mit zwei Schifffahrtsgesellschaften. Die eine fährt auf der Donau. Die andere, der „Österreichische Lloyd“, verbindet Warna mit Istanbul. Der Reisende wechselt das Verkehrsmittel, setzt aber seinen Weg zum Ziel fort.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ungefähre Lage der Stadt.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.rail.ruse","name":"Russe","latitude":43.844532,"longitude":25.953907,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.rail.wikidata"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"rail.ruse","url":"/de/map/#rail.ruse"},{"note":"Die heutige Stadt. Gräberfeld und Museum sind auf der Karte gesondert markiert.","precision":"exact","id":"place.varna.city","name":"Warna","latitude":43.211375000000004,"longitude":27.91108,"accuracy":"verified_point","sourceIds":["src.varna.city-coordinate","src.rail.wikidata"],"short":"Warna","guideUrl":null,"slug":"varna.city","url":"/de/map/#varna.city"},{"note":"Das Museum befindet sich im alten Bahnhof an der Donau. Der Punkt zeigt die ungefähre Lage des Gebäudes.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.rail.museum","name":"Alter Bahnhof – Verkehrsmuseum","latitude":43.86066667,"longitude":25.96361111,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":40,"sourceIds":["src.rail.wikidata","src.rail.bta2026"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/national-transport-museum/","slug":"rail.museum","url":"/de/map/#rail.museum"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Ungefähre Lage der Stadt.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.rail.ruse","name":"Russe","latitude":43.844532,"longitude":25.953907,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.rail.wikidata"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"rail.ruse","url":"/de/map/#rail.ruse","number":1,"x":55.67384,"y":20.37804,"inside":true,"viewX":45.09275664516129,"viewY":26.123332567741937},{"note":"Die heutige Stadt. Gräberfeld und Museum sind auf der Karte gesondert markiert.","precision":"exact","id":"place.varna.city","name":"Warna","latitude":43.211375000000004,"longitude":27.91108,"accuracy":"verified_point","sourceIds":["src.varna.city-coordinate","src.rail.wikidata"],"short":"Warna","guideUrl":null,"slug":"varna.city","url":"/de/map/#varna.city","number":2,"x":80.1385,"y":37.2589,"inside":true,"viewX":75.39736774193547,"viewY":47.763506},{"note":"Das Museum befindet sich im alten Bahnhof an der Donau. Der Punkt zeigt die ungefähre Lage des Gebäudes.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.rail.museum","name":"Alter Bahnhof – Verkehrsmuseum","latitude":43.86066667,"longitude":25.96361111,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":40,"sourceIds":["src.rail.wikidata","src.rail.bta2026"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/national-transport-museum/","slug":"rail.museum","url":"/de/map/#rail.museum","number":3,"x":55.79514,"y":19.94553,"inside":true,"viewX":54.09275664516129,"viewY":32.12333256774194}],"extent":[0,0,1,1],"orientation":[{"name":"Sofia","kind":"town","x":22.774,"y":50.826,"viewX":4.3394064516128985,"viewY":65.15565290322583},{"name":"Plowdiw","kind":"town","x":40.566,"y":65.549,"viewX":26.378529032258065,"viewY":84.02958903225807},{"name":"Warna","kind":"town","x":80.184,"y":37.187,"viewX":75.45372903225807,"viewY":47.67133483870968},{"name":"Burgas","kind":"town","x":74.532,"y":55.892,"viewX":68.45254193548386,"viewY":71.64993806451615},{"name":"Russe","kind":"town","x":55.821,"y":20.617,"viewX":45.275045161290315,"viewY":26.42966387096775},{"name":"Weliko 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Schienen kommen von beiden Seiten","body":"Vor den Fahrgästen kommen die Bauleute. Die Arbeiten beginnen 1864 gleichzeitig von Russe und Warna aus. Die osmanische Regierung beauftragt eine englische Gesellschaft der Brüder Barkley mit dem Bau. Die Konzession gibt ihr vertraglich das Recht, die Strecke zu bauen und zu betreiben.\n\nGouverneur Midhat Pascha fährt die Strecke ab und erklärt sie 1866 für eröffnet. Nach Angaben des Museums in Russe beginnt der regelmäßige Zugverkehr 1867. 1888 kauft der bulgarische Staat die Strecke zurück. Bau, Eröffnung und Rückkauf sind verschiedene Ereignisse.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rail-station-480.cc01a434.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-station-960.cc01a434.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-station-1600.cc01a434.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#848887","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rail-station-960.cc01a434.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rail-station-960.cc01a434.webp","id":"asset.rail.station","alt":"Der alte Bahnhof in Russe. Erhaltenes Bahnhofsgebäude, 2018 fotografiert; keine Ansicht von 1866.","objectCaption":"Erhaltenes Bahnhofsgebäude, 2018 fotografiert; keine Ansicht von 1866.","caption":"Erhaltenes Bahnhofsgebäude, 2018 fotografiert; keine Ansicht von 1866.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Surviving station building photographed in 2018; not a view from 1866. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Surviving station building photographed in 2018; not a view from 1866. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_Transport_Museum_-_First_Railway_Station_in_Ottoman_Empire_-_Ruse_-_Bulgaria_-_01_(42347216054).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.97566666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ruse-railway-1866.ruse-railway-1866.s3-building-the-line","duration":33.067,"src":"/audio/de/ruse-railway-1866/s3-building-the-line.465ecac5.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rail.bdz.history"},{"id":"src.rail.topal2015"},{"id":"src.rail.ruse.calendar"},{"id":"src.rail.bta2026"}]},{"id":"ruse-railway-1866.s4-reading-a-plate","number":4,"kind":"artifact","title":"Eine Jahreszahl auf Metall","body":"Betrachte das ovale Schild am Museumswagen aus der Nähe. Am Rand stehen Buchstaben, darunter die Zahl 1911. Es ist ein Fabrikschild: ein Zeichen des Herstellers. In der oberen Zeile steht Breslauer Actien-Gesellschaft, ein Teil des Firmennamens. Am Ende der unteren Zeile steht Breslau. Breslau ist der Stadtname in der Fabrikinschrift.\n\nDas Schild stammt aus der Zeit nach der Eröffnung der Strecke. Das Museum sammelt Gegenstände aus verschiedenen Zeiten. Sieh auf die Jahreszahl, bevor du entscheidest, zu welchem Ereignis ein Gegenstand gehört.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-480.ee47eb2c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-960.ee47eb2c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-1600.ee47eb2c.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-2400.ee47eb2c.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#575956","h":1790,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-960.ee47eb2c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rail-crest-960.ee47eb2c.webp","id":"asset.rail.crest","alt":"Fabrikschild mit der Jahreszahl 1911. Schild am Museumswagen: Name des Herstellers, Breslau und 1911.","objectCaption":"Fabrikschild","caption":"Schild am Museumswagen: Name des Herstellers, Breslau und 1911.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Plate on a museum carriage: maker’s name, Breslau and 1911. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Adam Jones from Kelowna, BC, Canada, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. Plate on a museum carriage: maker’s name, Breslau and 1911. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crest_on_Breslau-Manufactured_Railway_Carriage_(1911)_-_National_Transport_Museum_-_Ruse_-_Bulgaria_(42347212964).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-rail-maker","x":0.52,"y":0.34,"title":"Hersteller","body":"In der oberen Zeile steht Breslauer Actien-Gesellschaft. Das ist ein Teil des Firmennamens.","sourceIds":["src.rail.photo.crest"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rail-city","x":0.76,"y":0.57,"title":"Breslau","body":"In der unteren gebogenen Zeile steht Breslau. Wir übernehmen den Namen, wie er auf dem Gegenstand steht.","sourceIds":["src.rail.photo.crest"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rail-year","x":0.53,"y":0.7,"title":"1911","body":"Unter den Buchstaben steht die Jahreszahl 1911. Sie liegt nach der Eröffnung der Strecke im Jahr 1866.","sourceIds":["src.rail.photo.crest","src.rail.bdz.history"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.645166666666668,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ruse-railway-1866.ruse-railway-1866.s4-reading-a-plate","duration":28.757,"src":"/audio/de/ruse-railway-1866/s4-reading-a-plate.3d5ae7eb.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rail.photo.crest"},{"id":"src.rail.bdz.history"}]},{"id":"ruse-railway-1866.a1-waterways","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Was verbinden die Schienen?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.rail.waterways","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Welche beiden Wasserwege verbindet die Eisenbahn Russe–Warna?","sourceIds":["src.rail.roussev.railways","src.rail.bta2026"],"items":[{"id":"opt-river-sea","label":"Donau und Schwarzes Meer"},{"id":"opt-two-seas","label":"Zwei Meere","whyWrong":"Die Donau ist ein Fluss, kein Meer."},{"id":"opt-two-rivers","label":"Zwei Flüsse","whyWrong":"Das Schwarze Meer ist kein Fluss."}],"explanation":"Russe liegt an der Donau, Warna am Schwarzen Meer. Der Zug verbindet das Fluss- und das Seeende einer längeren Route.","correctItemId":"opt-river-sea","sources":[{"id":"src.rail.roussev.railways"},{"id":"src.rail.bta2026"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.706916666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.ruse-railway-1866.ruse-railway-1866.a1-waterways","duration":3.797,"src":"/audio/de/ruse-railway-1866/a1-waterways.b0de5c0c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rail.roussev.railways"},{"id":"src.rail.bta2026"}]},{"id":"ruse-railway-1866.s5-a-city-facade","number":6,"kind":"narrative","title":"Geschäfte für Mieteinnahmen","body":"Wende den Blick vom Bahnhof zum Dohodno Sdanie. Es wurde 1898–1902 nach einem Entwurf des Wiener Architekten Peter Paul Brang erbaut. In dem Gebäude waren Geschäfte und ein Theatersaal vorgesehen. Sein Name geht auf die geplanten Mieteinnahmen zurück. 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