{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.shipka-1877","hasFind":true,"slug":"shipka-1877","url":"/de/stories/shipka-1877/","topic":"Schipka","title":"Der Weg über den Schipkapass","summary":"Eine Bergstraße, eine gemeinsame Verteidigung und eine Fahne aus Samara. Wie das Gelände und Verstärkungen die Augustkämpfe beeinflussen und was das spätere Denkmal zeigt.","cover":{"title":"Der Weg über den Schipkapass","subtitle":"Der Schipkapass, August 1877","hook":"Wie hielten die Verteidiger den Pass?","summary":"Eine Bergstraße, eine gemeinsame Verteidigung und eine Fahne aus Samara. Wie das Gelände und Verstärkungen die Augustkämpfe beeinflussen und was das spätere Denkmal zeigt.","takeaway":"Das Halten des Passes verbindet die gemeinsame Verteidigung mit dem Gelände und den Verstärkungen; Gegenstände und Denkmäler erzählen unterschiedliche Teile dieser Geschichte."},"sortYear":1877,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Wiedergeburt und Befreiung","dateLabel":"18.–19. Jahrhundert","eraShort":"Wiedergeburt","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Schipka","date":"1877","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-cutout-480.59ac5cee.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-cutout-864.59ac5cee.avif","w":864}],"dominant":"#93837c","h":1192,"w":864,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-cutout-864.59ac5cee.webp","w":864}],"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-cutout-864.59ac5cee.webp","id":"asset.shipka.monument-detail-cutout","alt":"Das heutige Schipka-Denkmal, aus dem Foto freigestellt; keine Darstellung der Schlacht von 1877.","objectCaption":"Turm aus Stein","caption":"Steinturm – 1934 eingeweihtes Denkmal","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Ivano Giambattista · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Stone tower — memorial opened in 1934. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Stone tower — memorial opened in 1934. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shipka_Monument_4.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"},"scenes":[{"id":"shipka-1877.s1-pass","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Der Pass, der geschlossen bleiben muss","body":"Am 21. August 1877 beginnen nach neuem Kalender die Angriffe auf den Schipkapass. Nach altem Kalender ist es der 9. August. Der Krieg zwischen Russland und dem Osmanischen Reich hat die Truppen bereits ins Balkangebirge geführt. Unter dem Kommando von General Nikolai Stoletow verteidigen hier russische Truppen und bulgarische Freiwillige, die Opoltschenzi genannt werden, den Pass.\n\nFür Süleyman Pascha ist der Pass ein Weg zu den osmanischen Truppen nördlich des Gebirges. Die Verbindung mit ihnen soll den russischen Druck bei Plewen mindern. Die Verteidiger müssen diesen Weg versperren. Doch warum gelingt es einigen Tausend, einer zahlenmäßig stärkeren Armee standzuhalten? Die Antwort beginnt beim Gelände, nicht bei dem Denkmal, das wir heute sehen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-front-480.9ce63c5c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-front-960.9ce63c5c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-front-1600.9ce63c5c.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#62a6ab","h":1081,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-front-960.9ce63c5c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-front-960.9ce63c5c.webp","id":"asset.shipka.monument-front","alt":"Freiheitsdenkmal auf dem Gebirgskamm – heutige Ansicht","objectCaption":"Freiheitsdenkmal auf dem Gebirgskamm – heutige Ansicht","caption":"Freiheitsdenkmal auf dem Gebirgskamm – heutige Ansicht","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Ivano Giambattista · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Freedom Monument on the ridge — modern view. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Freedom Monument on the ridge — modern view. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shipka_Monument_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":38.769041666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.shipka-1877.shipka-1877.s1-pass","duration":38.869,"src":"/audio/de/shipka-1877/s1-pass.693326fb.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.shipka.august"},{"id":"src.shipka.battle"},{"id":"src.shipka.tasdemir2021"}]},{"id":"shipka-1877.s2-ridges","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Bergrücken, Täler und eine Straße","body":"Sehen Sie Gabrowo nördlich des Passes und Stara Sagora im Süden. Das sind Orientierungspunkte, keine Frontverläufe. Bei Schipka sind parallele Bergrücken durch tiefe, bewaldete Täler getrennt. Batterien und Schützengräben helfen den Verteidigern; Umgehungsmanöver bedrohen ihre Flanken. Die Straße nach Gabrowo ist für Versorgung und Rückzug wichtig.\n\nDie Museen nennen etwa 7 500 Verteidiger. Der Historiker Ahmet Taşdemir unterscheidet etwa 4 500 Mann unmittelbar am Pass vor dem Angriff von 7 000, die für die Verteidigung vorgesehen sind, einschließlich einer Reserve in Gabrowo. Taşdemir unterscheidet die Männer am Pass von der Reserve in Gabrowo. Es ist nicht geklärt, ob die Abweichung von der Schätzung der Museen auf den Zeitpunkt der Zählung, die einbezogenen Einheiten oder etwas anderes zurückgeht. Auch Verstärkungen treffen ein.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Das Freiheitsdenkmal auf dem Schipka erinnert an die Kämpfe von 1877 und wurde später als die Kampfstellungen errichtet.","precision":"exact","id":"place.shipka.monument","name":"Freiheitsdenkmal, Schipka","latitude":42.748194,"longitude":25.321545,"accuracy":"verified_point","radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.bas2024","src.shipka.coord-monument"],"short":"Schipka","guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/shipka-memorial/","slug":"shipka.monument","url":"/de/map/#shipka.monument"},{"note":"Gabrowo liegt nördlich des Schipkapasses. Die Straße von dort war 1877 für Nachschub und Verstärkung wichtig.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.shipka.gabrovo","name":"Gabrowo","latitude":42.874242,"longitude":25.31784,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1500,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.coord-gabrovo"],"short":"Gabrowo","guideUrl":null,"slug":"shipka.gabrovo","url":"/de/map/#shipka.gabrovo"},{"note":"Stara Sagora ist mit den Kämpfen um die Samara-Fahne vor der Verteidigung des Schipkapasses im August verbunden.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.shipka.stara-zagora","name":"Stara Sagora","latitude":42.425668,"longitude":25.634595,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.coord-stara-zagora"],"short":"Stara Sagora","guideUrl":null,"slug":"shipka.stara-zagora","url":"/de/map/#shipka.stara-zagora"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Das Freiheitsdenkmal auf dem Schipka erinnert an die Kämpfe von 1877 und wurde später als die Kampfstellungen errichtet.","precision":"exact","id":"place.shipka.monument","name":"Freiheitsdenkmal, Schipka","latitude":42.748194,"longitude":25.321545,"accuracy":"verified_point","radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.bas2024","src.shipka.coord-monument"],"short":"Schipka","guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/shipka-memorial/","slug":"shipka.monument","url":"/de/map/#shipka.monument","number":1,"x":47.76931,"y":49.49721,"inside":true,"viewX":47.60506632258064,"viewY":46.70120182903227},{"note":"Gabrowo liegt nördlich des Schipkapasses. Die Straße von dort war 1877 für Nachschub und Verstärkung wichtig.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.shipka.gabrovo","name":"Gabrowo","latitude":42.874242,"longitude":25.31784,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1500,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.coord-gabrovo"],"short":"Gabrowo","guideUrl":null,"slug":"shipka.gabrovo","url":"/de/map/#shipka.gabrovo","number":2,"x":47.723,"y":46.17585,"inside":true,"viewX":56.60506632258064,"viewY":52.70120182903227},{"note":"Stara Sagora ist mit den Kämpfen um die Samara-Fahne vor der Verteidigung des Schipkapasses im August verbunden.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.shipka.stara-zagora","name":"Stara Sagora","latitude":42.425668,"longitude":25.634595,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.coord-stara-zagora"],"short":"Stara 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Fahne aus Samara","body":"Betrachten Sie den Stoff: Rot, Weiß und Blau, mit einem Bild in einem verzierten Kreuz. Dies ist eine Museumskopie der Fahne von Samara. Das Original wurde von Nonnen in Samara genäht und bestickt; Nikolai Simakow schuf die Ikonenbilder. Auf der einen Seite ist die Gottesmutter, auf der anderen Kyrill und Method dargestellt.\n\nDie Fahne wurde im Mai 1877 bei Ploiești dem Dritten bulgarischen Freiwilligenbataillon übergeben. Ihr Weg verbindet die Kämpfe bei Stara Sagora, Schipka und Scheinowo. Unserer Deutung nach lenkt die Fahne die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Beteiligung der Freiwilligen an der Seite der russischen Regimenter. Das Original wird seit 1946 im Nationalen Militärhistorischen Museum aufbewahrt; das Foto hier zeigt es nicht.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-480.86c799ef.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-960.86c799ef.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-1600.86c799ef.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#715762","h":2400,"w":1889,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-960.86c799ef.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-960.86c799ef.webp","id":"asset.shipka.samara-copy","alt":"Kopie des Samara-Banners auf dem Schipka-Pass – Seite mit der Gottesmutter","objectCaption":"Kopie des Samara-Banners auf dem Schipka-Pass – Seite mit der Gottesmutter","caption":"Kopie des Samara-Banners auf dem Schipka-Pass – Seite mit der Gottesmutter","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Ivano Giambattista · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Copy of the Samara flag at Shipka — Mother of God side. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Copy of the Samara flag at Shipka — Mother of God side. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Samara_Flag.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-reverse-480.6c8c5879.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-reverse-960.6c8c5879.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-reverse-1600.6c8c5879.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#b37761","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-reverse-960.6c8c5879.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-shipka-samara-copy-reverse-960.6c8c5879.webp","id":"asset.shipka.samara-copy-reverse","alt":"Kopie des Samara-Banners – Seite mit Kyrill und Method","objectCaption":"Kopie des Samara-Banners – Seite mit Kyrill und Method. Dies ist nicht das originale Tuch von 1877.","caption":"Kopie des Samara-Banners – Seite mit Kyrill und Method. Dies ist nicht das originale Tuch von 1877.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Copy of the Samara flag — Cyril and Methodius side. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Copy of the Samara flag — Cyril and Methodius side. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Samara_Flag_Klearchos_Photo.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-flag-colours","x":0.3,"y":0.71,"title":"Drei Farben","body":"Auf der Museumskopie sind Rot, Weiß und Blau zu sehen.","sourceIds":["src.shipka.media.samara-copy"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-flag-icon","x":0.6,"y":0.58,"title":"Gottesmutter mit Kind","body":"Im Kreuz ist die Gottesmutter mit Kind dargestellt. Auf der Rückseite sind Kyrill und Method zu sehen.","sourceIds":["src.shipka.icons","src.shipka.media.samara-copy"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-flag-finial","x":0.75,"y":0.07,"title":"Fahnenspitze","body":"Am oberen Ende der Fahnenstange ist eine verzierte Spitze zu sehen. Das Foto zeigt die Kopie, nicht den Zustand des Originals nach den Kämpfen.","sourceIds":["src.shipka.media.samara-copy","src.shipka.copy"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":39.26829166666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.shipka-1877.shipka-1877.s3-flag","duration":39.381,"src":"/audio/de/shipka-1877/s3-flag.5fbe5be7.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.shipka.may"},{"id":"src.shipka.flag"},{"id":"src.shipka.icons"},{"id":"src.shipka.copy"}]},{"id":"shipka-1877.s4-relief","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Der dritte Tag","body":"Am 23. August, dem dritten Tag der Kämpfe, geht den Verteidigern die Munition zur Neige. Osmanische Einheiten bedrängen die Stellungen von mehreren Seiten. Das Museum nennt etwa 27 000 Mann und zusätzlich eine Reserve von 10 000, Taşdemir dagegen etwa 26 500 vor dem Vormarsch. Die Zusammensetzung und der Zeitpunkt dieser Schätzungen sind nicht abgeglichen; sie zeigen nicht, wie viele Männer gleichzeitig angreifen.\n\nAus Gabrowo treffen Verstärkungen ein, die General Radetzky geschickt hat. Dazu gehören Schützen des Sechzehnten Schützenbataillons. Die Krise wird überwunden und der Pass bleibt in der Hand der Verteidiger. Dies ist eine Wende, aber nicht das Ende der Kämpfe. Die Verstärkungen erreichen den Pass auf der Straße von Gabrowo.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-stoletov-portrait-480.2ab4fd1d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-stoletov-portrait-960.2ab4fd1d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-stoletov-portrait-1340.2ab4fd1d.avif","w":1340}],"dominant":"#a2a1a1","h":1594,"w":1340,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-stoletov-portrait-960.2ab4fd1d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-shipka-stoletov-portrait-960.2ab4fd1d.webp","id":"asset.shipka.stoletov-portrait","alt":"Nikolai Stoletow – 1878 veröffentlichter Stich","objectCaption":"Nikolai Stoletow – 1878 veröffentlichter Stich","caption":"Nikolai Stoletow – 1878 veröffentlichter Stich","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"П. Ф. Борел; И. 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Von dort kommt am dritten Tag die Verstärkung.","correctItemId":"opt-gabrovo","sources":[{"id":"src.shipka.battle"},{"id":"src.shipka.tasdemir2021"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":4.682166666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.shipka-1877.shipka-1877.a1-relief","duration":4.779,"src":"/audio/de/shipka-1877/a1-relief.be374718.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.shipka.battle"},{"id":"src.shipka.tasdemir2021"}]},{"id":"shipka-1877.s5-cost","number":6,"kind":"narrative","title":"Das Halten des Passes hat seinen Preis","body":"In den folgenden Tagen greifen auch russische Truppen zum Gegenangriff an. Taşdemir unterscheidet den osmanischen Vormarsch vom 21. bis 23. August von den Kämpfen vom 24. bis 26. August, als auch russische Einheiten angreifen. Nach Taşdemir führen die Angriffe auf befestigte Stellungen in dem schwierigen Gelände zu schweren Verlusten auf beiden Seiten. Der Pass wird gehalten, doch das mindert das Leid nicht.\n\nNach Taşdemir helfen Probleme der osmanischen Führung, der Kräfteverteilung und des zeitlichen Vorgehens, das Scheitern der Angriffe zu erklären. Das ist eine historische Deutung. Sie ergänzt den Bericht über die Verteidigung um die Entscheidungen der angreifenden Seite. Im Herbst und Winter geht die Verteidigung weiter. Die Augusttage dürfen nicht mit allen folgenden Monaten gleichgesetzt werden.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-landscape-480.64957774.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-landscape-960.64957774.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-landscape-1600.64957774.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#839cb0","h":767,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-landscape-960.64957774.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-landscape-960.64957774.webp","id":"asset.shipka.monument-landscape","alt":"Gebirgslandschaft bei Schipka heute","objectCaption":"Gebirgslandschaft bei Schipka heute","caption":"Gebirgslandschaft bei Schipka heute","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Ivano Giambattista · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Mountain landscape at Shipka today. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Mountain landscape at Shipka today. 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In unserer Deutung stehen die Freiwilligen für die bulgarische Beteiligung an der gemeinsamen Verteidigung. Die Fahne von Samara, die dem Dritten Freiwilligenbataillon anvertraut wurde, ist einer der Gegenstände, anhand derer wir von dieser Beteiligung erzählen.\n\nDer steinerne Turm wurde am 26. August 1934 eingeweiht. Er wurde mit Spenden nach einem Entwurf des Architekten Donkow und des Bildhauers Andrejew errichtet. Im Erdgeschoss befindet sich ein Beinhaus mit einem Sarkophag. Die Fahne in der Ausstellung ist eine 1981 gefertigte Kopie. Das Denkmal, die Kopie und das Original sind unterschiedliche Zeugnisse. Wenn wir sie unterscheiden, sehen wir sowohl das Ereignis als auch die Art, wie später daran erinnert wurde.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-480.b6a8e8a8.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-960.b6a8e8a8.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-1600.b6a8e8a8.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#6fa0b7","h":1174,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-960.b6a8e8a8.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-shipka-monument-detail-960.b6a8e8a8.webp","id":"asset.shipka.monument-detail","alt":"Steinturm – 1934 eingeweihtes Denkmal","objectCaption":"Turm aus Stein","caption":"Steinturm – 1934 eingeweihtes Denkmal","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Ivano Giambattista · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. 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CC0. Approach to the Freedom Monument today. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Ivano Giambattista / Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Approach to the Freedom Monument today. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shipka_Monument_5.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Das Freiheitsdenkmal auf dem Schipka erinnert an die Kämpfe von 1877 und wurde später als die Kampfstellungen errichtet.","precision":"exact","id":"place.shipka.monument","name":"Freiheitsdenkmal, Schipka","latitude":42.748194,"longitude":25.321545,"accuracy":"verified_point","radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.bas2024","src.shipka.coord-monument"],"short":"Schipka","guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/de/places/shipka-memorial/","slug":"shipka.monument","url":"/de/map/#shipka.monument"},{"note":"Gabrowo liegt nördlich des Schipkapasses. Die Straße von dort war 1877 für Nachschub und Verstärkung wichtig.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.shipka.gabrovo","name":"Gabrowo","latitude":42.874242,"longitude":25.31784,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1500,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.coord-gabrovo"],"short":"Gabrowo","guideUrl":null,"slug":"shipka.gabrovo","url":"/de/map/#shipka.gabrovo"},{"note":"Stara Sagora ist mit den Kämpfen um die Samara-Fahne vor der Verteidigung des Schipkapasses im August verbunden.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.shipka.stara-zagora","name":"Stara Sagora","latitude":42.425668,"longitude":25.634595,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.shipka.coord-stara-zagora"],"short":"Stara Sagora","guideUrl":null,"slug":"shipka.stara-zagora","url":"/de/map/#shipka.stara-zagora"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":44.45795833333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.shipka-1877.shipka-1877.s6-memory","duration":44.587,"src":"/audio/de/shipka-1877/s6-memory.ee3faa03.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.shipka.monument"},{"id":"src.shipka.copy"},{"id":"src.shipka.flag"},{"id":"src.shipka.august"},{"id":"src.shipka.may"},{"id":"src.shipka.bas2024"}]},{"id":"shipka-1877.a3-matching","number":9,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Zuordnen","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.shipka.matching","kind":"matching","prompt":"Ordnen Sie jedem Zeugnis seine Beschreibung zu.","sourceIds":["src.shipka.flag","src.shipka.copy","src.shipka.monument"],"items":[{"id":"pair-original","label":"Die originale Fahne von Samara","pairedLabel":"Im Nationalen Militärhistorischen Museum"},{"id":"pair-copy","label":"Die Kopie in Schipka","pairedLabel":"1981 gefertigt"},{"id":"pair-monument","label":"Das steinerne Denkmal","pairedLabel":"1934 eingeweiht"}],"explanation":"Original, spätere Kopie und Denkmal haben unterschiedliche Daten und unterschiedliche Bedeutung als Zeugnisse.","sources":[{"id":"src.shipka.flag"},{"id":"src.shipka.copy"},{"id":"src.shipka.monument"}],"columns":["Element","Beschreibung"]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.05675,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.shipka-1877.shipka-1877.a3-matching","duration":3.157,"src":"/audio/de/shipka-1877/a3-matching.f3e646ef.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.shipka.flag"},{"id":"src.shipka.copy"},{"id":"src.shipka.monument"}]}],"minutes":5,"sources":[{"year":null,"url":"https://militarymuseum.bg/voenna-istoria/voenen-kalendar/avgust/","institutionOrAuthor":"Национален военноисторически музей","id":"src.shipka.august","title":"Военен календар: Август","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","authors":["Национален военноисторически музей"],"accessed":"2026-10-28","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"},"container":""},{"year":2024,"url":"https://iefem.bas.bg/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Sledite-na-geroichnoto-vreme_sm.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Вуков, Николай; Ненов, Николай; Григоров, Григор Хар.; Рошкева, Ренета; Казаларска, Светла; Атанасов, Владислав; Воскресенски, Валентин; Великов, Искрен. 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