{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.vasil-levski","hasFind":true,"slug":"vasil-levski","url":"/de/stories/vasil-levski/","topic":"Wasil Lewski","title":"Briefe für eine Republik","summary":"Ein Notizbuch, eine Quittung und ein Regelentwurf zeigen, wie Lewskis Netzwerk arbeitet. Wir folgen den Briefen nach Lowetsch und Bukarest und unterscheiden dann zwischen Bekanntem und Umstrittenem über seine Gefangennahme und Hinrichtung.","cover":{"title":"Briefe für eine Republik","subtitle":"Wasil Lewski und das Netzwerk der Komitees","hook":"Wie verbinden Briefe Lewskis Komitees?","summary":"Ein Notizbuch, eine Quittung und ein Regelentwurf zeigen, wie Lewskis Netzwerk arbeitet. Wir folgen den Briefen nach Lowetsch und Bukarest und unterscheiden dann zwischen Bekanntem und Umstrittenem über seine Gefangennahme und Hinrichtung.","takeaway":"Das Netzwerk ist das Werk vieler Menschen; die Dokumente zeigen Vorbereitungen für gleiche Rechte, klären aber nicht jede Streitfrage."},"sortYear":1872,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Wiedergeburt und Befreiung","dateLabel":"18.–19. Jahrhundert","eraShort":"Wiedergeburt","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Lowetsch","date":"1871–1873","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-480.266e48b9.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-960.266e48b9.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-1018.266e48b9.avif","w":1018}],"dominant":"#b49a59","h":756,"w":1018,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-960.266e48b9.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-960.266e48b9.webp","id":"asset.lev.notebook-display-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Museumsvitrine: Kopie des Notizbuchs und ein Dolch, der als Lewskis Besitz präsentiert wird","objectCaption":"Kopie des Notizbuchs","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Eola · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Eola / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum display: copy of the notebook and a dagger presented as belonging to Levski. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Eola / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum display: copy of the notebook and a dagger presented as belonging to Levski. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Levski_E1.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"vasil-levski.s1-pocket","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ein Taschennotizbuch","body":"Im Taschennotizbuch stehen Ausgaben für Brot, Oliven und Äpfel. Auch Geld für die Post ist vermerkt. Die Notizen stammen von Wasil Iwanow Kuntschew aus Karlowo, bekannt als Lewski.\n\nEr bereitet einen Aufstand gegen die osmanische Herrschaft vor. Menschen aus verschiedenen Orten sollen zusammenarbeiten. Einer allein kann nicht alles erledigen. Wer trägt die Briefe und wer verwahrt das gemeinsame Geld?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-480.95f8c880.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-960.95f8c880.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-1600.95f8c880.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#877041","h":902,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-960.95f8c880.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-960.95f8c880.webp","id":"asset.lev.notebook-display","alt":"Museumsvitrine: Kopie des Notizbuchs und ein Dolch, der als Lewskis Besitz präsentiert wird","objectCaption":"Kopie des Notizbuchs","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Eola · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Eola / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum display: copy of the notebook and a dagger presented as belonging to Levski. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Eola / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum display: copy of the notebook and a dagger presented as belonging to Levski. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Levski_E1.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":20.9245,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.vasil-levski.vasil-levski.s1-pocket.042dd4be0e","sha256":"042dd4be0eb7f361d75aad775bcfcc7d5ee244eca072e28e2793b6bd0e66e313","duration":21.035,"src":"/assets/narration/de/vasil-levski/s1-pocket.042dd4be0e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.lev.notebook"},{"id":"src.lev.birth"},{"id":"src.lev.chronicle"},{"id":"src.lev.nareda"},{"id":"src.lev.apostle"},{"id":"src.lev.photo.notebook-display"}]},{"id":"vasil-levski.s2-network","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Wer trägt den Brief?","body":"1869 reist Lewski durch die bulgarischen Gebiete. In den folgenden Jahren baut er Komitees auf: örtliche Gruppen zur Vorbereitung eines Aufstands. Laut Museumschronik liegt das Zentrum Anfang 1871 in Lowetsch.\n\nDer Regelentwurf „Nareda“ sieht eine geheime Post vor. Ein Kurier trägt Nachrichten. Briefe sollen über bestimmte Personen laufen, die Zusammensetzung der Komitees soll geheim bleiben.\n\nIn Bukarest nimmt die Generalversammlung im Frühjahr 1872 eine Satzung und ein Programm an. Die Satzung legt fest, wie die Organisation arbeitet. Wie wird über das gemeinsame Geld abgerechnet?","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Die Stadt, in der Lewski geboren wurde. Der Punkt markiert die Stadt, nicht den genauen Geburtsort.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.karlovo","name":"Karlowo","latitude":42.642034,"longitude":24.80821,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q316841","src.lev.chronicle","src.rose.geo-karlovo","src.rose.omda"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.karlovo","url":"/de/map/#lev.karlovo"},{"note":"Nach der Museumschronik ab Anfang 1871 ein Zentrum. Der Punkt markiert die Stadt, kein geheimes Quartier.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.lovech","name":"Lowetsch","latitude":43.134777,"longitude":24.711535,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q189328","src.lev.chronicle"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.lovech","url":"/de/map/#lev.lovech"},{"note":"Stadt der Generalversammlung von 1872; die genaue Adresse ist hier nicht geklärt.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.bucharest","name":"Bukarest","latitude":44.41336111111111,"longitude":26.09777777777778,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":8000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q19660","src.lev.chronicle"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.bucharest","url":"/de/map/#lev.bucharest"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Die Stadt, in der Lewski geboren wurde. Der Punkt markiert die Stadt, nicht den genauen Geburtsort.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.karlovo","name":"Karlowo","latitude":42.642034,"longitude":24.80821,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q316841","src.lev.chronicle","src.rose.geo-karlovo","src.rose.omda"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.karlovo","url":"/de/map/#lev.karlovo","number":1,"x":41.35262,"y":52.28929,"inside":true,"viewX":40.76469470967742,"viewY":67.03149627741936},{"note":"Nach der Museumschronik ab Anfang 1871 ein Zentrum. Der Punkt markiert die Stadt, kein geheimes Quartier.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.lovech","name":"Lowetsch","latitude":43.134777,"longitude":24.711535,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q189328","src.lev.chronicle"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.lovech","url":"/de/map/#lev.lovech","number":2,"x":40.14419,"y":39.28917,"inside":true,"viewX":39.26780077419355,"viewY":50.36618115483872},{"note":"Stadt der Generalversammlung von 1872; die genaue Adresse ist hier nicht geklärt.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.bucharest","name":"Bukarest","latitude":44.41336111111111,"longitude":26.09777777777778,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":8000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q19660","src.lev.chronicle"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.bucharest","url":"/de/map/#lev.bucharest","number":3,"x":57.47222,"y":5.05881,"inside":true,"viewX":60.73219922580645,"viewY":6.4850680451612925}],"extent":[0,0,1,1],"orientation":[{"name":"Sofia","kind":"town","x":22.774,"y":50.826,"viewX":17.751178322580643,"viewY":65.15565290322583},{"name":"Plowdiw","kind":"town","x":40.566,"y":65.549,"viewX":39.79030090322581,"viewY":84.02958903225807},{"name":"Warna","kind":"town","x":80.184,"y":37.187,"viewX":88.86550090322581,"viewY":47.67133483870968},{"name":"Burgas","kind":"town","x":74.532,"y":55.892,"viewX":81.86431380645162,"viewY":71.64993806451615},{"name":"Russe","kind":"town","x":55.821,"y":20.617,"viewX":58.68681703225806,"viewY":26.42966387096775},{"name":"Weliko 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Meer","kind":"nature","x":86.25,"y":45.496,"viewX":96.37951380645163,"viewY":58.322936774193565},{"name":"Balkangebirge","kind":"nature","x":41.25,"y":49.45,"viewX":40.637578322580644,"viewY":63.39170967741937},{"name":"Rila","kind":"nature","x":25.625,"y":65.69,"viewX":21.282739612903224,"viewY":84.21034193548388},{"name":"Pirin","kind":"nature","x":24.125,"y":75.565,"viewX":19.424675096774195,"viewY":96.86945483870969},{"name":"Rhodopen","kind":"nature","x":38.75,"y":79.447,"viewX":37.54080412903226,"viewY":101.84592838709679},{"name":"Strandscha","kind":"nature","x":76.25,"y":67.774,"viewX":83.99241703225806,"viewY":86.88189548387099}],"crop":{"sx":0.8072916666666666,"sy":0.7800704579768494,"x":0.08443621666666667,"y":0},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.84795833333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.vasil-levski.vasil-levski.s2-network","duration":32.939,"src":"/audio/de/vasil-levski/s2-network.1434cb31.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.lev.chronicle"},{"id":"src.lev.nareda"},{"id":"src.lev.documents"},{"id":"src.lev.apostle"}]},{"id":"vasil-levski.s3-receipt","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Die Quittung mit dem Löwen","body":"Dieses Blatt ist eine Quittung: eine schriftliche Bestätigung für erhaltenes Geld. Oben stehen ein Vordruck und ein Datum. Unten rechts sieht man einen runden Abdruck mit einem Löwen. Die Beschreibung auf Commons datiert sie auf den 25. März 1872.\n\nNach der Nareda soll der Kassenwart, der das Geld verwahrt, nummerierte Quittungen ausstellen. Er soll die Einnahmen in einem Buch festhalten. Im Notizbuch steht eine Ausgabe für Quittungsbücher.\n\nDiese Spuren legen unserer Ansicht nach nahe, dass die Rechnungsführung für das Netzwerk wichtig ist. Sie beweisen keine fehlerfreien Abrechnungen. Für welche Zukunft wird das Geld gesammelt?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-480.339a53d7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-960.339a53d7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-1600.339a53d7.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-2400.339a53d7.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#c4b3a6","h":1315,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-960.339a53d7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-960.339a53d7.webp","id":"asset.lev.receipt","alt":"Reproduktion einer Komitee-Quittung, die Commons auf den 25. März 1872 datiert. Ob das fotografierte Stück ein Original oder eine Kopie ist, steht nicht fest.","objectCaption":"Reproduktion einer Komitee-Quittung, die Commons auf den 25. März 1872 datiert. Ob das fotografierte Stück ein Original oder eine Kopie ist, steht nicht fest.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Pety anta · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Pety anta / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reproduction of a committee receipt, dated in Commons to 25 March 1872. Whether the photographed carrier is an original or copy is not established. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Pety anta / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reproduction of a committee receipt, dated in Commons to 25 March 1872. Whether the photographed carrier is an original or copy is not established. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A7%D0%91%D0%A0%D0%9A_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%87%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8_25_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_1872%D0%B3.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-480.5b7443c9.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-960.5b7443c9.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-1600.5b7443c9.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#b19e90","h":2400,"w":1968,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-960.5b7443c9.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-960.5b7443c9.webp","id":"asset.lev.accounts","alt":"Reproduktion von Rechnungen, die Commons als Rechnungen von Dimitar Obshti mit Notizen Lewskis beschreibt, 17. März 1872. Der Status des fotografierten Stücks ist ungeklärt.","objectCaption":"Reproduktion von Rechnungen, die Commons als Rechnungen von Dimitar Obshti mit Notizen Lewskis beschreibt, 17. März 1872. Der Status des fotografierten Stücks ist ungeklärt.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Pety anta · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Pety anta / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reproduction of accounts described in Commons as Dimitar Obshti’s accounts with notes by Levski, 17 March 1872. The status of the photographed carrier is not established. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Pety anta / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reproduction of accounts described in Commons as Dimitar Obshti’s accounts with notes by Levski, 17 March 1872. The status of the photographed carrier is not established. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_17_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_1872%D0%B3.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-lev-receipt-heading","x":0.145,"y":0.14,"title":"Gedrucktes Formular","body":"Die gedruckte Überschrift nennt ein Komitee in den bulgarischen Gebieten. Das Formular ist handschriftlich ausgefüllt.","sourceIds":["src.lev.photo.receipt"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-lev-receipt-date","x":0.83,"y":0.14,"title":"Datum","body":"Das Datum steht oben rechts. Die Bildbeschreibung nennt den 25. März 1872.","sourceIds":["src.lev.photo.receipt"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-lev-receipt-seal","x":0.82,"y":0.68,"title":"Löwenstempel","body":"Der runde Abdruck mit Löwen steht unten rechts. Die Ordnung verlangt, dass Beschlüsse den Komiteestempel tragen.","sourceIds":["src.lev.photo.receipt","src.lev.nareda"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.731875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.vasil-levski.vasil-levski.s3-receipt","duration":32.853,"src":"/audio/de/vasil-levski/s3-receipt.9b025d64.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.lev.nareda"},{"id":"src.lev.notebook"},{"id":"src.lev.photo.receipt"},{"id":"src.lev.photo.accounts"}]},{"id":"vasil-levski.s4-republic","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Eine Republik auf dem Papier","body":"In einem 1871 veröffentlichten Schreiben verwendet Lewski die Worte „heilige und reine Republik“. Die Nareda erklärt die Republik als Volksherrschaft.\n\nDer Entwurf verspricht ein gemeinsames Gesetz und gleiche Rechte für Bulgaren, Türken, Juden und andere. 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Der Grund für die Abweichung bleibt ungeklärt.\n\nFür die Ursache gibt es verschiedene Erklärungen: eine Reihe von Fehlern oder eine vorherige Information über die Übernachtung. Für eine solche Information fehlt in den genannten Quellen ein Dokument. Sie beweisen keinen Verrat durch eine bestimmte Person. 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