{"version":2,"locale":"de","id":"story.vazov-under-the-yoke","hasFind":true,"slug":"vazov-under-the-yoke","url":"/de/stories/vazov-under-the-yoke/","topic":"Iwan Wasow","title":"Warum schreibt Wasow „Unter dem Joch“ fern der Heimat?","summary":"Wasow beginnt „Unter dem Joch“ in Odessa. Ein Familienessen und eine Schulprüfung führen uns nach Bjala Tscherkwa vor dem Aufstand. Später hilft der Roman beim Wiederaufbau seines Geburtshauses.","cover":{"title":"Warum schreibt Wasow „Unter dem Joch“ fern der Heimat?","subtitle":"Wasow schreibt in Odessa und erinnert sich an Sopot","hook":"Warum beginnt Wasow „Unter dem Joch“ in Odessa?","summary":"Wasow beginnt „Unter dem Joch“ in Odessa. Ein Familienessen und eine Schulprüfung führen uns nach Bjala Tscherkwa vor dem Aufstand. Später hilft der Roman beim Wiederaufbau seines Geburtshauses.","takeaway":"Wir können den Roman und das wiederaufgebaute Haus vergleichen: Beide nutzen Erinnerungen."},"sortYear":1894,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Wiedergeburt und Befreiung","dateLabel":"18.–19. Jahrhundert","eraShort":"Wiedergeburt","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Sopot und Odessa","date":"1887–1894","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-480.5007b5ff.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-1600.5007b5ff.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#6a5a49","h":2180,"w":1672,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","id":"asset.vaz.portrait-cutout","alt":"Freigestelltes Detail; Hintergrund entfernt. Iwan Wasow. Archivporträt, Datum unbekannt.","objectCaption":"Unter dem Joch","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archiv","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archiv","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter Urheber · Public domain · Staatliche Archivagentur Bulgariens / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Cut-out detail; background removed. Archival photograph","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Cut-out detail; background removed. Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-937K-1-410-7-Ivan_Vazov_(cropped).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s1-far-from-home","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Wasow schreibt fern der Heimat","body":"In Odessa beginnt Iwan Wasow einen Roman über die Menschen daheim. Es ist das Jahr 1887. Er lebt als politischer Emigrant dort: Er hat Bulgarien verlassen, weil Menschen mit seinen Überzeugungen verfolgt werden. Wasow befürwortet enge Beziehungen zu Russland. In Bulgarien wird damals heftig über diese Beziehungen gestritten.\n\nSpäter erzählt der Schriftsteller, wie schwer ihm die Trennung von der Heimat fällt. Beim Schreiben kehrt er in Gedanken zu den Höfen und Menschen von Sopot zurück. So beschreibt er selbst seine Inspiration. Es ist eine Erinnerung, die er Jahre nach der Arbeit festhält.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-480.0fedac15.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-1115.0fedac15.avif","w":1115}],"dominant":"#4a4538","h":1600,"w":1115,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.webp","id":"asset.vaz.portrait","alt":"Iwan Wasow. Archivporträt, Datum unbekannt.","objectCaption":"Unter dem Joch","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archiv","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archiv","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter Urheber · Public domain · Staatliche Archivagentur Bulgariens / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Processed image. Archival photograph","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Processed image. Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-937K-1-410-7-Ivan_Vazov_(cropped).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.537583333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s1-far-from-home","duration":30.635,"src":"/audio/de/vazov-under-the-yoke/s1-far-from-home.f6caef5d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s2-three-cities","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Sopot, Odessa und London","body":"Auf der Karte liegen drei Städte. Sopot ist Wasows Geburtsort. Odessa ist die Stadt des Exils, in der er den Roman beginnt. In London wird eine frühe englische Ausgabe erscheinen. Die Punkte zeigen ungefähr die Städte, keine Adressen von Zimmern oder Druckereien.\n\nIm Buch heißt der zentrale Ort Bjala Tscherkwa. Für ihn nutzt Wasow Erinnerungen an Sopot. Es ist eine literarische Welt, kein genauer Plan der wirklichen Stadt.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Wasows Geburtsstadt und Standort des wiederaufgebauten Hausmuseums.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vaz.sopot","name":"Sopot","latitude":42.653911,"longitude":24.755016,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2500,"sourceIds":["src.vaz.coord.sopot"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vaz.sopot","url":"/de/map/#vaz.sopot"},{"note":"Wasil Aprilow lebte in Odessa und unterstützte bulgarische Bildungsinitiativen, darunter die Schule von Gabrowo.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.odesa","name":"Odessa","latitude":46.4843023,"longitude":30.7322878,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa","src.gabrovo.gotovska-2024","src.gabrovo.osm","src.vaz.coord.odesa"],"radiusMeters":5000,"short":"Odessa","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.odesa","url":"/de/map/#gabrovo.odesa"},{"note":"Die Stadt der frühen englischen 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unterstützte bulgarische Bildungsinitiativen, darunter die Schule von Gabrowo.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.odesa","name":"Odessa","latitude":46.4843023,"longitude":30.7322878,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa","src.gabrovo.gotovska-2024","src.gabrovo.osm","src.vaz.coord.odesa"],"radiusMeters":5000,"short":"Odessa","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.odesa","url":"/de/map/#gabrovo.odesa","number":2,"x":91.86105,"y":57.61362,"inside":true,"viewX":91.86105,"viewY":57.61362},{"note":"Die Stadt der frühen englischen Ausgabe.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vaz.london","name":"London","latitude":51.507222222222,"longitude":-0.1275,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":20000,"sourceIds":["src.vaz.coord.london"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vaz.london","url":"/de/map/#vaz.london","number":3,"x":8.13895,"y":17.29088,"inside":true,"viewX":8.13895,"viewY":17.29088}],"extent":[-3.0784375,-2.6370158947628033,4.607473475,3.6742795491044715],"orientation":[{"name":"Sofia","kind":"town","x":71.757,"y":85.602,"viewX":71.757,"viewY":85.602},{"name":"Plowdiw","kind":"town","x":75.618,"y":89.61,"viewX":75.618,"viewY":89.61},{"name":"Warna","kind":"town","x":84.217,"y":81.89,"viewX":84.217,"viewY":81.89},{"name":"Burgas","kind":"town","x":82.99,"y":86.981,"viewX":82.99,"viewY":86.981},{"name":"Russe","kind":"town","x":78.929,"y":77.381,"viewX":78.929,"viewY":77.381},{"name":"Weliko 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Meer","kind":"nature","x":85.534,"y":84.152,"viewX":85.534,"viewY":84.152},{"name":"Balkangebirge","kind":"nature","x":75.767,"y":85.228,"viewX":75.767,"viewY":85.228},{"name":"Rila","kind":"nature","x":72.376,"y":89.648,"viewX":72.376,"viewY":89.648},{"name":"Pirin","kind":"nature","x":72.05,"y":92.335,"viewX":72.05,"viewY":92.335},{"name":"Rhodopen","kind":"nature","x":75.224,"y":93.392,"viewX":75.224,"viewY":93.392},{"name":"Strandscha","kind":"nature","x":83.363,"y":90.215,"viewX":83.363,"viewY":90.215}],"crop":{"sx":1,"sy":1,"x":0,"y":0},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":21.621125,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s2-three-cities","duration":21.717,"src":"/audio/de/vazov-under-the-yoke/s2-three-cities.6f11582d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"},{"id":"src.vaz.trendafilov2015"},{"id":"src.vaz.cas2007"},{"id":"src.vaz.coord.sopot"},{"id":"src.vaz.coord.odesa"},{"id":"src.vaz.coord.london"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s3-supper","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Markos Abendessen","body":"Die erste Szene des Romans zeigt ein Familienessen in Markos Hof. „Tschorbadschi“ ist eine alte Bezeichnung für einen wohlhabenden Mann. Auf Josef Oberbauers Zeichnung sehen wir versammelte Menschen, einen niedrigen Tisch und eine Laterne. Es ist eine Illustration aus dem Jahr 1894, keine Aufnahme eines wirklichen Abendessens.\n\nVon diesem Alltag führt uns der Roman zur Vorbereitung des Aprilaufstands. Das war ein Aufstand gegen die osmanische Herrschaft im Jahr 1876. Das Osmanische Reich war der Staat, der damals über diese Gebiete herrschte. Der historische Aufstand wurde niedergeschlagen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-480.66dca97e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-1600.66dca97e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#afb4b3","h":1488,"w":2119,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.webp","id":"asset.vaz.marko","alt":"Joseph Oberbauer: Marko und seine Familie, 1894. Illustration, keine Fotografie eines Ereignisses.","objectCaption":"Joseph Oberbauer: Marko und seine Familie, 1894. Illustration, keine Fotografie eines Ereignisses.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Zeichnung","kind":"artwork","visibleKind":"Zeichnung","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер); Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Illustration","attributionParts":[{"text":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер); Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Illustration","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-vaz-lantern","x":0.515,"y":0.443,"title":"Laterne","body":"Die Laterne ist über dem Tisch gezeichnet. Sie ist ein Detail der Illustration, kein erhaltener Gegenstand des Abendessens.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-table","x":0.515,"y":0.764,"title":"Niedriger Tisch","body":"Der Tisch versammelt die Familie. Der Roman beginnt mit Markos Abendessen im Hof.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.novel","src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-signature","x":0.782,"y":0.98,"title":"Unterschrift und Jahr","body":"Unten rechts stehen Oberbauers Unterschrift und die Jahreszahl 1894. Der Künstler zeigt eine Szene aus einem Roman.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":31.094875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s3-supper","duration":31.189,"src":"/audio/de/vazov-under-the-yoke/s3-supper.acdaefe4.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.cas2007"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s4-radas-classroom","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Wer hilft den verängstigten Kindern?","body":"Im Kapitel „Radas Aufregung“ führt die Lehrerin Rada ihre Schülerinnen zu einer Jahresprüfung vor Publikum. Steftschow stellt Fragen, die sie verwirren. Ognjanow ist eine Figur des Romans. Er greift ein und stellt verständlichere Fragen. Die Kinder können antworten.\n\nWir können die Szene so lesen: Unterstützung hilft Kindern, ihre Angst zu überwinden.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-480.cf9b0f28.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-1600.cf9b0f28.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#4e483d","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.webp","id":"asset.vaz.house02","alt":"Museale Anordnung mit Textilien und Gefäßen. Persönliche Gegenstände des Schriftstellers sind nicht nachgewiesen. Dies ist nicht Radas Klassenzimmer.","objectCaption":"Museale Anordnung mit Textilien und Gefäßen. Persönliche Gegenstände des Schriftstellers sind nicht nachgewiesen. Dies ist nicht Radas Klassenzimmer.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":18.022,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s4-radas-classroom","duration":18.133,"src":"/audio/de/vazov-under-the-yoke/s4-radas-classroom.3510da3e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.mon2023"},{"id":"src.vaz.nbu2020"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.house02"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.a1-picture","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Aufgabe: Was belegt die Zeichnung?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.vaz.picture","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Was ist das Bild des Familienessens?","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko","src.vaz.novel"],"items":[{"id":"opt-illustration","label":"Eine Illustration zum Roman."},{"id":"opt-photo","label":"Eine Fotografie von Markos wirklichem Abendessen.","whyWrong":"Die Zeichnung ist eine künstlerische Illustration, keine Fotografie."},{"id":"opt-school","label":"Eine Fotografie von Radas Prüfung.","whyWrong":"Zu sehen sind eine Familie und ein Tisch, keine Schulprüfung; das Bild ist eine Zeichnung."}],"explanation":"Oberbauer zeichnet eine literarische Szene. Signatur und Jahr stehen auf dem Bild.","correctItemId":"opt-illustration","sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.novel"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.545916666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"de_DE-thorsten-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.de.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.a1-picture","duration":2.645,"src":"/audio/de/vazov-under-the-yoke/a1-picture.d34e2040.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.novel"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s5-book-crosses-languages","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"Ein Buch mit zwei verschiedenen Jahreszahlen","body":"Der Roman erscheint 1889–1890 in Teilen. Wasow arbeitet auch nach seiner Rückkehr nach Bulgarien daran. Wegen Augenschmerzen diktiert er die Fortsetzung seinem Bruder Boris. 1894 veröffentlicht Tschipew das eigenständige bulgarische Buch.\n\nDas englische Buch erscheint in London bereits Ende 1893, trägt aber die Jahreszahl 1894. Übersetzungen bringen die Geschichte zu Menschen, die kein Bulgarisch lesen.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-480.741ea8ed.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-1397.741ea8ed.avif","w":1397}],"dominant":"#f4f4f4","h":2111,"w":1397,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.webp","id":"asset.vaz.title","alt":"Titelseite von „Unter dem Joch“, Sofia, 1894.","objectCaption":"Titelseite von „Unter dem Joch“, Sofia, 1894.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archiv","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archiv","creditLabels":{"title":"Abbildungen","source":"Quelle öffnen","full":"Vollständige Bildangabe"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unbekannter Urheber · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. 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