{"version":2,"locale":"el","id":"story.belogradchik-fortress","hasFind":true,"slug":"belogradchik-fortress","url":"/el/stories/belogradchik-fortress/","topic":"Φρούριο του Μπελογκραντσίκ","title":"Χωρικοί κοντά στο Μπελογκραντσίκ, 1850","summary":"Ρωμαϊκή οχύρωση, τα τείχη του Σρατσιμίρ και οθωμανικές πύλες. Το 1850 χωρικοί περικυκλώνουν το Μπελογκραντσίκ.","cover":{"title":"Χωρικοί κοντά στο Μπελογκραντσίκ, 1850","subtitle":"Το φρούριο του Μπελογκραντσίκ από τη Ρώμη έως την εξέγερση των χωρικών","hook":"Γιατί εξεγείρονται οι χωρικοί το 1850;","summary":"Ρωμαϊκή οχύρωση, τα τείχη του Σρατσιμίρ και οθωμανικές πύλες. Το 1850 χωρικοί περικυκλώνουν το Μπελογκραντσίκ.","takeaway":"Η διαμάχη για τη γη συνεχίζεται και μετά την καταστολή."},"sortYear":1850,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Αναγέννηση και Απελευθέρωση","dateLabel":"18ος–19ος αιώνας","eraShort":"Αναγέννηση","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Μπελογκραντσίκ","date":"1850","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-cutout-480.8dfbbc42.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-cutout-564.8dfbbc42.avif","w":564}],"dominant":"#8a7562","h":654,"w":564,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-cutout-564.8dfbbc42.webp","w":564}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-cutout-564.8dfbbc42.webp","id":"asset.bel.keystone-cutout","alt":"Αποκομμένη λεπτομέρεια· το φόντο αφαιρέθηκε. Λαξευμένο κλειδί της αψίδας, η πέτρα στο κέντρο που την κλείνει. Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία· η χρονολόγηση της πέτρας και η σημασία της διακόσμησης δεν έχουν εξακριβωθεί.","objectCaption":"Λαξευμένη πέτρα","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved keystone: the stone in the middle that closes the arch. Modern photograph; the stone’s date and the meaning of its decoration are not established. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved keystone: the stone in the middle that closes the arch. Modern photograph; the stone’s date and the meaning of its decoration are not established. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik-fortress-keystone.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.s1-gaps","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Τείχη ανάμεσα στους βράχους","body":"Ανάμεσα στους τεράστιους κοκκινωπούς βράχους κοντά στο Μπελογκραντσίκ υπάρχουν ανοίγματα. Οι κατασκευαστές τα κλείνουν με τείχη. Ο βράχος γίνεται μέρος του φράγματος.\n\nΤο τοπικό μουσείο τοποθετεί την πρώτη μικρή οχύρωση στον 1ο–3ο αιώνα, την εποχή της Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας. Βρίσκεται ανάμεσα σε δύο περάσματα από την οροσειρά του Αίμου. Πέρασμα είναι ένα σημείο από το οποίο μπορεί κανείς να διασχίσει το βουνό. Από την οχύρωση παρακολουθούν τη γύρω περιοχή.\n\nΟι αρχαιολόγοι βρίσκουν θεμέλια, κεραμικά, σιδερένιες αιχμές όπλων και ρωμαϊκά νομίσματα. Είναι ίχνη της πρώιμης χρήσης.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-480.165fe39c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-960.165fe39c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-1600.165fe39c.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#87978b","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-960.165fe39c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-gaps-960.165fe39c.webp","id":"asset.bel.gaps","alt":"Τείχη κλείνουν τα ανοίγματα ανάμεσα στους βράχους. Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία μετά από μετασκευές και εργασίες συντήρησης και αποκατάστασης.","objectCaption":"Τείχη κλείνουν τα ανοίγματα ανάμεσα στους βράχους. Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία μετά από μετασκευές και εργασίες συντήρησης και αποκατάστασης.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Elena Chochkova · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Walls close gaps between the rocks. Modern photograph after rebuilding and restoration. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Walls close gaps between the rocks. Modern photograph after rebuilding and restoration. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik_Fortress_E3.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.94,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.belogradchik-fortress.belogradchik-fortress.s1-gaps","duration":33.067,"src":"/audio/el/belogradchik-fortress/s1-gaps.ea1ae8ba.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.gaps"}]},{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.s2-sratsimir","number":2,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ο Σρατσιμίρ προσθέτει τείχη","body":"Τον 14ο αιώνα ο Ιβάν Σρατσιμίρ κυβερνά από το Βίντιν. Επεκτείνει και ενισχύει το παλιό φρούριο. Σύμφωνα με το μουσείο, τότε χτίζονται δύο τείχη που κλείνουν τα ανοίγματα. Ξύλινες γέφυρες και πέτρινες σκάλες βοηθούν τους υπερασπιστές να μετακινούνται.\n\nΟι στρατιώτες που μένουν για να φυλάνε ένα φρούριο ονομάζονται φρουρά. Η οχύρωση αλλάζει κυρίους. Στα τέλη του 14ου αιώνα την καταλαμβάνουν οι Οθωμανοί. Αφήνουν κι αυτοί φρουρά εδώ.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-480.2e152893.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-960.2e152893.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-1600.2e152893.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#81aaaf","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-960.2e152893.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-court-960.2e152893.webp","id":"asset.bel.court","alt":"Αυλή και βραχώδες φράγμα. Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία, όχι εικόνα της ρωμαϊκής εποχής.","objectCaption":"Αυλή και βραχώδες φράγμα. Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία, όχι εικόνα της ρωμαϊκής εποχής.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Elena Chochkova · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Courtyard and rock barrier. Modern photograph, not a Roman-period view. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Courtyard and rock barrier. Modern photograph, not a Roman-period view. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik_Fortress_E1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":23.036,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.belogradchik-fortress.belogradchik-fortress.s2-sratsimir","duration":23.125,"src":"/audio/el/belogradchik-fortress/s2-sratsimir.31acdb99.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.court"}]},{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.s3-rebuilt","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Μια πύλη για νέα όπλα","body":"Από το 1805 έως το 1837 το οθωμανικό φρούριο ανακατασκευάζεται εκτενώς. Σύμφωνα με το μουσείο, στην αρχή εργάζονται Γάλλοι μηχανικοί. Στο τέλος συμμετέχουν Ιταλοί τεχνίτες οχυρώσεων. Διαμορφώνονται τρεις αυλές με πύλες, μεγάλες δηλαδή εισόδους. Οι πόρτες ενισχύονται με σιδερένιες ταινίες.\n\nΥπάρχουν θέσεις για κανόνια και ανοίγματα από τα οποία βάλλουν. Στα υπόγεια φυλάσσονται τρόφιμα και πυρομαχικά, δηλαδή υλικά για τη βολή.\n\nΗ φωτογραφία δείχνει μια πέτρινη πύλη κάτω από τους ψηλούς βράχους.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-480.e326ea79.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-960.e326ea79.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-1600.e326ea79.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-2400.e326ea79.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#638b98","h":1483,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-960.e326ea79.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-portal-960.e326ea79.webp","id":"asset.bel.portal","alt":"Πύλη, τείχος και βράχοι. Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία ενός φρουρίου που έχει μετασκευαστεί και αποκατασταθεί.","objectCaption":"Πύλη, τείχος και βράχοι. Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία ενός φρουρίου που έχει μετασκευαστεί και αποκατασταθεί.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Yanko Malinov · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Yanko Malinov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Gateway, masonry and rocks. Modern photograph of a rebuilt and restored fortress. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Yanko Malinov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Gateway, masonry and rocks. Modern photograph of a rebuilt and restored fortress. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik_Fortress_Entrance.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-480.ba62475b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-960.ba62475b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-1503.ba62475b.avif","w":1503}],"dominant":"#6f614f","h":2248,"w":1503,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-960.ba62475b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bel-keystone-960.ba62475b.webp","id":"asset.bel.keystone","alt":"Λαξευμένο κλειδί της αψίδας, η πέτρα στο κέντρο που την κλείνει. Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία· η χρονολόγηση της πέτρας και η σημασία της διακόσμησης δεν έχουν εξακριβωθεί.","objectCaption":"Λαξευμένη πέτρα","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved keystone: the stone in the middle that closes the arch. Modern photograph; the stone’s date and the meaning of its decoration are not established. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Vassia Atanassova - Spiritia, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Carved keystone: the stone in the middle that closes the arch. Modern photograph; the stone’s date and the meaning of its decoration are not established. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belogradchik-fortress-keystone.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"hp-portal","x":0.545,"y":0.865,"title":"Χτιστή δίοδος","body":"Η πύλη είναι χτισμένη από επεξεργασμένες πέτρες. Αυτό δεν αποδεικνύει ότι η ορατή αψίδα είναι ρωμαϊκή.","sourceIds":["src.bel.museum.fortress","src.bel.photo.portal"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"hp-rock","x":0.718,"y":0.4,"title":"Φυσικό φράγμα","body":"Ο ψηλός βραχώδης όγκος αποτελεί μέρος του φράγματος. Οι κατασκευαστές αξιοποίησαν το έδαφος.","sourceIds":["src.bel.museum.fortress","src.bel.photo.portal"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"hp-wall","x":0.86,"y":0.795,"title":"Βράχος και τείχος","body":"Το πέτρινο τείχος συνεχίζει το φράγμα. Το φρούριο μετασκευάστηκε το 1805–1837 και αποκαταστάθηκε αργότερα.","sourceIds":["src.bel.museum.fortress","src.bel.museum.history","src.bel.photo.portal"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.62,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.belogradchik-fortress.belogradchik-fortress.s3-rebuilt","duration":28.715,"src":"/audio/el/belogradchik-fortress/s3-rebuilt.5e471f39.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.museum.history"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.portal"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.keystone"}]},{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.a1-wall","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Δραστηριότητα: τι προστατεύει το τείχος;","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.bel.wall","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Πώς χρησιμοποιούν οι κατασκευαστές τους βράχους;","sourceIds":["src.bel.museum.fortress","src.bel.photo.portal"],"items":[{"id":"o-gaps","label":"Κλείνουν τα ανοίγματα με τείχη."},{"id":"o-carve","label":"Λαξεύουν τους βράχους από λίθους τοιχοποιίας.","whyWrong":"Οι βράχοι είναι φυσικοί, ενώ το τείχος είναι από λαξευμένους λίθους."},{"id":"o-remove","label":"Αφαιρούν τους βράχους και χτίζουν σε επίπεδο έδαφος.","whyWrong":"Οι βραχώδεις όγκοι παραμένουν στη θέση τους και ενσωματώνονται στο φράγμα."}],"explanation":"Οι φυσικοί όγκοι και τα χτιστά τμήματα μαζί σχηματίζουν ένα φράγμα.","correctItemId":"o-gaps","sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.portal"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.452,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.belogradchik-fortress.belogradchik-fortress.a1-wall","duration":3.541,"src":"/audio/el/belogradchik-fortress/a1-wall.0e051bb6.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bel.museum.fortress"},{"id":"src.bel.photo.portal"}]},{"id":"belogradchik-fortress.s4-land","number":5,"kind":"map","title":"Η γη πέρα από τα τείχη","body":"Το 1850 ξεσπά η εξέγερση του Μπελογκραντσίκ στα βορειοδυτικά βουλγαρικά εδάφη της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας. Ο χάρτης συνδέει το Μπελογκραντσίκ με το Βίντιν. Συμμετέχουν και χωριά από την περιοχή του Λομ.\n\nΤι ζητούν οι χωρικοί; Μία από τις αιτίες είναι πιθανώς η διαμάχη για τη γη. Το καθεστώς του γκοσπονταρλίκ είναι ένα σύστημα στο οποίο οι γαιοκτήμονες λαμβάνουν εισόδημα και εργασία από τους χωρικούς. Οι χριστιανοί καλλιεργητές συναντούν εμπόδια στην απόκτηση της γης που καλλιεργούν. Η αγγαρεία σημαίνει υποχρεωτική εργασία για τον κύριο της γης.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Κατά προσέγγιση σύγχρονο σημείο αναφοράς. Δεν δείχνει ιστορικά σύνορα ή τόπο μάχης.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bel.fortress","name":"Φρούριο του Μπελογκραντσίκ","latitude":43.62333333,"longitude":22.67722222,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":150,"sourceIds":["src.bel.coords.fortress"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/places/belogradchik-fortress/","slug":"bel.fortress","url":"/el/map/#bel.fortress"},{"note":"Προσεγγιστικό σημείο αναφοράς· δεν οριοθετεί μεσαιωνικά σύνορα.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.vidin","name":"Βίντιν","latitude":43.98869,"longitude":22.874058,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-vidin","src.bel.coords.vidin","src.nik.coords.vidin"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vid.vidin","url":"/el/map/#vid.vidin"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Κατά προσέγγιση σύγχρονο σημείο αναφοράς. Δεν δείχνει ιστορικά σύνορα ή τόπο μάχης.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bel.fortress","name":"Φρούριο του Μπελογκραντσίκ","latitude":43.62333333,"longitude":22.67722222,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":150,"sourceIds":["src.bel.coords.fortress"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/places/belogradchik-fortress/","slug":"bel.fortress","url":"/el/map/#bel.fortress","number":1,"x":14.71528,"y":26.29568,"inside":true,"viewX":18.227959741935486,"viewY":33.70936526451614},{"note":"Προσεγγιστικό σημείο αναφοράς· δεν οριοθετεί μεσαιωνικά 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Πάτησε ένα συνδεδεμένο στοιχείο για αποσύνδεση.","player.moveDown":"Μετακίνηση κάτω","player.moveUp":"Μετακίνηση πάνω","player.nextDetail":"Επόμενη λεπτομέρεια","player.previousDetail":"Προηγούμενη λεπτομέρεια","player.related":"Σχετικές ιστορίες","player.scene %lld":"Μέρος %lld","player.sequenceHint":"Βάλτε τα από το παλαιότερο στο νεότερο.","player.showAll":"Εμφάνιση όλων","player.skip":"Παράλειψη","player.sources %lld":"Πηγές · %lld","player.summary %lld %lld":"Δραστηριότητες: %1$lld από %2$lld σωστές με την πρώτη","player.unpair":"Αποσύνδεση ζεύγους","player.vitrine":"Στα ευρήματα","sources.title":"Πηγές","story.listen":"Άκουσε","story.sceneCount %lld":{"one":"%lld σκηνή","other":"%lld σκηνές"},"story.start":"Έναρξη","answer.chosen":"Η απάντησή σας","answer.skipped":"Η δραστηριότητα παραλείφθηκε","answer.revealed":"Η απάντηση εμφανίστηκε","answer.correctOrder":"Σωστή σειρά","answer.correctPairs":"Σωστά ζεύγη","answer.yours.correct":"Η απάντησή σας · σωστή","answer.yours.incorrect":"Η απάντησή σας · λανθασμένη","audio.stop":"Διακοπή ακρόασης","Search.search.group.places":"Τόποι","Atlas.zoomIn":"Μεγέθυνση","Atlas.zoomOut":"Σμίκρυνση"},"promos":{"learn":{"icon":"/media/promo/learn-160.webp","name":"Μάθε βουλγαρικά","url":"https://bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/learn-bulgarian/"},"travel":{"icon":"/media/promo/travel-160.webp","name":"Οδηγός Βουλγαρίας","url":"https://bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/travel-guide-bulgaria/"}}}