{"version":2,"locale":"el","id":"story.melnik","hasFind":true,"slug":"melnik","url":"/el/stories/melnik/","topic":"Μελένικο","title":"Μελένικο: τείχη, άμμος και κρασί","summary":"Ένας δεσπότης κυβερνά από το Μελένικο. Αργότερα, σύμφωνα με τουριστικό φυλλάδιο, έμποροι εξάγουν κρασί. Ένας τοίχος, ένα βαρέλι και αμμώδεις πλαγιές μάς βοηθούν να διακρίνουμε όσα έχουν αποδειχθεί από τις υποθέσεις.","cover":{"title":"Μελένικο: τείχη, άμμος και κρασί","subtitle":"Από την πρωτεύουσα του Σλάβ στα βαρέλια του κρασιού","hook":"Τι μας λέει ένα βαρέλι από το Μελένικο;","summary":"Ένας δεσπότης κυβερνά από το Μελένικο. Αργότερα, σύμφωνα με τουριστικό φυλλάδιο, έμποροι εξάγουν κρασί. Ένας τοίχος, ένα βαρέλι και αμμώδεις πλαγιές μάς βοηθούν να διακρίνουμε όσα έχουν αποδειχθεί από τις υποθέσεις.","takeaway":"Το Μελένικο διατηρεί ίχνη από διαφορετικούς αιώνες. Δεν χρονολογείται κάθε παλιός τοίχος στην εποχή του Σλάβ και οι αμμώδεις πυραμίδες είναι φυσικοί σχηματισμοί."},"sortYear":1215,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Κύρια περίοδος: Δεύτερο Βουλγαρικό Βασίλειο","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"Κύρια περίοδος: Δεύτερο Βασίλειο","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Μελένικο","date":"13ος–19ος αι.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-480.3c4b7766.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-1600.3c4b7766.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-2400.3c4b7766.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#725e51","h":1905,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.facade-cutout","alt":"Αποκομμένη λεπτομέρεια· το φόντο αφαιρέθηκε. Η σωζόμενη πρόσοψη της οικίας του βογιάρου: πέτρινο κάτω μέρος, πλίνθινος διάκοσμος και ανοίγματα παραθύρων.","objectCaption":"Οικία του βογιάρου","caption":"","kindLabel":"Φωτογραφία","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Cut-out detail; background removed. Site today","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Cut-out detail; background removed. Site today","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_%27Byzantine_House%27,_Melnik_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"melnik.s1-small-town","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Το βαρέλι στο σπίτι του Κορδόπουλου","body":"Μπροστά σας βρίσκεται ένα τεράστιο ξύλινο βαρέλι, στο σπίτι του Κορδόπουλου στο Μελένικο. Το βαρέλι παραπέμπει στη δουλειά πολλών ανθρώπων. Τα σταφύλια πρέπει να τρυγηθούν, ο χυμός να γίνει κρασί και το κρασί να πουληθεί. Το βαρέλι είναι δοχείο αποθήκευσης. Σύμφωνα με το φυλλάδιο «Περιηγήσεις κρασιού στη Βουλγαρία», οι έμποροι χρησιμοποιούσαν άλλα δοχεία για τη μεταφορά. 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Το Μελένικο δεν γίνεται πρωτεύουσα ολόκληρου του βουλγαρικού κράτους. Ο Σλάβ φέρει τον τίτλο του δεσπότη, έναν υψηλό ηγεμονικό τίτλο.\n\nΠάνω από την πόλη βρίσκεται ένα ψηλό, επίπεδο μέρος, το οροπέδιο του Αγίου Νικολάου. Εκεί οι αρχαιολόγοι έχουν ερευνήσει μια οχυρωμένη κατοικία ηγεμόνων.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-480.523f1b8d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-1600.523f1b8d.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#68665a","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.overview","alt":"Άποψη από ψηλά προς τα ερείπια της οικίας του βογιάρου και τη σημερινή πόλη.","objectCaption":"Άποψη από ψηλά προς τα ερείπια της οικίας του βογιάρου και τη σημερινή πόλη.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Φωτογραφία","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. 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Κοιτάξτε τον τοίχο: πέτρες κάτω, πλίνθινα μοτίβα πάνω, ανοίγματα για παράθυρα. Το όνομά του δεν μας λέει ποιος έχτισε το κάθε τμήμα.\n\nΣύμφωνα με μια αρχαιολογική ερμηνεία, ο παλαιότερος πύργος μπορεί να ήταν κατοικία του Σλάβ. Το σπίτι προστέθηκε αργότερα. Υπάρχουν διαφορετικές απόψεις για την ηλικία του κτιρίου. Η ίδια η φωτογραφία δεν αποδεικνύει πότε χτίστηκε κάθε τμήμα.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-480.cb019e5d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-1600.cb019e5d.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-2400.cb019e5d.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#89898e","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.facade","alt":"Η σωζόμενη πρόσοψη της οικίας του βογιάρου: πέτρινο κάτω μέρος, πλίνθινος διάκοσμος και ανοίγματα παραθύρων.","objectCaption":"Οικία του βογιάρου","caption":"","kindLabel":"Φωτογραφία","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. 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Ο ορατός διάκοσμος δεν αποδεικνύει από μόνος του ποιος το έχτισε.","sourceIds":["src.mel.photo.bolyar-facade","src.mel.nesheva2009"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-window","x":0.535,"y":0.35,"title":"Άνοιγμα παραθύρου","body":"Στη σωζόμενη πρόσοψη φαίνεται ένα άνοιγμα με πλίνθινο τόξο. Εδώ βλέπουμε τα ερείπια σήμερα, όχι ένα ανακατασκευασμένο δωμάτιο.","sourceIds":["src.mel.photo.bolyar-facade","src.mel.nesheva2009"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.22,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.melnik.melnik.s3-bolyar","duration":28.331,"src":"/audio/el/melnik/s3-bolyar.a2cecaed.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2009"},{"id":"src.mel.dermendzhiev2020"}]},{"id":"melnik.a1-title","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Άσκηση: τι είναι ο δεσπότης","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.mel.title","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Τι σημαίνει «δεσπότης» για τον Σλάβ σε αυτή την ιστορία;","sourceIds":["src.mel.nesheva2008"],"items":[{"id":"opt-rank","label":"Υψηλός ηγεμονικός τίτλος."},{"id":"opt-wine","label":"Έμπορος κρασιού.","whyWrong":"Το εμπόριο ανήκει στο μεταγενέστερο μέρος της ιστορίας· ο δεσπότης είναι τίτλος."},{"id":"opt-monk","label":"Μοναχός που ζωγραφίζει εικόνες.","whyWrong":"Ο Σλάβ κυβερνά μια επικράτεια· δεν πρόκειται για μοναστηριακό αξίωμα."}],"explanation":"Είναι ο υψηλός τίτλος του ηγεμόνα.","correctItemId":"opt-rank","sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2008"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.596,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.melnik.melnik.a1-title","duration":3.712,"src":"/audio/el/melnik/a1-title.88f8fd70.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2008"}]},{"id":"melnik.s4-landscape","number":5,"kind":"map","title":"Το νερό σχηματίζει τις πυραμίδες","body":"Γύρω από το Μελένικο υψώνονται αμμώδεις πυραμίδες. Κανένας ηγεμόνας δεν τις έχτισε. Το νερό των ποταμών και της βροχής παρασύρει σωματίδια από τα εύθρυπτα πετρώματα. Ο ψαμμίτης είναι πέτρωμα από κόκκους άμμου. Έτσι το νερό διαμορφώνει τις απότομες πλαγιές. Μικρές νέες πυραμίδες συνεχίζουν να σχηματίζονται.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-480.3835e19e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-1600.3835e19e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#394140","h":1071,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.webp","id":"asset.mel.pyramids.karlanovo","alt":"Ανοιχτόχρωμες κορυφές από διάβρωση κοντά στο Καρλάνοβο, με βλάστηση στη βάση τους.","objectCaption":"Ανοιχτόχρωμες κορυφές από διάβρωση κοντά στο Καρλάνοβο, με βλάστηση στη βάση τους.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Φωτογραφία","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Dreamsdestroyer · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Dreamsdestroyer, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. 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