{"version":2,"locale":"el","id":"story.samuil-kleidion-1014","hasFind":true,"slug":"samuil-kleidion-1014","url":"/el/stories/samuil-kleidion-1014/","topic":"Σαμουήλ","title":"Σαμουήλ: πώς άντεξε σχεδόν σαράντα χρόνια","summary":"Μια πέτρινη επιγραφή διατηρεί τα ονόματα μιας οικογένειας. Σε ένα νόμισμα βλέπουμε τον Βασίλειο Β΄, αντίπαλο του Σαμουήλ. Η ήττα στο Κλειδί δεν σημαίνει το τέλος του κράτους.","cover":{"title":"Σαμουήλ: πώς άντεξε σχεδόν σαράντα χρόνια","subtitle":"Ο Σαμουήλ στις λίμνες και στον πόλεμο με τον Βασίλειο Β΄","hook":"Πώς άντεξε ο Σαμουήλ τόσο καιρό;","summary":"Μια πέτρινη επιγραφή διατηρεί τα ονόματα μιας οικογένειας. Σε ένα νόμισμα βλέπουμε τον Βασίλειο Β΄, αντίπαλο του Σαμουήλ. Η ήττα στο Κλειδί δεν σημαίνει το τέλος του κράτους.","takeaway":"Τα φρούρια και η μετακίνηση της βασιλικής αυλής πιθανότατα διευκολύνουν την αντίσταση. Το Βυζάντιο είναι επίσης απασχολημένο με εσωτερικούς πολέμους. Μετά την ήττα το 1014, το βουλγαρικό κράτος αντιστέκεται έως το 1018."},"sortYear":1014,"firstActivity":6,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom1","styleId":"tsardom1","sortOrder":5,"title":"Πρώτο Βουλγαρικό Βασίλειο","dateLabel":"681–1018","eraShort":"Πρώτο Βασίλειο","slug":"tsardom1","fill":"#A68A68","ink":"#221616","raised":"#B39C7F","dark":"#786546"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom1","placeShort":"Κλιουτς και Πρέσπα","date":"1014","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-cutout-480.d0246713.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-cutout-960.d0246713.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-cutout-1600.d0246713.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-cutout-2400.d0246713.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#928983","h":1316,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-cutout-960.d0246713.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-cutout-960.d0246713.webp","id":"asset.sam.inscription-plate-cutout","alt":"Αποκομμένη λεπτομέρεια· το φόντο αφαιρέθηκε. Ιστορική έντυπη αναπαραγωγή της πλάκας από τον Άγιο Γερμανό, με τρεις σταυρούς και σύντομη επιγραφή.","objectCaption":"Οικογενειακή επιγραφή","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Fyodor Uspensky · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Fyodor Uspensky / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Historical printed reproduction of the German slab with three crosses and a short inscription. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Fyodor Uspensky / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Historical printed reproduction of the German slab with three crosses and a short inscription. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SamuilUspenskyBGHistory.png","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"samuil-kleidion-1014.s1-long-resistance","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ο Σαμουήλ ηγείται στρατευμάτων","body":"Το 971 οι Βυζαντινοί καταλαμβάνουν την Πρεσλάβα, πρωτεύουσα του βουλγαρικού κράτους. Φαίνεται ότι μέρος των νοτιοδυτικών εδαφών παραμένει εκτός βυζαντινού ελέγχου. Ο Σαμουήλ και οι αδελφοί του αναλαμβάνουν τον αγώνα τα επόμενα χρόνια. Από το 976 περίπου έως τον θάνατό του το 1014 περνούν σχεδόν σαράντα χρόνια.\n\nΑντίπαλος είναι το Βυζάντιο: έτσι ονομάζουμε την Ανατολική Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία με πρωτεύουσα την Κωνσταντινούπολη. Αυτοκράτοράς της είναι ο Βασίλειος Β΄. Ο Σαμουήλ αρχικά ηγείται στρατευμάτων και αργότερα γίνεται τσάρος. 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Και η Πρέσπα είναι βασιλική έδρα, δηλαδή τόπος όπου ο ηγεμόνας ζει και κυβερνά. Εκεί υψώνεται ο μεγάλος ναός του Αγίου Αχιλλείου.\n\nΗ βασιλική αυλή περιλαμβάνει τον ηγεμόνα και όσους τον βοηθούν να κυβερνά. Πιθανότατα μπορούν να μετακινούνται ανάμεσα σε αυτά τα κέντρα όταν υπάρχει κίνδυνος.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-ohrid-480.ba55119c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-ohrid-960.ba55119c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-ohrid-1600.ba55119c.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#5a5b5a","h":904,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-ohrid-960.ba55119c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-sam-ohrid-960.ba55119c.webp","id":"asset.sam.ohrid","alt":"Σύγχρονη βραδινή άποψη των οχυρώσεων με φωτισμό και σύγχρονη σημαία. Δεν αναπαριστά τη μορφή τους επί Σαμουήλ.","objectCaption":"Σύγχρονη βραδινή άποψη των οχυρώσεων με φωτισμό και σύγχρονη σημαία. 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σταυροί και οικογενειακά ονόματα","body":"Στην πέτρα υπάρχουν τρεις σταυροί. Ο Σαμουήλ παραγγέλνει τη σύντομη επιγραφή δίπλα τους στη μνήμη αγαπημένων του προσώπων που πέθαναν. Είναι ο πατέρας του Νικόλαος, η μητέρα του Ριψιμία και ο αδελφός του Δαβίδ. Η επιγραφή χρονολογείται στο 992–993. Βρέθηκε στο χωριό Άγιος Γερμανός, κοντά στην Πρέσπα.\n\nΒλέπουμε μια εικόνα της πλάκας τυπωμένη το 1899. Η ίδια η πλάκα είναι μαρτυρία από την εποχή του Σαμουήλ.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-480.65e2ed23.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-960.65e2ed23.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-1600.65e2ed23.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-2400.65e2ed23.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#a7a7a7","h":1316,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-960.65e2ed23.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-sam-inscription-plate-960.65e2ed23.webp","id":"asset.sam.inscription-plate","alt":"Ιστορική έντυπη αναπαραγωγή της πλάκας από τον Άγιο Γερμανό, με τρεις σταυρούς και σύντομη επιγραφή.","objectCaption":"Οικογενειακή επιγραφή","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Fyodor Uspensky · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Fyodor Uspensky / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Historical printed reproduction of the German slab with three crosses and a short inscription. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Fyodor Uspensky / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Historical printed reproduction of the German slab with three crosses and a short inscription. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SamuilUspenskyBGHistory.png","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-sam-cross-left","x":0.24,"y":0.49,"title":"Σταυρός","body":"Ένας από τους τρεις σταυρούς που είναι χαραγμένοι στην πλάκα.","sourceIds":["src.sam.media.inscription-plate"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-sam-cross-middle","x":0.55,"y":0.47,"title":"Ο μεσαίος σταυρός","body":"Εδώ βλέπεις τον μεσαίο από τους τρεις σταυρούς. Δεν γνωρίζουμε αν κάθε σταυρός συνδέεται με συγκεκριμένο συγγενή.","sourceIds":["src.sam.media.inscription-plate"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-sam-writing","x":0.78,"y":0.75,"title":"Σύντομη επιγραφή","body":"Το κείμενο διατηρεί τη μνήμη του Νικολάου, της Ριψιμίας και του Δαβίδ. Το σημείο δείχνει την περιοχή του κειμένου, όχι συγκεκριμένο όνομα.","sourceIds":["src.sam.komatina","src.sam.pmbz-samuel"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[{"note":"Το χωριό κοντά στην Πρέσπα όπου βρέθηκε η οικογενειακή επιγραφή. Ο δείκτης είναι κατά προσέγγιση, όχι το ακριβές σημείο της ανασκαφής.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.sam.german","name":"Γερμανός — Άγιος Γερμανός","latitude":40.839256,"longitude":21.158974,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1000,"sourceIds":["src.sam.coords.german","src.sam.komatina"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"sam.german","url":"/el/map/#sam.german"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":25.724,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.samuil-kleidion-1014.samuil-kleidion-1014.s3-family-stone","duration":25.813,"src":"/audio/el/samuil-kleidion-1014/s3-family-stone.46039073.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.sam.komatina"},{"id":"src.sam.pmbz-samuel"},{"id":"src.sam.naim-exhibition"},{"id":"src.sam.media.inscription-plate"}]},{"id":"samuil-kleidion-1014.s4-coin-and-war","number":4,"kind":"artifact","title":"Δύο αυτοκράτορες σε ένα νόμισμα","body":"Στο χρυσό νόμισμα απεικονίζονται ο Βασίλειος Β΄ και ο Κωνσταντίνος Η΄. Είναι και οι δύο αυτοκράτορες. Ανάμεσά τους υπάρχει ένας σταυρός. Πρόκειται για ένα μικρό αντικείμενο από το αντίπαλο κράτος, όχι για βουλγαρικό νόμισμα του Σαμουήλ.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-coin-480.d55e5ff7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-coin-960.d55e5ff7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-coin-1600.d55e5ff7.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#d7b775","h":1131,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-coin-960.d55e5ff7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-sam-coin-960.d55e5ff7.webp","id":"asset.sam.coin","alt":"Οι δύο όψεις ενός χρυσού νομίσματος, περίπου 1005–1025. Αριστερά ο Χριστός, δεξιά οι δύο αυτοκράτορες με σταυρό.","objectCaption":"Οι δύο όψεις ενός χρυσού νομίσματος, περίπου 1005–1025. Αριστερά ο Χριστός, δεξιά οι δύο αυτοκράτορες με σταυρό.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","attribution":"Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 2.5. Both sides of one gold coin, circa 1005–1025. Christ at left; the two emperors with a cross at right. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 2.5. Both sides of one gold coin, circa 1005–1025. Christ at left; the two emperors with a cross at right. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Histamenon_of_Basil_II_%26_Constantine_VIII.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-sam-christ","x":0.25,"y":0.51,"title":"Η εμπρόσθια όψη","body":"Η μορφή αριστερά είναι ο Χριστός, όχι τρίτος αυτοκράτορας.","sourceIds":["src.sam.media.coin"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-sam-basil","x":0.65,"y":0.53,"title":"Βασίλειος Β΄","body":"Ο Βασίλειος βρίσκεται αριστερά από τον σταυρό. Δεξιά είναι ο Κωνσταντίνος Η΄. Και οι δύο φέρουν ταυτόχρονα τον αυτοκρατορικό τίτλο.","sourceIds":["src.sam.media.coin"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-sam-coin-cross","x":0.76,"y":0.34,"title":"Σταυρός ανάμεσα στους ηγεμόνες","body":"Οι δύο αυτοκράτορες κρατούν έναν μακρύ σταυρό. Η φωτογραφία δείχνει τις δύο όψεις ενός αντικειμένου.","sourceIds":["src.sam.media.coin"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":12.972,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.samuil-kleidion-1014.samuil-kleidion-1014.s4-coin-and-war","duration":13.099,"src":"/audio/el/samuil-kleidion-1014/s4-coin-and-war.5c9d7663.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.sam.media.coin"},{"id":"src.sam.ziemann"},{"id":"src.sam.pmbz-samuel"},{"id":"src.sam.stephenson2008"}]},{"id":"samuil-kleidion-1014.s7-basil-in-pass","number":5,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ο στρατός του Βασιλείου στο πέρασμα","body":"Ο πόλεμος φέρνει νίκες και ήττες και στις δύο πλευρές. Το 986 οι Βούλγαροι συντρίβουν τον στρατό του Βασιλείου στις Πύλες του Τραϊανού. Ένα ορεινό πέρασμα είναι ένας στενός δρόμος ανάμεσα σε υψώματα. Ένα τέτοιο μέρος μπορεί να δυσκολέψει έναν μεγάλο στρατό. Αργότερα οι Βυζαντινοί καταλαμβάνουν φρούρια και πόλεις. Επιθέσεις εξαπολύει και ο Σαμουήλ.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Η περιοχή του περάσματος που συνδέεται με τη νίκη του 986.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.sam.trajan-gates","name":"Πύλες του Τραϊανού","latitude":42.35611111,"longitude":23.91833333,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1500,"sourceIds":["src.sam.coords.trajan-gates","src.sam.ziemann"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/place/#gate-of-trajan","slug":"sam.trajan-gates","url":"/el/map/#sam.trajan-gates"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":19.772,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.samuil-kleidion-1014.samuil-kleidion-1014.s7-basil-in-pass","duration":19.883,"src":"/audio/el/samuil-kleidion-1014/s7-basil-in-pass.6dcebc1a.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.sam.ziemann"},{"id":"src.sam.pmbz-samuel"}]},{"id":"samuil-kleidion-1014.a1-coin","number":6,"kind":"activity","title":"Δραστηριότητα: σε ποιους ανήκει το νόμισμα","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.sam.story-coin","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Ποιοι δύο ηγεμόνες απεικονίζονται μαζί στο νόμισμα;","sourceIds":["src.sam.media.coin"],"items":[{"id":"opt-sam-david","label":"Ο Σαμουήλ και ο Δαβίδ","whyWrong":"Τα ονόματά τους συνδέονται με την οικογενειακή επιγραφή, όχι με αυτό το νόμισμα."},{"id":"opt-basil-constantine","label":"Ο Βασίλειος Β΄ και ο Κωνσταντίνος Η΄"},{"id":"opt-sam-basil","label":"Ο Σαμουήλ και ο Βασίλειος Β΄","whyWrong":"Ο δεύτερος ηγεμόνας στο νόμισμα είναι ο Κωνσταντίνος Η΄, όχι ο αντίπαλος του Βασιλείου."}],"explanation":"Πρόκειται για βυζαντινό νόμισμα με τους δύο αυτοκράτορες Βασίλειο Β΄ και Κωνσταντίνο Η΄.","correctItemId":"opt-basil-constantine","sources":[{"id":"src.sam.media.coin"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.164,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.samuil-kleidion-1014.samuil-kleidion-1014.a1-coin","duration":3.285,"src":"/audio/el/samuil-kleidion-1014/a1-coin.cab4885d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.sam.media.coin"}]},{"id":"samuil-kleidion-1014.s5-kleidion","number":7,"kind":"narrative","title":"Στρατιώτες παρακάμπτουν το φράγμα","body":"Το 1014 ο Σαμουήλ φράζει τον δρόμο στο Κλειδί, κοντά στο σημερινό χωριό Κλιουτς και το όρος Μπέλες. Ο βυζαντινός στρατηγός Νικηφόρος Ξιφίας παρακάμπτει την άμυνα. Οι στρατιώτες του επιτίθενται στους Βουλγάρους από τα νώτα. Ο βουλγαρικός στρατός συντρίβεται· η συνήθης χρονολόγηση είναι η 29η Ιουλίου.\n\nΣύμφωνα με μια μεταγενέστερη αφήγηση, ο Βασίλειος διατάζει να τυφλωθούν αιχμάλωτοι στρατιώτες. Δεν γνωρίζουμε με βεβαιότητα πόσοι υπέφεραν και αν όλα έγιναν έτσι. Σύμφωνα με την ίδια αφήγηση, ο γιος του Σαμουήλ, Γαβριήλ Ραδομήρος, τον βοηθά να διαφύγει.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-belasitsa-480.9934324e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-belasitsa-960.9934324e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-belasitsa-1600.9934324e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#798a86","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-belasitsa-960.9934324e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-sam-belasitsa-960.9934324e.webp","id":"asset.sam.belasitsa","alt":"Σύγχρονο τοπίο του βουνού από την πλευρά της Κερκίνης. Δεν δείχνει το πεδίο της μάχης ή την ακριβή διαδρομή της παράκαμψης.","objectCaption":"Σύγχρονο τοπίο του βουνού από την πλευρά της Κερκίνης. Δεν δείχνει το πεδίο της μάχης ή την ακριβή διαδρομή της παράκαμψης.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Anton Lefterov · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Anton Lefterov / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern landscape of the mountains seen from Kerkini. It does not show the battlefield or the exact flanking route. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Anton Lefterov / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern landscape of the mountains seen from Kerkini. It does not show the battlefield or the exact flanking route. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:View_of_Belasica_mountain_range_from_Lake_Kerkini.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Περιοχή κατά προσέγγιση, όχι η ακριβής θέση του φράγματος.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.sam.kleidion","name":"Κλειδίον — περιοχή του Κλιουτς","latitude":41.36222222222222,"longitude":23.0175,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":5000,"sourceIds":["src.sam.coords.kleidion","src.sam.ziemann"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"sam.kleidion","url":"/el/map/#sam.kleidion"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.436,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.samuil-kleidion-1014.samuil-kleidion-1014.s5-kleidion","duration":29.525,"src":"/audio/el/samuil-kleidion-1014/s5-kleidion.5ed830ba.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.sam.naim-catalogue"},{"id":"src.sam.pmbz-xiphias"},{"id":"src.sam.lykaki"},{"id":"src.sam.ziemann"},{"id":"src.sam.stephenson2000"},{"id":"src.sam.stephenson2008"},{"id":"src.sam.skylitzes"},{"id":"src.sam.media.belasitsa"}]},{"id":"samuil-kleidion-1014.a2-timeline","number":8,"kind":"activity","title":"Δραστηριότητα: βάλτε τα γεγονότα στη σειρά","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.sam.story-timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Βάλτε πρώτο το παλαιότερο γεγονός.","sourceIds":["src.sam.ziemann","src.sam.komatina"],"items":[{"id":"ev-gates","label":"Νίκη στις Πύλες του Τραϊανού"},{"id":"ev-stone","label":"Η οικογενειακή επιγραφή"},{"id":"ev-kleidion","label":"Ήττα στο Κλειδί"}],"explanation":"Η νίκη του 986 προηγείται της επιγραφής, ενώ η μάχη του 1014 ακολουθεί.","correctOrderIds":["ev-gates","ev-stone","ev-kleidion"],"sources":[{"id":"src.sam.ziemann"},{"id":"src.sam.komatina"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.908,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.samuil-kleidion-1014.samuil-kleidion-1014.a2-timeline","duration":3.029,"src":"/audio/el/samuil-kleidion-1014/a2-timeline.3fb1389a.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.sam.ziemann"},{"id":"src.sam.komatina"}]},{"id":"samuil-kleidion-1014.s6-after-samuil","number":9,"kind":"narrative","title":"Οι διάδοχοι συνεχίζουν τον πόλεμο","body":"Ο Σαμουήλ πεθαίνει το φθινόπωρο του 1014. Ο πόλεμος συνεχίζεται. Μετά τον Σαμουήλ κυβερνά ο γιος του, Γαβριήλ Ραδομήρος. Έπειτα τον σκοτώνει ο εξάδελφός του Ιβάν Βλαδισλάβ και καταλαμβάνει τον θρόνο.\n\nΟ Ιβάν Βλαδισλάβ σκοτώνεται σε επίθεση κατά της πόλης του Δυρραχίου το 1018. Στη συνέχεια πολλοί Βούλγαροι στρατιωτικοί διοικητές αναγνωρίζουν την εξουσία του Βασιλείου. Το Πρώτο βουλγαρικό κράτος χάνει την ανεξαρτησία του. Μια χαμένη μάχη και το τέλος του κράτους είναι διαφορετικά γεγονότα.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-480.389b093b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-960.389b093b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-1600.389b093b.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#605c5a","h":900,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-960.389b093b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-960.389b093b.webp","id":"asset.sam.bitola","alt":"Η επιγραφή του Μοναστηρίου σε πλάκα χωρισμένη σε δύο μεγάλα τμήματα, σε μουσειακή προθήκη. Συνήθως συνδέεται με τον Ιβάν Βλαδισλάβ.","objectCaption":"Η επιγραφή του Μοναστηρίου σε πλάκα χωρισμένη σε δύο μεγάλα τμήματα, σε μουσειακή προθήκη. Συνήθως συνδέεται με τον Ιβάν Βλαδισλάβ.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Протогер · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Протогер / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. The Bitola inscription on a slab in two large pieces, in a museum case. Usually associated with Ivan Vladislav. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Протогер / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. The Bitola inscription on a slab in two large pieces, in a museum case. Usually associated with Ivan Vladislav. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bitola_Inscription,_Museum_of_Bitola.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-copy-480.160c97f6.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-copy-960.160c97f6.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-copy-1600.160c97f6.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#c4bb92","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-copy-960.160c97f6.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-sam-bitola-copy-960.160c97f6.webp","id":"asset.sam.bitola-copy","alt":"Μαρμάρινο μουσειακό αντίγραφο της επιγραφής του Μοναστηρίου στη Σόφια, όχι η πρωτότυπη πλάκα.","objectCaption":"Μαρμάρινο μουσειακό αντίγραφο της επιγραφής του Μοναστηρίου στη Σόφια, όχι η πρωτότυπη πλάκα.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Φωτογραφία","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Bin im Garten · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Bin im Garten / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. Museum copy of the Bitola inscription. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Bin im Garten / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. Museum copy of the Bitola inscription. 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