{"version":2,"locale":"el","id":"story.tsarevets-1393","hasFind":true,"slug":"tsarevets-1393","url":"/el/stories/tsarevets-1393/","topic":"Τσάρεβετς, Τάρνοβο","title":"Πώς έπεσε η πρωτεύουσα το 1393;","summary":"Από το παλάτι ο τσάρος κυβερνά το κράτος. Ο πατριάρχης, επικεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας, διευθύνει την εκκλησιαστική ζωή. Ακολουθούν ο αιχμάλωτος Βαλδουίνος, η οθωμανική πολιορκία και η εξορία του Ευθυμίου. Πώς ξεχωρίζουμε τα ερείπια, τις ανακατασκευές και τις παραδόσεις;","cover":{"title":"Πώς έπεσε η πρωτεύουσα το 1393;","subtitle":"Το παλάτι και η πολιορκία του Τάρνοβο","hook":"Τι συμβαίνει πίσω από αυτά τα τείχη;","summary":"Από το παλάτι ο τσάρος κυβερνά το κράτος. Ο πατριάρχης, επικεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας, διευθύνει την εκκλησιαστική ζωή. Ακολουθούν ο αιχμάλωτος Βαλδουίνος, η οθωμανική πολιορκία και η εξορία του Ευθυμίου. Πώς ξεχωρίζουμε τα ερείπια, τις ανακατασκευές και τις παραδόσεις;","takeaway":"Το Τσάρεβετς είναι κέντρο κρατικής και εκκλησιαστικής εξουσίας. Για την πτώση του βασιζόμαστε σε διαφορετικές μαρτυρίες· η ανακατασκευή και ο θρύλος δεν αντικαθιστούν την απόδειξη."},"sortYear":1393,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Δεύτερο Βουλγαρικό Βασίλειο","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"Δεύτερο Βασίλειο","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Τάρνοβο","date":"1393","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-480.09402835.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-960.09402835.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-1112.09402835.avif","w":1112}],"dominant":"#7c6453","h":1268,"w":1112,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-960.09402835.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-960.09402835.webp","id":"asset.tsa.cathedral-cutout","alt":"Αποκομμένη φωτογραφία του ναού που ανακατασκευάστηκε το 1981· δεν είναι σωζόμενο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο.","objectCaption":"Αναστηλωμένος ναός","caption":"Ο πατριαρχικός ναός της Αναλήψεως, αναστηλωμένος το 1981. Η φωτογραφία δείχνει ανακατασκευή, όχι ανέπαφο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patriarchal_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Ascension_of_God_Veliko_Tarnovo_Klearchos_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"tsarevets-1393.s1-capital","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Το παλάτι στο Τσάρεβετς","body":"Στα τέλη του δωδέκατου αιώνα το Τάρνοβο γίνεται πρωτεύουσα του ανασυσταθέντος βουλγαρικού τσαράτου. Τσαράτο είναι ένα κράτος που κυβερνάται από τσάρο. Για περισσότερους από δύο αιώνες εδώ αποφασίζονται ζητήματα εξουσίας και εκκλησίας. Όμως η πρωτεύουσα δεν είναι μόνο ένα κάστρο. Περιλαμβάνει αρκετούς λόφους και συνοικίες κατά μήκος του ποταμού Γιάντρα.\n\nΣτο Τσάρεβετς υψώνονται το παλάτι και τα κτίρια του επικεφαλής της εκκλησίας. Στον λόφο υπάρχουν και κατοικίες. Τα ψηλά τείχη της φωτογραφίας περιλαμβάνουν ανακατασκευασμένα τμήματα. Τι περιέκλειαν;","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-panorama-480.b7570940.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-panorama-960.b7570940.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-panorama-1600.b7570940.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#929e97","h":456,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-panorama-960.b7570940.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tsa-panorama-960.b7570940.webp","id":"asset.tsa.panorama","alt":"Πράσινος λόφος με τείχη και εκκλησία στην κορυφή.","objectCaption":"Γενική άποψη του λόφου· τα ψηλά τείχη και η εκκλησία που φαίνονται περιλαμβάνουν αναστηλωμένα μέρη.","caption":"Γενική άποψη του λόφου· τα ψηλά τείχη και η εκκλησία που φαίνονται περιλαμβάνουν αναστηλωμένα μέρη.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: www.vacacionesbulgaria.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Overview of the hill; the visible tall walls and church include reconstructions. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Overview of the hill; the visible tall walls and church include reconstructions. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets-Panorama.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.3,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.s1-capital","duration":30.421,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/s1-capital.756dae80.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.museum"},{"id":"src.tsa.rabovyanov2020"},{"id":"src.tsa.photo.panorama"},{"id":"src.tsa.restoration"}]},{"id":"tsarevets-1393.s2-hill","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Ένα ποτάμι κάτω από τα τείχη","body":"Ο Γιάντρας ελίσσεται κάτω από τις απότομες πλαγιές του Τσάρεβετς. Σύμφωνα με το μουσείο, αυτή η προστατευμένη θέση βοήθησε τον λόφο να γίνει κέντρο διοίκησης. Δεν έκανε όμως το φρούριο απόρθητο.\n\nΣτο εσωτερικό, το παλάτι του τσάρου έχει δικό του τείχος και πύργους. Διαθέτει αίθουσα με τον θρόνο του τσάρου, δωμάτια κατοικίας και γραφεία. Στα γραφεία οι υπάλληλοι ετοιμάζουν κρατικά έγγραφα. Ψηλότερα βρίσκονται τα κτίρια του πατριάρχη, επικεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-river-480.c4e5fe95.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-river-960.c4e5fe95.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-river-1063.c4e5fe95.avif","w":1063}],"dominant":"#808279","h":1600,"w":1063,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-river-960.c4e5fe95.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tsa-river-960.c4e5fe95.webp","id":"asset.tsa.river","alt":"Ποταμός κάτω από μια απότομη πράσινη πλαγιά, με γέφυρα και τείχη πιο ψηλά.","objectCaption":"Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία του Γιάντρα κάτω από το Τσάρεβετς. Η γέφυρα και οι αναστηλωμένες τοιχοποιίες δεν δείχνουν την όψη του 1393.","caption":"Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία του Γιάντρα κάτω από το Τσάρεβετς. Η γέφυρα και οι αναστηλωμένες τοιχοποιίες δεν δείχνουν την όψη του 1393.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Андрей Романенко · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Андрей Романенко, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Present-day photograph of the Yantra below Tsarevets. The bridge and reconstructed masonry do not show the appearance in 1393. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Андрей Романенко, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Present-day photograph of the Yantra below Tsarevets. The bridge and reconstructed masonry do not show the appearance in 1393. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets_Veliko_Tarnovo_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ο λόφος με το ανάκτορο και τα κτίρια του πατριάρχη, κεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.tsa.tsarevets","name":"Τσάρεβετς, Τάρνοβο","latitude":43.0833,"longitude":25.6528,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1000,"sourceIds":["src.tsa.coords.q512147","src.tsa.museum"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/places/tsarevets/","slug":"tsa.tsarevets","url":"/el/map/#tsa.tsarevets"},{"note":"Αναστηλωμένος πύργος. Μια παλιά αφήγηση τον συνδέει με τον αιχμάλωτο Βαλδουίνο· η θέση της φυλακής δεν έχει αποδειχθεί.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.tsa.baldwin-tower","name":"Πύργος του Βαλδουίνου","latitude":43.08083333,"longitude":25.65305556,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":50,"sourceIds":["src.tsa.coords.q4850503","src.tsa.tower-tradition","src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"tsa.baldwin-tower","url":"/el/map/#tsa.baldwin-tower"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Ο λόφος με το ανάκτορο και τα κτίρια του πατριάρχη, κεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.tsa.tsarevets","name":"Τσάρεβετς, Τάρνοβο","latitude":43.0833,"longitude":25.6528,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1000,"sourceIds":["src.tsa.coords.q512147","src.tsa.museum"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/places/tsarevets/","slug":"tsa.tsarevets","url":"/el/map/#tsa.tsarevets","number":1,"x":51.91,"y":40.65217,"inside":true,"viewX":49.99802425806452,"viewY":49.958151216129025},{"note":"Αναστηλωμένος πύργος. Μια παλιά αφήγηση τον συνδέει με τον αιχμάλωτο Βαλδουίνο· η θέση της φυλακής δεν έχει αποδειχθεί.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.tsa.baldwin-tower","name":"Πύργος του Βαλδουίνου","latitude":43.08083333,"longitude":25.65305556,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":50,"sourceIds":["src.tsa.coords.q4850503","src.tsa.tower-tradition","src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"tsa.baldwin-tower","url":"/el/map/#tsa.baldwin-tower","number":2,"x":51.91319,"y":40.71746,"inside":true,"viewX":58.99802425806452,"viewY":55.958151216129025}],"extent":[0,0,1,1],"orientation":[{"name":"Σόφια","kind":"town","x":22.774,"y":50.826,"viewX":13.906979096774192,"viewY":63.0003449},{"name":"Φιλιππούπολη","kind":"town","x":40.566,"y":65.549,"viewX":35.94610167741936,"viewY":81.87428102903226},{"name":"Βάρνα","kind":"town","x":80.184,"y":37.187,"viewX":85.02130167741936,"viewY":45.51602683548386},{"name":"Μπουργκάς","kind":"town","x":74.532,"y":55.892,"viewX":78.02011458064516,"viewY":69.49463006129034},{"name":"Ρούσε","kind":"town","x":55.821,"y":20.617,"viewX":54.842617806451614,"viewY":24.27435586774193},{"name":"Βέλικο Τάρνοβο","kind":"town","x":51.465,"y":40.853,"viewX":49.44679845161291,"viewY":50.215602319354836},{"name":"Πλέβεν","kind":"town","x":38.834,"y":31.796,"viewX":33.80065651612904,"viewY":38.60511264193548},{"name":"Στάρα Ζαγόρα","kind":"town","x":51.681,"y":57.962,"viewX":49.71435974193548,"viewY":72.14823651290324},{"name":"Σούμεν","kind":"town","x":67.951,"y":35.671,"viewX":69.86816619354839,"viewY":43.57261264193548},{"name":"Βίντιν","kind":"town","x":17.099,"y":16.308,"viewX":6.877301677419354,"viewY":18.75049586774193},{"name":"Μπλαγκόεβγκραντ","kind":"town","x":19.929,"y":68.531,"viewX":10.382850064516127,"viewY":85.69701264193552},{"name":"Χάσκοβο","kind":"town","x":50.694,"y":70.78,"viewX":48.491753290322585,"viewY":88.5800855451613},{"name":"Σμόλιαν","kind":"town","x":40.014,"y":80.031,"viewX":35.26233393548387,"viewY":100.43927070645165},{"name":"Σλίβεν","kind":"town","x":60.286,"y":51.247,"viewX":60.37345651612904,"viewY":63.54003973870967},{"name":"Ντόμπριτς","kind":"town","x":79.091,"y":27.65,"viewX":83.66739199999999,"viewY":33.290208125806444},{"name":"Πέρνικ","kind":"town","x":19.223,"y":53.257,"viewX":9.508321032258062,"viewY":66.11673006129033},{"name":"Γιάμπολ","kind":"town","x":62.544,"y":56.432,"viewX":63.170462967741926,"viewY":70.18687522258065},{"name":"Πάζαρτζικ","kind":"town","x":35.42,"y":64.052,"viewX":29.571701677419355,"viewY":79.95522360967743},{"name":"Βράτσα","kind":"town","x":25.661,"y":37.29,"viewX":17.48313393548387,"viewY":45.64806619032258},{"name":"Γκάμπροβο","kind":"town","x":47.734,"y":46.177,"viewX":44.825172645161295,"viewY":57.04062683548388},{"name":"Κάρτζαλι","kind":"town","x":48.471,"y":78.573,"viewX":45.73810167741935,"viewY":98.57020877096774},{"name":"Κιουστεντίλ","kind":"town","x":14.889,"y":61.673,"viewX":4.139753290322579,"viewY":76.9054990935484},{"name":"Μοντάνα","kind":"town","x":21.563,"y":31.916,"viewX":12.406901677419352,"viewY":38.758944899999996},{"name":"Λόβετς","kind":"town","x":40.178,"y":39.23,"viewX":35.46548232258064,"viewY":48.13502102903225},{"name":"Σιλίστρα","kind":"town","x":72.008,"y":13.056,"viewX":74.89361135483871,"viewY":14.581641674193538},{"name":"Ταργκόβιστε","kind":"town","x":63.402,"y":36.202,"viewX":64.23327587096774,"viewY":44.253320383870964},{"name":"Ράζγκραντ","kind":"town","x":62.709,"y":28.698,"viewX":63.37485006451614,"viewY":34.63367651290322},{"name":"Καζανλάκ","kind":"town","x":48.661,"y":52.884,"viewX":45.97345651612903,"viewY":65.63856812580646},{"name":"Δούναβης","kind":"nature","x":46.384,"y":23.924,"viewX":43.15291458064516,"viewY":28.51371651290322},{"name":"Μαύρη Θάλασσα","kind":"nature","x":86.25,"y":45.496,"viewX":92.53531458064516,"viewY":56.167628770967745},{"name":"Αίμος","kind":"nature","x":41.25,"y":49.45,"viewX":36.793379096774196,"viewY":61.23640167419355},{"name":"Ρίλα","kind":"nature","x":25.625,"y":65.69,"viewX":17.438540387096772,"viewY":82.05503393225804},{"name":"Πίριν","kind":"nature","x":24.125,"y":75.565,"viewX":15.580475870967742,"viewY":94.71414683548387},{"name":"Ροδόπη","kind":"nature","x":38.75,"y":79.447,"viewX":33.696604903225804,"viewY":99.69062038387099},{"name":"Στράντζα","kind":"nature","x":76.25,"y":67.774,"viewX":80.14821780645161,"viewY":84.72658748064518}],"crop":{"sx":0.8072916666666666,"sy":0.7800704579768494,"x":0.11547011666666668,"y":0.016812921011575332},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":24.94,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.s2-hill","duration":25.045,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/s2-hill.96211e77.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.museum"},{"id":"src.tsa.kiel2012"},{"id":"src.tsa.coords.q512147"},{"id":"src.tsa.coords.q4850503"},{"id":"src.tsa.photo.river"}]},{"id":"tsarevets-1393.s3-patriarch","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Βιβλία κοντά στον πατριάρχη","body":"Ο πατριάρχης είναι ο επικεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας. Το συγκρότημά του, μια ομάδα συνδεδεμένων κτιρίων, έχει βιβλιοθήκη και γραφείο αντιγραφής. Εκεί τα βιβλία αντιγράφονται με το χέρι.\n\nΣτη μέση της αυλής βρίσκεται ο ναός της Αναλήψεως του Κυρίου. Βλέπουμε την ανακατασκευασμένη εκκλησία. Η φωτογραφία από μόνη της δεν μπορεί να δείξει ποια βιβλία υπήρχαν στη βιβλιοθήκη.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-480.56bcc16e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-960.56bcc16e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-1600.56bcc16e.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-2400.56bcc16e.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#818184","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-960.56bcc16e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-960.56bcc16e.webp","id":"asset.tsa.cathedral","alt":"Αναστηλωμένος ναός με τρούλο και ψηλό καμπαναριό στα δεξιά.","objectCaption":"Αναστηλωμένος ναός","caption":"Ο πατριαρχικός ναός της Αναλήψεως, αναστηλωμένος το 1981. Η φωτογραφία δείχνει ανακατασκευή, όχι ανέπαφο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patriarchal_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Ascension_of_God_Veliko_Tarnovo_Klearchos_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-tower","x":0.594,"y":0.439,"title":"Καμπαναριό","body":"Ο ψηλός πύργος με τις καμπάνες αποτελεί μέρος του ναού που αναστηλώθηκε το 1981.","sourceIds":["src.tsa.museum","src.tsa.restoration","src.tsa.photo.cathedral"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-dome","x":0.491,"y":0.414,"title":"Τρούλος","body":"Ο τρούλος είναι μια καμπύλη στέγη πάνω από μέρος του ναού. Εδώ βλέπουμε τον αναστηλωμένο ναό.","sourceIds":["src.tsa.restoration","src.tsa.photo.cathedral"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":20.108,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.s3-patriarch","duration":20.224,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/s3-patriarch.ee7e174f.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.museum"},{"id":"src.tsa.restoration"},{"id":"src.tsa.ascension2011"},{"id":"src.tsa.photo.cathedral"}]},{"id":"tsarevets-1393.s4-baldwin","number":4,"kind":"artifact","title":"Βαλδουίνος: ο αιχμάλωτος και ο πύργος","body":"Ο πύργος φέρει το όνομα του Βαλδουίνου της Φλάνδρας. Ήταν Λατίνος αυτοκράτορας: ηγεμόνας ενός κράτους που ίδρυσαν στην Κωνσταντινούπολη πολεμιστές από τη Δυτική Ευρώπη. Το 1205 τα στρατεύματα του τσάρου Καλογιάννη τον αιχμαλώτισαν στη μάχη της Αδριανούπολης.\n\nΜια παλιά αφήγηση, μια παράδοση, τοποθετεί τη φυλακή του σε αυτόν τον πύργο. Δεν έχει αποδειχθεί ότι η φυλακή βρισκόταν ακριβώς εδώ. Σύμφωνα με δημοσιευμένη περιγραφή, ο πύργος ανακατασκευάστηκε τη δεκαετία του 1930. Ως πρότυπο χρησίμευσε ο πύργος στο Τσέρβεν.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-baldwin-480.0cae2ff5.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-baldwin-960.0cae2ff5.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-baldwin-1600.0cae2ff5.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#6e6f70","h":2400,"w":1800,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-baldwin-960.0cae2ff5.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tsa-baldwin-960.0cae2ff5.webp","id":"asset.tsa.baldwin","alt":"Αναστηλωμένος πέτρινος πύργος με επάλξεις και ένα σκοτεινό άνοιγμα ψηλά στον τοίχο.","objectCaption":"Σύμφωνα με δημοσιευμένη περιγραφή, ο πύργος του Βαλδουίνου αναστηλώθηκε τη δεκαετία του 1930 με πρότυπο τον πύργο του Τσέρβεν. Η παράδοση δεν αποδεικνύει πού βρισκόταν η φυλακή.","caption":"Σύμφωνα με δημοσιευμένη περιγραφή, ο πύργος του Βαλδουίνου αναστηλώθηκε τη δεκαετία του 1930 με πρότυπο τον πύργο του Τσέρβεν. Η παράδοση δεν αποδεικνύει πού βρισκόταν η φυλακή.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Kandi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Kandi, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. According to a published description, Baldwin’s Tower was reconstructed in the 1930s, modelled on Cherven’s tower. The tradition does not establish the prison location. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Kandi, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. According to a published description, Baldwin’s Tower was reconstructed in the 1930s, modelled on Cherven’s tower. The tradition does not establish the prison location. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baldwin%27s_Tower.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-crenels","x":0.521,"y":0.132,"title":"Επάλξεις του πύργου","body":"Οι επάλξεις είναι τα υπερυψωμένα μέρη στην κορυφή του τείχους. Εδώ βλέπουμε τον αναστηλωμένο πύργο.","sourceIds":["src.tsa.undzhiyan2022","src.tsa.photo.baldwin"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-opening","x":0.46,"y":0.357,"title":"Άνοιγμα στον τοίχο","body":"Το ορατό άνοιγμα δεν αποδεικνύει πού κρατήθηκε ο Βαλδουίνος. Η θέση της φυλακής παραμένει θέμα παράδοσης.","sourceIds":["src.tsa.tower-tradition","src.tsa.photo.baldwin"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.548,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.s4-baldwin","duration":29.653,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/s4-baldwin.b550852e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.villehardouin1908"},{"id":"src.tsa.tower-tradition"},{"id":"src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"},{"id":"src.tsa.photo.baldwin"}]},{"id":"tsarevets-1393.a1-prison","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Ο Βαλδουίνος και ο πύργος του","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.tsa.prison","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Τι γνωρίζουμε για τη φυλακή του Βαλδουίνου;","sourceIds":["src.tsa.tower-tradition","src.tsa.villehardouin1908","src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"],"items":[{"id":"o-tradition","label":"Μια παράδοση τον συνδέει με αυτόν τον πύργο."},{"id":"o-photo","label":"Το δωμάτιο του Βαλδουίνου αναγνωρίζεται στη φωτογραφία.","whyWrong":"Η φωτογραφία δείχνει ανακατασκευή, όχι τεκμήριο για τον αιχμάλωτο."},{"id":"o-kaloyan","label":"Ο Καλογιάννης ήταν ο αιχμάλωτος εκεί.","whyWrong":"Τα στρατεύματα του Καλογιάννη αιχμαλώτισαν τον Βαλδουίνο."}],"explanation":"Η αιχμαλωσία του το 1205 περιγράφεται και από έναν Λατίνο συγγραφέα. Μια παράδοση συνδέει τον αιχμάλωτο με αυτόν τον πύργο. Δεν έχει αποδειχθεί ότι η φυλακή του βρισκόταν ακριβώς εδώ.","correctItemId":"o-tradition","sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.tower-tradition"},{"id":"src.tsa.villehardouin1908"},{"id":"src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.668,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.a1-prison","duration":2.773,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/a1-prison.ce4e5527.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.tower-tradition"},{"id":"src.tsa.villehardouin1908"},{"id":"src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"}]},{"id":"tsarevets-1393.s5-siege","number":6,"kind":"narrative","title":"Τα οθωμανικά στρατεύματα πολιορκούν το Τάρνοβο","body":"Τα οθωμανικά στρατεύματα του σουλτάνου Βαγιαζήτ Α΄ πολιορκούν το Τάρνοβο. Σουλτάνος είναι ο τίτλος του Οθωμανού ηγεμόνα. Σε μια πολιορκία ο στρατός περικυκλώνει μια οχυρωμένη πόλη για να την καταλάβει. Σύμφωνα με τη συνήθη ιστορική αφήγηση, ο τσάρος Ιβάν Σισμάν βρίσκεται τότε στη Νικόπολη. Στο Τάρνοβο παραμένει ο πατριάρχης Ευθύμιος.\n\nΗ πόλη καταλαμβάνεται. Η συνήθης χρονολόγηση της πτώσης είναι το 1393. Η φωτογραφία της ανακατασκευασμένης πύλης δεν δείχνει πώς μπήκαν οι στρατιώτες. Τι συμβαίνει στους κατοίκους μετά την πτώση;","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-gate-480.56d2b90e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-gate-960.56d2b90e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-gate-1600.56d2b90e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7b8279","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-gate-960.56d2b90e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tsa-gate-960.56d2b90e.webp","id":"asset.tsa.gate","alt":"Πέτρινη πύλη με μεγάλη αψίδα και στενό άνοιγμα πάνω από αυτήν.","objectCaption":"Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία της αναστηλωμένης πύλης. Δεν αποδεικνύει από ποιο σημείο εισήλθαν τα οθωμανικά στρατεύματα.","caption":"Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία της αναστηλωμένης πύλης. Δεν αποδεικνύει από ποιο σημείο εισήλθαν τα οθωμανικά στρατεύματα.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Kandi · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Kandi, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Present-day photograph of the reconstructed gate. It does not establish where Ottoman forces entered. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Kandi, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Present-day photograph of the reconstructed gate. It does not establish where Ottoman forces entered. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets_22.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ο λόφος με το ανάκτορο και τα κτίρια του πατριάρχη, κεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.tsa.tsarevets","name":"Τσάρεβετς, Τάρνοβο","latitude":43.0833,"longitude":25.6528,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1000,"sourceIds":["src.tsa.coords.q512147","src.tsa.museum"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/places/tsarevets/","slug":"tsa.tsarevets","url":"/el/map/#tsa.tsarevets"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.412,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.s5-siege","duration":30.507,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/s5-siege.598375d8.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.stamboliyska2020"},{"id":"src.tsa.kiel2012"},{"id":"src.tsa.restoration"},{"id":"src.tsa.photo.gate"}]},{"id":"tsarevets-1393.a2-timeline","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Άσκηση: βάλτε τα γεγονότα σε χρονική σειρά","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.tsa.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Βάλτε τα γεγονότα σε σειρά, αρχίζοντας από το παλαιότερο.","sourceIds":["src.tsa.villehardouin1908","src.tsa.stamboliyska2020","src.tsa.undzhiyan2022","src.tsa.restoration"],"items":[{"id":"ev-baldwin","label":"Αιχμαλωσία του Βαλδουίνου"},{"id":"ev-fall","label":"Άλωση του Τάρνοβο"},{"id":"ev-tower","label":"Ανακατασκευή του πύργου"},{"id":"ev-church","label":"Ανακατασκευή του ναού"}],"explanation":"Πρώτα έρχεται η αιχμαλωσία και έπειτα η πολιορκία. Σύμφωνα με τη δημοσιευμένη περιγραφή, ο πύργος ανακατασκευάστηκε τη δεκαετία του 1930. Η εκκλησία ανακατασκευάστηκε το 1981, μετά τον πύργο.","correctOrderIds":["ev-baldwin","ev-fall","ev-tower","ev-church"],"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.villehardouin1908"},{"id":"src.tsa.stamboliyska2020"},{"id":"src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"},{"id":"src.tsa.restoration"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.804,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.a2-timeline","duration":3.925,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/a2-timeline.b3e58610.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.villehardouin1908"},{"id":"src.tsa.stamboliyska2020"},{"id":"src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"},{"id":"src.tsa.restoration"}]},{"id":"tsarevets-1393.s6-euthymius","number":8,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ο Ευθύμιος φεύγει από το Τάρνοβο","body":"Ο μαθητής του Ευθυμίου, Γρηγόριος Τσάμπλακ, αφηγείται τον θάνατο επιφανών κατοίκων του Τάρνοβο που σκοτώθηκαν. Περιγράφει επίσης τον αποχαιρετισμό του πατριάρχη στους ανθρώπους. Ο Ευθύμιος στέλνεται στην εξορία: αναγκάζεται να φύγει από το σπίτι του.\n\nΟ Τσάμπλακ γράφει ένα εγκώμιο, ένα κείμενο που εξυμνεί τον Ευθύμιο. Σε αυτό υπάρχει και ένα θαύμα: το χέρι του δήμιου μένει ακίνητο. Αυτό είναι ένα θρυλικό μοτίβο, όχι ένα ανεξάρτητα επιβεβαιωμένο γεγονός.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-palace-480.2488f3a9.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-palace-960.2488f3a9.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-palace-1600.2488f3a9.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#90958b","h":612,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-palace-960.2488f3a9.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tsa-palace-960.2488f3a9.webp","id":"asset.tsa.palace","alt":"Χαμηλά θεμέλια και ψηλότερες αναστηλωμένες τοιχοποιίες του ανακτορικού συγκροτήματος.","objectCaption":"Χαμηλοί τοίχοι και αναστηλωμένα τμήματα του ανακτορικού συγκροτήματος. Η φωτογραφία δεν αναπαριστά το εσωτερικό της αίθουσας του θρόνου.","caption":"Χαμηλοί τοίχοι και αναστηλωμένα τμήματα του ανακτορικού συγκροτήματος. Η φωτογραφία δεν αναπαριστά το εσωτερικό της αίθουσας του θρόνου.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Pudelek (Marcin Szala), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Low walls and reconstructed parts of the palace complex. The photograph does not reproduce the inside of the hall with the throne. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Low walls and reconstructed parts of the palace complex. The photograph does not reproduce the inside of the hall with the throne. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Veliko_Tarnovo_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE)_-_Tsarevets_(Palace).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ο λόφος με το ανάκτορο και τα κτίρια του πατριάρχη, κεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.tsa.tsarevets","name":"Τσάρεβετς, Τάρνοβο","latitude":43.0833,"longitude":25.6528,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1000,"sourceIds":["src.tsa.coords.q512147","src.tsa.museum"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/places/tsarevets/","slug":"tsa.tsarevets","url":"/el/map/#tsa.tsarevets"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":24.636,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.s6-euthymius","duration":24.747,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/s6-euthymius.f260352d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.tsamblak"},{"id":"src.tsa.stankova"},{"id":"src.tsa.kiel2012"},{"id":"src.tsa.stamboliyska2020"},{"id":"src.tsa.museum"},{"id":"src.tsa.photo.palace"}]},{"id":"tsarevets-1393.a3-matching","number":9,"kind":"activity","title":"Ποιος εργάζεται στο παλάτι;","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.tsa.matching","kind":"matching","prompt":"Συνδέστε τον τόπο με τον ρόλο του στην αφήγηση.","sourceIds":["src.tsa.museum","src.tsa.tower-tradition"],"items":[{"id":"m-palace","label":"Παλάτι","pairedLabel":"Διακυβέρνηση του κράτους"},{"id":"m-church","label":"Πατριαρχικό συγκρότημα","pairedLabel":"Διεύθυνση της εκκλησιαστικής ζωής"},{"id":"m-scriptorium","label":"Γραφείο αντιγραφής","pairedLabel":"Αντιγραφή βιβλίων"},{"id":"m-tower","label":"Πύργος του Βαλδουίνου","pairedLabel":"Παράδοση για έναν αιχμάλωτο"}],"explanation":"Ο τσάρος κυβερνά από το παλάτι, ο πατριάρχης διευθύνει την εκκλησιαστική ζωή και στο γραφείο αντιγραφής αντιγράφουν βιβλία. Ο πύργος συνδέεται με τον Βαλδουίνο μέσω μιας παράδοσης.","sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.museum"},{"id":"src.tsa.tower-tradition"}],"columns":["Τόπος","Περιγραφή"]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.212,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.tsarevets-1393.tsarevets-1393.a3-matching","duration":3.328,"src":"/audio/el/tsarevets-1393/a3-matching.e13484cf.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.tsa.museum"},{"id":"src.tsa.tower-tradition"}]}],"minutes":3,"sources":[{"year":2011,"url":"https://bg-patriarshia.bg/orthodox-thought/vaznesenie-gospodne","institutionOrAuthor":"Българска патриаршия – Българска православна църква","id":"src.tsa.ascension2011","authors":["Българска патриаршия – Българска православна църква"],"title":"ВЪЗНЕСЕНИЕ ГОСПОДНЕ","container":"Православна мисъл","pages":"unpaginated","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg","container":"bg"}},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4850503","institutionOrAuthor":"Wikimedia contributors","id":"src.tsa.coords.q4850503","authors":["Wikimedia contributors"],"title":"Baldwin’s Tower","container":"Wikimedia geographic records","pages":"not applicable","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28"},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512147","institutionOrAuthor":"Wikimedia contributors","id":"src.tsa.coords.q512147","authors":["Wikimedia contributors"],"title":"Tsarevets","container":"Wikimedia geographic records","pages":"not applicable","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28"},{"year":2012,"url":"https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/tirnova--bulgaristan","institutionOrAuthor":"Machiel Kiel","id":"src.tsa.kiel2012","authors":["Machiel Kiel"],"title":"TIRNOVA","container":"TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi","pages":"118–122","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","volume":"41"},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.museumvt.com/каталог/архитектурно---музеен-резерват--царевец-","institutionOrAuthor":"Регионален исторически музей – Велико Търново","id":"src.tsa.museum","authors":["Регионален исторически музей – Велико Търново"],"title":"Архитектурно – музеен резерват „Царевец“","container":"РИМ – Велико Търново","pages":"unpaginated","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","container":"bg"}},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baldwin%27s_Tower.JPG","institutionOrAuthor":"Kandi","id":"src.tsa.photo.baldwin","authors":["Kandi"],"title":"File:Baldwin's Tower.JPG","container":"Wikimedia Commons","pages":"not applicable","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patriarchal_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Ascension_of_God_Veliko_Tarnovo_Klearchos_1.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece","id":"src.tsa.photo.cathedral","authors":["Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece"],"title":"File:Patriarchal Cathedral of the Holy Ascension of God Veliko Tarnovo Klearchos 1.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","pages":"not applicable","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","license":"CC BY 2.0"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets_22.JPG","institutionOrAuthor":"Kandi","id":"src.tsa.photo.gate","authors":["Kandi"],"title":"File:Tsarevets 22.JPG","container":"Wikimedia Commons","pages":"not applicable","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","license":"Public domain"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Veliko_Tarnovo_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE)_-_Tsarevets_(Palace).JPG","institutionOrAuthor":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala)","id":"src.tsa.photo.palace","authors":["Pudelek (Marcin Szala)"],"title":"File:Veliko Tarnovo (Велико Търново) - Tsarevets (Palace).JPG","container":"Wikimedia Commons","pages":"not applicable","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","fieldLanguages":{"title":"bg"}},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets-Panorama.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com","id":"src.tsa.photo.panorama","authors":["www.vacacionesbulgaria.com"],"title":"File:Tsarevets-Panorama.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","pages":"not applicable","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets_Veliko_Tarnovo_02.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Андрей Романенко","id":"src.tsa.photo.river","authors":["Андрей Романенко"],"title":"File:Tsarevets Veliko Tarnovo 02.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","pages":"not applicable","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0"},{"year":2020,"url":"https://www.uni-vt.bg/res/11734/31._Dejan_Rabovyanov.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Деян Рабовянов","id":"src.tsa.rabovyanov2020","authors":["Деян Рабовянов"],"title":"Крепостта Трапезица в развитието на Търновград като столица на Второто българско царство","container":"Владетел, държава и църква на Балканите през Средновековието. Велико Търново: Университетско издателство „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“","pages":"380–391","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","isPdf":true,"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg","container":"bg"}},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.tourism.government.bg/bg/wine-destinations/6675/6676","institutionOrAuthor":"Министерство на туризма на Република България","id":"src.tsa.restoration","authors":["Министерство на туризма на Република България"],"title":"Царевец (страница за Велико Търново)","pages":"unpaginated","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"},"container":""},{"year":2020,"url":"https://www.uni-vt.bg/res/11741/38._Nikolay_Ovcharov.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Атанаска Стамболийска","id":"src.tsa.stamboliyska2020","authors":["Атанаска Стамболийска"],"title":"Събитията в Търново непосредствено след завладяването му от османските турци и съдбата на престолонаследника Александър Шишман","container":"Владетел, държава и църква на Балканите през Средновековието. Велико Търново: Университетско издателство „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“","pages":"554–584","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","isPdf":true,"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg","container":"bg"}},{"year":null,"url":"https://sesdiva.eu/en/virtual-rooms/popular-saints/item/132-gregory-tsamblak-en","institutionOrAuthor":"Радослава Станкова / Институт за литература, БАН, SESDIVA","id":"src.tsa.stankova","authors":["Радослава Станкова / Институт за литература, БАН, SESDIVA"],"title":"Gregory Tsamblak","container":"SESDIVA: popular saints, authors and works","pages":"unpaginated","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28"},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.bg-guide.org/bg/obekti/pregled/krepost-carevec","institutionOrAuthor":"Национален туристически клъстер „Българският пътеводител“","id":"src.tsa.tower-tradition","authors":["Национален туристически клъстер „Българският пътеводител“"],"title":"Архитектурно-историческият резерват „Царевец“, гр. Велико Търново","container":"BG Guide","pages":"unpaginated","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"}},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.pravoslavieto.com/life/01.20_sv_patr_Evtimij_Camblak.htm","institutionOrAuthor":"Григорий Цамблак; превод П. Русев, Г. Данчев, А. Давидов","id":"src.tsa.tsamblak","authors":["Григорий Цамблак; превод П. Русев, Г. Данчев, А. Давидов"],"title":"Похвално слово за св. Евтимий","container":"Pravoslavieto.com, digital transcription of a medieval panegyric in modern Bulgarian translation","pages":"unpaginated","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28"},{"year":2022,"url":"https://priroda.bas.bg/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/brbr.2-2022-11.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Еберхард Унджиян","id":"src.tsa.undzhiyan2022","authors":["Еберхард Унджиян"],"title":"Петима души в две лодки – по Лома през 1961 година","container":"Природа (БАН)","pages":"82–89","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","issue":"2","isPdf":true,"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg","container":"bg"}},{"year":1908,"url":"https://sourcebooks.web.fordham.edu/basis/villehardouin.asp","institutionOrAuthor":"Geoffrey de Villehardouin; translator Frank T. Marzials","id":"src.tsa.villehardouin1908","authors":["Geoffrey de Villehardouin; translator Frank T. Marzials"],"title":"Memoirs or Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople","container":"London: J. M. Dent; Fordham University, Internet Medieval Sourcebook","pages":"67–69; 94–95","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28"}],"credits":[{"id":"asset.tsa.cathedral-cutout","src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-960.09402835.webp","alt":"Αποκομμένη φωτογραφία του ναού που ανακατασκευάστηκε το 1981· δεν είναι σωζόμενο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο.","w":1112,"h":1268,"caption":"Ο πατριαρχικός ναός της Αναλήψεως, αναστηλωμένος το 1981. Η φωτογραφία δείχνει ανακατασκευή, όχι ανέπαφο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο.","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patriarchal_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Ascension_of_God_Veliko_Tarnovo_Klearchos_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"}},{"id":"asset.tsa.panorama","src":"/media/asset-tsa-panorama-960.b7570940.webp","alt":"Πράσινος λόφος με τείχη και εκκλησία στην κορυφή.","w":1600,"h":456,"caption":"Γενική άποψη του λόφου· τα ψηλά τείχη και η εκκλησία που φαίνονται περιλαμβάνουν αναστηλωμένα μέρη.","credit":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: www.vacacionesbulgaria.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Overview of the hill; the visible tall walls and church include reconstructions. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Overview of the hill; the visible tall walls and church include reconstructions. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets-Panorama.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"}},{"id":"asset.tsa.river","src":"/media/asset-tsa-river-960.c4e5fe95.webp","alt":"Ποταμός κάτω από μια απότομη πράσινη πλαγιά, με γέφυρα και τείχη πιο ψηλά.","w":1063,"h":1600,"caption":"Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία του Γιάντρα κάτω από το Τσάρεβετς. Η γέφυρα και οι αναστηλωμένες τοιχοποιίες δεν δείχνουν την όψη του 1393.","credit":"Андрей Романенко · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Андрей Романенко, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Present-day photograph of the Yantra below Tsarevets. The bridge and reconstructed masonry do not show the appearance in 1393. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Андрей Романенко, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Present-day photograph of the Yantra below Tsarevets. The bridge and reconstructed masonry do not show the appearance in 1393. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets_Veliko_Tarnovo_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"}},{"id":"asset.tsa.cathedral","src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-960.56bcc16e.webp","alt":"Αναστηλωμένος ναός με τρούλο και ψηλό καμπαναριό στα δεξιά.","w":2400,"h":1800,"caption":"Ο πατριαρχικός ναός της Αναλήψεως, αναστηλωμένος το 1981. Η φωτογραφία δείχνει ανακατασκευή, όχι ανέπαφο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο.","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patriarchal_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Ascension_of_God_Veliko_Tarnovo_Klearchos_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"}},{"id":"asset.tsa.baldwin","src":"/media/asset-tsa-baldwin-960.0cae2ff5.webp","alt":"Αναστηλωμένος πέτρινος πύργος με επάλξεις και ένα σκοτεινό άνοιγμα ψηλά στον τοίχο.","w":1800,"h":2400,"caption":"Σύμφωνα με δημοσιευμένη περιγραφή, ο πύργος του Βαλδουίνου αναστηλώθηκε τη δεκαετία του 1930 με πρότυπο τον πύργο του Τσέρβεν. Η παράδοση δεν αποδεικνύει πού βρισκόταν η φυλακή.","credit":"Kandi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Kandi, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. According to a published description, Baldwin’s Tower was reconstructed in the 1930s, modelled on Cherven’s tower. The tradition does not establish the prison location. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Kandi, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. According to a published description, Baldwin’s Tower was reconstructed in the 1930s, modelled on Cherven’s tower. The tradition does not establish the prison location. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baldwin%27s_Tower.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"}},{"id":"asset.tsa.gate","src":"/media/asset-tsa-gate-960.56d2b90e.webp","alt":"Πέτρινη πύλη με μεγάλη αψίδα και στενό άνοιγμα πάνω από αυτήν.","w":1600,"h":1200,"caption":"Σύγχρονη φωτογραφία της αναστηλωμένης πύλης. Δεν αποδεικνύει από ποιο σημείο εισήλθαν τα οθωμανικά στρατεύματα.","credit":"Kandi · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Kandi, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Present-day photograph of the reconstructed gate. It does not establish where Ottoman forces entered. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Kandi, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Present-day photograph of the reconstructed gate. It does not establish where Ottoman forces entered. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsarevets_22.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"}},{"id":"asset.tsa.palace","src":"/media/asset-tsa-palace-960.2488f3a9.webp","alt":"Χαμηλά θεμέλια και ψηλότερες αναστηλωμένες τοιχοποιίες του ανακτορικού συγκροτήματος.","w":1600,"h":612,"caption":"Χαμηλοί τοίχοι και αναστηλωμένα τμήματα του ανακτορικού συγκροτήματος. Η φωτογραφία δεν αναπαριστά το εσωτερικό της αίθουσας του θρόνου.","credit":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Pudelek (Marcin Szala), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Low walls and reconstructed parts of the palace complex. The photograph does not reproduce the inside of the hall with the throne. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Low walls and reconstructed parts of the palace complex. The photograph does not reproduce the inside of the hall with the throne. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Veliko_Tarnovo_(%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE)_-_Tsarevets_(Palace).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"}},{"id":"map-relief","src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","thumb":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","alt":"Γεωγραφικό πλαίσιο χωρίς ιστορικά σύνορα","w":3072,"h":1987,"caption":"","kindLabel":"Γεωγραφικό πλαίσιο χωρίς ιστορικά σύνορα","visibleKind":"Γεωγραφικό πλαίσιο χωρίς ιστορικά σύνορα","credit":"Tom Patterson · Nathaniel Vaughn Kelso · Κοινό κτήμα · Natural Earth","license":"Κοινό κτήμα","attribution":"Tom Patterson · Nathaniel Vaughn Kelso","attributionParts":null,"sourceUrl":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-raster-data/10m-gray-earth/","licenseUrl":"https://www.naturalearthdata.com/about/terms-of-use/","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"}}],"places":[{"note":"Αναστηλωμένος πύργος. Μια παλιά αφήγηση τον συνδέει με τον αιχμάλωτο Βαλδουίνο· η θέση της φυλακής δεν έχει αποδειχθεί.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.tsa.baldwin-tower","name":"Πύργος του Βαλδουίνου","latitude":43.08083333,"longitude":25.65305556,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":50,"sourceIds":["src.tsa.coords.q4850503","src.tsa.tower-tradition","src.tsa.undzhiyan2022"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"tsa.baldwin-tower","url":"/el/map/#tsa.baldwin-tower"},{"note":"Ο λόφος με το ανάκτορο και τα κτίρια του πατριάρχη, κεφαλής της βουλγαρικής εκκλησίας.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.tsa.tsarevets","name":"Τσάρεβετς, Τάρνοβο","latitude":43.0833,"longitude":25.6528,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1000,"sourceIds":["src.tsa.coords.q512147","src.tsa.museum"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/places/tsarevets/","slug":"tsa.tsarevets","url":"/el/map/#tsa.tsarevets"}],"find":null,"next":[{"storyId":"story.nikopol-1396","title":"Γιατί σταματά η εκστρατεία στη Νικόπολη;","topic":"Νικόπολη","eyebrow":"Νικόπολη","url":"/el/stories/nikopol-1396/","reason":"Γνωρίστε έναν ακόμη αγώνα για εξουσία και ελευθερία.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-480.d422969e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-960.d422969e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-1205.d422969e.avif","w":1205}],"dominant":"#605650","h":1881,"w":1205,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-960.d422969e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-nik-helmet-cutout-960.d422969e.webp","id":"asset.nik.helmet-cutout","alt":"Αποκομμένη λεπτομέρεια· το φόντο αφαιρέθηκε. Μυτερή ατσάλινη περικεφαλαία με άνοιγμα για το πρόσωπο και μικρές οπές στην επιφάνειά της.","objectCaption":"Περικεφαλαία","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Άγνωστος Ιταλός τεχνίτης; φωτογραφία: Μητροπολιτικό Μουσείο Τέχνης. · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Unknown Italian armourer; photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. An original period helmet found at Chalcis on Euboea in 1840; not a Nicopolis find. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown Italian armourer; photograph: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. An original period helmet found at Chalcis on Euboea in 1840; not a Nicopolis find. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bascinet_MET_DP-12880-041x.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"},"minutes":3,"sceneCount":9},{"storyId":"story.boyana-church","title":"Τα πρόσωπα της Μπογιάνα","topic":"Εκκλησία της Μπογιάνα","eyebrow":"Εκκλησία της Μπογιάνα · Μπογιάνα","url":"/el/stories/boyana-church/","reason":"","image":{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-boyana-exterior-480.b8b98199.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-boyana-exterior-960.b8b98199.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-boyana-exterior-1600.b8b98199.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#63624f","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-boyana-exterior-960.b8b98199.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-boyana-exterior-960.b8b98199.webp","id":"asset.boyana.exterior","alt":"Πλινθόκτιστες όψεις, δύο τρουλαία μέρη και η πέτρινη βάση της εκκλησίας της Μπογιάνα ανάμεσα σε δέντρα.","objectCaption":"Εκκλησία της Μπογιάνα","caption":"","kindLabel":"Φωτογραφία","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Aleksander Dragnes · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Source: Aleksander Dragnes / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 Processed image. Site today","attributionParts":[{"text":"Source: Aleksander Dragnes / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0 Processed image. Site today","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boyana_Church_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"},"minutes":5,"sceneCount":9},{"storyId":"story.georgi-ivanov-1979","title":"Σε τροχιά, χωρίς σύνδεση","topic":"Γκεόργκι Ιβάνοφ","eyebrow":"Γκεόργκι Ιβάνοφ · Μπαϊκονούρ","url":"/el/stories/georgi-ivanov-1979/","reason":"","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-cosmos-capsule-cutout-480.e61f7ab3.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-cosmos-capsule-cutout-960.e61f7ab3.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-cosmos-capsule-cutout-1600.e61f7ab3.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#66584e","h":1781,"w":1618,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-cosmos-capsule-cutout-960.e61f7ab3.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-cosmos-capsule-cutout-960.e61f7ab3.webp","id":"asset.cosmos.capsule-cutout","alt":"Αποκομμένη λεπτομέρεια· το φόντο αφαιρέθηκε. Κάψουλα σε σχήμα καμπάνας με σκούρα και καφέ εξωτερική επιφάνεια, στρογγυλό φινιστρίνι και αλεξίπτωτο στα αριστερά.","objectCaption":"Κάψουλα Σογιούζ-33","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Scroch · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Scroch / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Scroch / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Soyuz_33_descent_module.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"minutes":5,"sceneCount":9}],"people":[{"id":"person.ivan-shishman","name":"Ιβάν Σισμάν","url":"/el/people/ivan-shishman/"},{"id":"person.bayezid-i","name":"Βαγιαζήτ Α΄","url":"/el/people/bayezid-i/"},{"id":"person.kaloyan","name":"Καλογιάννης","url":"/el/people/kaloyan/"},{"id":"person.euthymius","name":"Ευθύμιος","url":"/el/people/euthymius/"},{"id":"person.baldwin-i","name":"Βαλδουίνος Α΄ της Φλάνδρας","url":"/el/people/baldwin-i/"},{"id":"person.gregory-tsamblak","name":"Γρηγόριος Τσάμπλακ","url":"/el/people/gregory-tsamblak/"},{"id":"person.saint-petka","name":"Αγία Παρασκευή","url":"/el/people/saint-petka/"}],"rulers":[{"id":"ruler.ivan-shishman","name":"Ιβάν Σισμάν","url":"/el/rulers/ivan-shishman/"}],"status":"draft","fact":{"id":"fact.discover.tsarevets-1393","storyId":"story.tsarevets-1393","factId":"F03","text":"Η πρωτεύουσα περιλάμβανε το Τσάρεβετς, την Τραπεζίτσα και άλλες περιοχές κατά μήκος του Γιάντρα.","sourceIds":["src.tsa.museum","src.tsa.rabovyanov2020"]},"collectionFind":{"number":42,"total":59,"title":"Αναστηλωμένος ναός","dateLabel":"20ος αι.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-480.09402835.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-960.09402835.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-1112.09402835.avif","w":1112}],"dominant":"#7c6453","h":1268,"w":1112,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-960.09402835.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-tsa-cathedral-cutout-960.09402835.webp","id":"asset.tsa.cathedral-cutout","alt":"Αποκομμένη φωτογραφία του ναού που ανακατασκευάστηκε το 1981· δεν είναι σωζόμενο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο.","objectCaption":"Αναστηλωμένος ναός","caption":"Ο πατριαρχικός ναός της Αναλήψεως, αναστηλωμένος το 1981. Η φωτογραφία δείχνει ανακατασκευή, όχι ανέπαφο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Santorini, Greece, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The patriarchal Church of the Ascension, reconstructed in 1981. The photograph shows a reconstruction, not an intact medieval building. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patriarchal_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Ascension_of_God_Veliko_Tarnovo_Klearchos_1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"}},"ui":{"web.learnPromo":"Διαβάστε αυτές τις ιστορίες στα βουλγαρικά — μάθετε τη γλώσσα","web.travelPromo":"Επισκεφθείτε αυτό το μέρος — ταξιδιωτικός οδηγός της Βουλγαρίας","web.autoAdvance":"Αυτόματη μετάβαση στην επόμενη σκηνή","web.repeatActivities":"Επανάληψη δραστηριοτήτων","web.shortcuts":"Συντομεύσεις πληκτρολογίου","web.sceneNavigation":"Προηγούμενη / επόμενη σκηνή","web.findCount":"Βρέθηκαν {count} από {total}","web.resumeNarration":"Συνέχεια από {time}","web.activityLabel":"Άσκηση","web.skippedActivities":"Ασκήσεις · {count} — έναρξη","web.placesCount":"τοποθεσίες: {count}","web.moreAnswers":"Περισσότερες απαντήσεις παρακάτω","web.playerSceneOf":"Σκηνή {scene} από {total}: {title}","web.closeStory":"Κλείσιμο ιστορίας","web.imageFit":"Εμφάνιση ολόκληρης της εικόνας","web.activityOf":"Άσκηση · {scene} από {total}","web.activityMoved":"Μετακινήθηκε στη θέση {scene} από {total}","web.activityIncomplete":"Συνδέστε όλα τα ζεύγη","web.seekTen":"Πίσω / εμπρός κατά 10 δευτερόλεπτα","web.activityFromScene":"Από τη σκηνή {scene}","web.nextStory":"Επόμενη ιστορία","web.transcriptRevised":"το κείμενο διευκρινίστηκε","action.close":"Κλείσιμο","action.next":"Επόμενο","action.retry":"Δοκίμασε ξανά","activity.check":"Έλεγχος","answer.correct":"Σωστό","answer.incorrect":"Όχι ακριβώς","audio.backTen":"Πίσω 10 δευτερόλεπτα","audio.pause":"Παύση","audio.play":"Αναπαραγωγή αφήγησης","audio.seek":"Θέση αφήγησης","audio.speed":"Ταχύτητα αφήγησης","audio.synthetic":"Συνθετική φωνή","audio.unavailable":"Η αφήγηση δεν είναι διαθέσιμη. Το κείμενο είναι εδώ.","bookmark.add":"Αποθήκευση ιστορίας","bookmark.inSaved":"Στα αποθηκευμένα","bookmark.remove":"Αφαίρεση αποθηκευμένης ιστορίας","bookmark.removed":"Ο σελιδοδείκτης αφαιρέθηκε","credit.title":"Εικόνες","discover.audioMinutes %lld":"%lld λεπτά","discover.mapLabel":"Γεωγραφικό πλαίσιο χωρίς ιστορικά σύνορα","player.approximate":"Κατά προσέγγιση τοποθεσία","player.back":"Πίσω","player.completed":"Νέο εύρημα στη συλλογή σας","player.counter %lld %lld":"%1$lld / %2$lld","player.details %lld":"Λεπτομέρειες (%lld)","player.explanation":"Γιατί;","player.finish":"Ολοκλήρωση","player.firstCorrect":"✓ Σωστά με την πρώτη προσπάθεια","player.firstOther":"Η πρώτη προσπάθεια διατηρείται. Η επανάληψη είναι εξάσκηση.","player.interpretation":"Ερμηνεία","player.matchHint":"Πάτησε έναν όρο αριστερά και μετά μια σημασία δεξιά. Πάτησε ένα συνδεδεμένο στοιχείο για αποσύνδεση.","player.moveDown":"Μετακίνηση κάτω","player.moveUp":"Μετακίνηση πάνω","player.nextDetail":"Επόμενη λεπτομέρεια","player.previousDetail":"Προηγούμενη λεπτομέρεια","player.related":"Σχετικές ιστορίες","player.scene %lld":"Μέρος %lld","player.sequenceHint":"Βάλτε τα από το παλαιότερο στο νεότερο.","player.showAll":"Εμφάνιση όλων","player.skip":"Παράλειψη","player.sources %lld":"Πηγές · %lld","player.summary %lld %lld":"Δραστηριότητες: %1$lld από %2$lld σωστές με την πρώτη","player.unpair":"Αποσύνδεση ζεύγους","player.vitrine":"Στα ευρήματα","sources.title":"Πηγές","story.listen":"Άκουσε","story.sceneCount %lld":{"one":"%lld σκηνή","other":"%lld σκηνές"},"story.start":"Έναρξη","answer.chosen":"Η απάντησή σας","answer.skipped":"Η δραστηριότητα παραλείφθηκε","answer.revealed":"Η απάντηση εμφανίστηκε","answer.correctOrder":"Σωστή σειρά","answer.correctPairs":"Σωστά ζεύγη","answer.yours.correct":"Η απάντησή σας · σωστή","answer.yours.incorrect":"Η απάντησή σας · λανθασμένη","audio.stop":"Διακοπή ακρόασης","Search.search.group.places":"Τόποι","Atlas.zoomIn":"Μεγέθυνση","Atlas.zoomOut":"Σμίκρυνση"},"promos":{"learn":{"icon":"/media/promo/learn-160.webp","name":"Μάθε βουλγαρικά","url":"https://bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/learn-bulgarian/"},"travel":{"icon":"/media/promo/travel-160.webp","name":"Οδηγός Βουλγαρίας","url":"https://bulgaria.zydeno.com/el/travel-guide-bulgaria/"}}}