{"version":2,"locale":"el","id":"story.vazov-under-the-yoke","hasFind":true,"slug":"vazov-under-the-yoke","url":"/el/stories/vazov-under-the-yoke/","topic":"Ιβάν Βάζοφ","title":"Γιατί ο Βάζοφ γράφει το «Κάτω από τον ζυγό» μακριά από την πατρίδα;","summary":"Ο Βάζοφ αρχίζει το «Κάτω από τον ζυγό» στην Οδησσό. Ένα οικογενειακό δείπνο και μια σχολική εξέταση μάς γνωρίζουν την Μπιάλα Τσέρκβα πριν από την εξέγερση. Αργότερα το μυθιστόρημα βοηθά στην αποκατάσταση του πατρικού του σπιτιού.","cover":{"title":"Γιατί ο Βάζοφ γράφει το «Κάτω από τον ζυγό» μακριά από την πατρίδα;","subtitle":"Ο Βάζοφ γράφει στην Οδησσό και θυμάται το Σόποτ","hook":"Γιατί ο Βάζοφ γράφει στην Οδησσό;","summary":"Ο Βάζοφ αρχίζει το «Κάτω από τον ζυγό» στην Οδησσό. Ένα οικογενειακό δείπνο και μια σχολική εξέταση μάς γνωρίζουν την Μπιάλα Τσέρκβα πριν από την εξέγερση. Αργότερα το μυθιστόρημα βοηθά στην αποκατάσταση του πατρικού του σπιτιού.","takeaway":"Μπορούμε να συγκρίνουμε το μυθιστόρημα με το αποκατεστημένο σπίτι: και τα δύο χρησιμοποιούν αναμνήσεις."},"sortYear":1894,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Αναγέννηση και Απελευθέρωση","dateLabel":"18ος–19ος αιώνας","eraShort":"Αναγέννηση","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Σόποτ και Οδησσός","date":"1887–1894","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-480.5007b5ff.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-1600.5007b5ff.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#6a5a49","h":2180,"w":1672,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","id":"asset.vaz.portrait-cutout","alt":"Αποκομμένη λεπτομέρεια· το φόντο αφαιρέθηκε. Ιβάν Βάζοφ. Αρχειακό πορτρέτο άγνωστης χρονολογίας.","objectCaption":"Κάτω από τον ζυγό","caption":"","kindLabel":"Αρχείο","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Αρχείο","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Άγνωστος δημιουργός · Public domain · Κρατική Υπηρεσία Αρχείων της Βουλγαρίας / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Cut-out detail; background removed. Archival photograph","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Cut-out detail; background removed. Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-937K-1-410-7-Ivan_Vazov_(cropped).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s1-far-from-home","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ο Βάζοφ γράφει μακριά από την πατρίδα","body":"Στην Οδησσό ο Ιβάν Βάζοφ αρχίζει ένα μυθιστόρημα για τους ανθρώπους της πατρίδας του. Είναι το 1887. Είναι πολιτικός μετανάστης: έφυγε από τη Βουλγαρία λόγω των διώξεων ανθρώπων με τις πεποιθήσεις του. Ο Βάζοφ υποστηρίζει τις στενές σχέσεις με τη Ρωσία. Τότε στη Βουλγαρία υπάρχει έντονη διαμάχη για τις σχέσεις αυτές.\n\nΑργότερα ο συγγραφέας αφηγείται πόσο δύσκολα περνά μακριά από την πατρίδα. Καθώς γράφει, επιστρέφει με τον νου στις αυλές και στους ανθρώπους του Σόποτ. Έτσι περιγράφει ο ίδιος την έμπνευσή του. Είναι μια ανάμνησή του, καταγραμμένη χρόνια μετά τη συγγραφή.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-480.0fedac15.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-1115.0fedac15.avif","w":1115}],"dominant":"#4a4538","h":1600,"w":1115,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.webp","id":"asset.vaz.portrait","alt":"Ιβάν Βάζοφ. Αρχειακό πορτρέτο άγνωστης χρονολογίας.","objectCaption":"Κάτω από τον ζυγό","caption":"","kindLabel":"Αρχείο","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Αρχείο","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Άγνωστος δημιουργός · Public domain · Κρατική Υπηρεσία Αρχείων της Βουλγαρίας / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. 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Τα σημεία δείχνουν κατά προσέγγιση τις πόλεις, όχι διευθύνσεις δωματίων και τυπογραφείων.\n\nΣτο ίδιο το βιβλίο η κύρια κωμόπολη ονομάζεται Μπιάλα Τσέρκβα. Για αυτήν ο Βάζοφ χρησιμοποιεί αναμνήσεις από το Σόποτ. Είναι ένας λογοτεχνικός κόσμος, όχι ακριβές σχέδιο της πραγματικής πόλης.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Η γενέτειρα του Βάζοφ και η τοποθεσία του ανακατασκευασμένου σπιτιού-μουσείου.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vaz.sopot","name":"Σόποτ","latitude":42.653911,"longitude":24.755016,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2500,"sourceIds":["src.vaz.coord.sopot"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vaz.sopot","url":"/el/map/#vaz.sopot"},{"note":"Ο Βασίλ Απρίλοφ έζησε στην Οδησσό και στήριξε βουλγαρικές εκπαιδευτικές πρωτοβουλίες, όπως το σχολείο του Γκάμπροβο.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.odesa","name":"Οδησσός","latitude":46.4843023,"longitude":30.7322878,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa","src.gabrovo.gotovska-2024","src.gabrovo.osm","src.vaz.coord.odesa"],"radiusMeters":5000,"short":"Οδησσός","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.odesa","url":"/el/map/#gabrovo.odesa"},{"note":"Η πόλη μιας πρώιμης αγγλικής 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στην Οδησσό και στήριξε βουλγαρικές εκπαιδευτικές πρωτοβουλίες, όπως το σχολείο του Γκάμπροβο.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.odesa","name":"Οδησσός","latitude":46.4843023,"longitude":30.7322878,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa","src.gabrovo.gotovska-2024","src.gabrovo.osm","src.vaz.coord.odesa"],"radiusMeters":5000,"short":"Οδησσός","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.odesa","url":"/el/map/#gabrovo.odesa","number":2,"x":91.86105,"y":57.61362,"inside":true,"viewX":91.86105,"viewY":57.61362},{"note":"Η πόλη μιας πρώιμης αγγλικής 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δείπνο του Μάρκο","body":"Η πρώτη σκηνή του μυθιστορήματος είναι ένα οικογενειακό δείπνο στην αυλή του Μάρκο. «Τσορμπατζής» είναι παλιά ονομασία για έναν εύπορο άνθρωπο. Στο σχέδιο του Γιόζεφ Όμπερμπαουερ βλέπουμε συγκεντρωμένους ανθρώπους, ένα χαμηλό τραπέζι και ένα φανάρι. Είναι εικονογράφηση του 1894, όχι φωτογραφία πραγματικού δείπνου.\n\nΑπό μια τέτοια καθημερινή σκηνή το μυθιστόρημα μας οδηγεί στην προετοιμασία της Εξέγερσης του Απριλίου. Πρόκειται για εξέγερση κατά της οθωμανικής εξουσίας το 1876. Η Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία είναι το κράτος που τότε κυβερνά αυτά τα εδάφη. Η ιστορική εξέγερση καταστέλλεται.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-480.66dca97e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-1600.66dca97e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#afb4b3","h":1488,"w":2119,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.webp","id":"asset.vaz.marko","alt":"Γιόζεφ Όμπερμπαουερ: Ο Μάρκο και η οικογένειά του, 1894. Εικονογράφηση, όχι φωτογραφία γεγονότος.","objectCaption":"Γιόζεφ Όμπερμπαουερ: Ο Μάρκο και η οικογένειά του, 1894. Εικονογράφηση, όχι φωτογραφία γεγονότος.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Σχέδιο","kind":"artwork","visibleKind":"Σχέδιο","creditLabels":{"title":"Εικόνες","source":"Άνοιγμα πηγής","full":"Πλήρης αναφορά δημιουργού"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер); Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Illustration","attributionParts":[{"text":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер); Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Illustration","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-vaz-lantern","x":0.515,"y":0.443,"title":"Φανάρι","body":"Το φανάρι είναι ζωγραφισμένο πάνω από το τραπέζι. Είναι λεπτομέρεια της εικονογράφησης, όχι σωζόμενο αντικείμενο από το δείπνο.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-table","x":0.515,"y":0.764,"title":"Χαμηλό τραπέζι","body":"Το τραπέζι συγκεντρώνει την οικογένεια. Το μυθιστόρημα αρχίζει με το δείπνο του Μάρκο στην αυλή.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.novel","src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-signature","x":0.782,"y":0.98,"title":"Υπογραφή και έτος","body":"Κάτω δεξιά βρίσκονται η υπογραφή του Όμπερμπαουερ και το έτος 1894. Ο καλλιτέχνης απεικονίζει μια σκηνή μυθιστορήματος.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":33.308,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"el_GR-rapunzelina-low","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.el.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s3-supper","duration":33.408,"src":"/audio/el/vazov-under-the-yoke/s3-supper.4098c1c2.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.cas2007"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s4-radas-classroom","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Ποιος βοηθά τα φοβισμένα παιδιά;","body":"Στο κεφάλαιο «Οι αγωνίες της Ράντα» η δασκάλα Ράντα οδηγεί τις μαθήτριές της σε ετήσια εξέταση μπροστά σε κοινό. Ο Στέφτσοφ θέτει ερωτήσεις που τις μπερδεύουν. Ο Ογκνιάνοφ είναι ήρωας του μυθιστορήματος. Παρεμβαίνει και ρωτά πιο κατανοητά. Τα παιδιά καταφέρνουν να απαντήσουν.\n\nΜπορούμε να διαβάσουμε τη σκηνή έτσι: η υποστήριξη βοηθά τα παιδιά να ξεπεράσουν τον φόβο.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-480.cf9b0f28.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-1600.cf9b0f28.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#4e483d","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.webp","id":"asset.vaz.house02","alt":"Μουσειακή διάταξη με υφαντά και σκεύη. Δεν έχει τεκμηριωθεί ότι είναι προσωπικά αντικείμενα του συγγραφέα. Δεν είναι η τάξη της Ράντα.","objectCaption":"Μουσειακή διάταξη με υφαντά και σκεύη. Δεν έχει τεκμηριωθεί ότι είναι προσωπικά αντικείμενα του συγγραφέα. 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