{"version":2,"locale":"en","id":"story.apollonia-sozopol","hasFind":true,"slug":"apollonia-sozopol","url":"/en/stories/apollonia-sozopol/","topic":"Sozopol","title":"The god who left town","summary":"A town loses its enormous statue. Coins, graves and clay figures help us understand who lived here before it and after it.","cover":{"title":"The god who left town","subtitle":"Ancient Apollonia is today’s Sozopol","hook":"Where is the enormous bronze Apollo?","summary":"A town loses its enormous statue. Coins, graves and clay figures help us understand who lived here before it and after it.","takeaway":"Ancient accounts and objects tell us about Apollonia, but some questions still have no certain answer."},"sortYear":-610,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.antiquity","styleId":"antiquity","sortOrder":6,"title":"Antiquity: Thracians, Greeks, Romans","dateLabel":"1st millennium BC – 6th century AD","eraShort":"Antiquity","slug":"antiquity","fill":"#D4CBBE","ink":"#221616","raised":"#DAD3C8","dark":"#6B6862"},"epochId":"epoch.antiquity","placeShort":"Sozopol","date":"c. 610 BC","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-alabastron-cutout-480.028bb0d1.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-alabastron-cutout-732.028bb0d1.avif","w":732}],"dominant":"#745239","h":2354,"w":732,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-alabastron-cutout-732.028bb0d1.webp","w":732}],"src":"/media/asset-apol-alabastron-cutout-732.028bb0d1.webp","id":"asset.apol.alabastron-cutout","alt":"Cut-out detail; background removed. Tall, narrow painted vessel with a human figure, photographed in Sozopol museum.","objectCaption":"Alabastron","caption":"Tall, narrow painted vessel with a human figure, photographed in Sozopol museum.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo / digitisation: Zde; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo / digitisation: Zde; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red-figure_alabastron,_young_soldier,_500_BC,_AM_Sozopol,_Sozm05.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"apollonia-sozopol.s1-bronze-god","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Thirty cubits of bronze","body":"You will not see the giant bronze Apollo in Sozopol today. Over two thousand years ago, it was taken to Rome. How tall was it? An ancient text describes thirty cubits, about 13 metres. A cubit is an old measure of length. This is an approximate conversion, not a surviving statue’s measurement. Another ancient account names Calamis as its maker. It stood in Apollo’s sanctuary, a place for worshipping the god. The town bore his name: Apollonia. Why did this bronze god end up so far from home?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-panorama-480.c0026872.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-panorama-960.c0026872.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-panorama-1600.c0026872.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#648cab","h":305,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-panorama-960.c0026872.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apol-panorama-960.c0026872.webp","id":"asset.apol.panorama","alt":"Modern houses above Sozopol’s rocky shore. Not a reconstruction of the ancient town.","objectCaption":"Modern houses above Sozopol’s rocky shore. Not a reconstruction of the ancient town.","caption":"Modern houses above Sozopol’s rocky shore. Not a reconstruction of the ancient town.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"cover","credit":"(WT-en) B-b-bbird is the word at English Wikivoyage · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo / digitisation: (WT-en) B-b-bbird is the word at English Wikivoyage; Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo / digitisation: (WT-en) B-b-bbird is the word at English Wikivoyage; Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sozopol_panorama_2.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.546083333333335,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.apollonia-sozopol.apollonia-sozopol.s1-bronze-god","duration":32.64,"src":"/audio/en/apollonia-sozopol/s1-bronze-god.0f30c4b3.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apol.strabo"},{"id":"src.apol.pliny"},{"id":"src.apol.topography"},{"id":"src.apol.history"}]},{"id":"apollonia-sozopol.s2-milesian-town","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"From Miletus to the Black Sea","body":"Before the statue, settlers arrived from Miletus. This was a Greek coastal city in what is now Turkey. They founded Apollonia around 610 BC, in the late seventh century before Christ. The town developed on the Black Sea coast during the following, sixth century. Here, a colony means a new settlement founded by people moving from another town.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Area of the ancient city from which settlers came.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.apol.miletus","name":"Miletus","latitude":37.531111,"longitude":27.275556,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1500,"sourceIds":["src.apol.coordinates"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"apol.miletus","url":"/en/map/#apol.miletus"},{"note":"Town area, not the ancient temple location.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.apol.sozopol","name":"Apollonia / 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Mountains","kind":"nature","x":5.055,"y":33.166,"viewX":5.055,"viewY":-2.0767940312499995},{"name":"Strandzha","kind":"nature","x":51.793,"y":27.971,"viewX":51.793,"viewY":-17.13011824999998}],"crop":{"sx":1,"sy":0.34510649770827717,"x":0,"y":0.33882715114586137},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":23.037541666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.apollonia-sozopol.apollonia-sozopol.s2-milesian-town","duration":23.168,"src":"/audio/en/apollonia-sozopol/s2-milesian-town.5c2b690c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apol.strabo"},{"id":"src.apol.topography"},{"id":"src.apol.history"},{"id":"src.apol.coordinates"}]},{"id":"apollonia-sozopol.s3-anchor-coin","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"A town on a coin","body":"This photograph shows both sides of a silver coin. On the left is Apollo’s head; on the right, an anchor. The anchor is Apollonia’s sign. Beside it are the letter A and a small crustacean, an animal with a hard shell. You can recognise the town without reading the whole inscription. On a coin, the anchor represents the town. It also appears on Apollonia’s bronze coins. This silver coin is not from the find we will learn about in the ancient cemetery.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-pair-480.68c37b91.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-pair-960.68c37b91.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-pair-1600.68c37b91.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#a4a2a0","h":880,"w":1634,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-pair-960.68c37b91.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-pair-960.68c37b91.webp","id":"asset.apol.coin-pair","alt":"Two sides of a silver coin. Apollo’s head on the left; anchor, A and crustacean on the right. A different object from the bronze hoard found in 2012.","objectCaption":"Two sides of a silver coin. Apollo’s head on the left; anchor, A and crustacean on the right. A different object from the bronze hoard found in 2012.","caption":"Two sides of a silver coin. Apollo’s head on the left; anchor, A and crustacean on the right. A different object from the bronze hoard found in 2012.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Classical Numismatic Group (CNG), Inc., www.cngcoins.com · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo / digitisation: Classical Numismatic Group (CNG), Inc., www.cngcoins.com; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo / digitisation: Classical Numismatic Group (CNG), Inc., www.cngcoins.com; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apollonia_Pontica_tetradrachm.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-apol-anchor","x":0.807,"y":0.415,"title":"Anchor","body":"Apollonia's emblem. This is an image on a coin, not a full-sized piece of ship equipment.","sourceIds":["src.apol.hoard","src.apol.photo.coin-pair"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-apol-letter","x":0.735,"y":0.537,"title":"The letter A","body":"The letter sits left of the anchor's shank. This letter also appears on the bronze coins from the find.","sourceIds":["src.apol.hoard","src.apol.photo.coin-pair"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-apol-crustacean","x":0.891,"y":0.527,"title":"Small crustacean","body":"To the right of the anchor is a small crustacean, an animal with a hard shell.","sourceIds":["src.apol.hoard","src.apol.photo.coin-pair"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":26.996541666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.apollonia-sozopol.apollonia-sozopol.s3-anchor-coin","duration":27.093,"src":"/audio/en/apollonia-sozopol/s3-anchor-coin.f74fc6df.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apol.hoard"},{"id":"src.apol.history"},{"id":"src.apol.cng"},{"id":"src.apol.photo.coin-pair"}]},{"id":"apollonia-sozopol.a1-anchor","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Activity: the town's emblem","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.apol.anchor","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Which sign on the coin represents Apollonia?","sourceIds":["src.apol.hoard","src.apol.history"],"items":[{"id":"opt-anchor","label":"The anchor"},{"id":"opt-ship","label":"A whole ship","whyWrong":"The photograph shows an anchor, not a whole ship."},{"id":"opt-jug","label":"A jug","whyWrong":"The jug belongs to the next discovery, not to the emblem on this coin."}],"explanation":"The anchor is Apollonia’s sign on its coins.","correctItemId":"opt-anchor","sources":[{"id":"src.apol.hoard"},{"id":"src.apol.history"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.219291666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.apollonia-sozopol.apollonia-sozopol.a1-anchor","duration":3.328,"src":"/audio/en/apollonia-sozopol/a1-anchor.41c5fb3b.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apol.hoard"},{"id":"src.apol.history"}]},{"id":"apollonia-sozopol.s4-necropolis","number":5,"kind":"narrative","title":"A jug beside the wall","body":"A necropolis is an ancient cemetery. The photograph shows a clay figure in the museum, not an excavation. In late June 2012, archaeologists found a small jug in the ancient cemetery containing 225 bronze coins. It stood beside a corner of an enclosure. Sometimes a coin was left for Charon. In Greek belief, this boatman carried the dead. This many coins are harder to explain that way. Archaeologists suggest someone hid the money and never returned. We do not know who.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-acrobat-480.e838d83f.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-acrobat-960.e838d83f.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-acrobat-1600.e838d83f.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#90836c","h":1289,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-acrobat-960.e838d83f.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apol-acrobat-960.e838d83f.webp","id":"asset.apol.acrobat","alt":"A sharply bent fired-clay human figure photographed in Sozopol museum. The photographer identifies it as an acrobat.","objectCaption":"A sharply bent fired-clay human figure photographed in Sozopol museum. The photographer identifies it as an acrobat.","caption":"A sharply bent fired-clay human figure photographed in Sozopol museum. The photographer identifies it as an acrobat.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo / digitisation: Zde; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo / digitisation: Zde; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acrobat,_small_terracotta_figurine,_4th_century_BC,_AM_Sozopol,_Sozm07.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-pitchers-480.4be8b6a4.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-pitchers-960.4be8b6a4.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-pitchers-1600.4be8b6a4.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#796e59","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-pitchers-960.4be8b6a4.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apol-pitchers-960.4be8b6a4.webp","id":"asset.apol.pitchers","alt":"A black jug with a tall handle in front of other jugs in a museum display. Not the vessel containing 225 coins.","objectCaption":"A black jug with a tall handle in front of other jugs in a museum display. Not the vessel containing 225 coins.","caption":"A black jug with a tall handle in front of other jugs in a museum display. Not the vessel containing 225 coins.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo / digitisation: Zde; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo / digitisation: Zde; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pitchers,_Greek_classical_period,_AM_Sozopol,_Sozm02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.5345,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.apollonia-sozopol.apollonia-sozopol.s4-necropolis","duration":32.64,"src":"/audio/en/apollonia-sozopol/s4-necropolis.a66951d1.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apol.necropolis"},{"id":"src.apol.hoard"},{"id":"src.apol.mission"},{"id":"src.apol.photo.acrobat"}]},{"id":"apollonia-sozopol.s5-rome","number":6,"kind":"map","title":"A trophy for Rome","body":"In 72 BC, Marcus Lucullus’s troops captured Apollonia. The enormous Apollo was taken as a war trophy, a valuable object seized by the victors. Ancient accounts place it on the Capitol, one of Rome’s hills. What happened next? The sources read do not establish where the statue is today or exactly how it disappeared. We cannot point to a modern display containing it. The coin beside the map shows a standing figure, not a photograph of the enormous statue.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-standing-480.4a6537bd.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-standing-960.4a6537bd.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-standing-1600.4a6537bd.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#a2a192","h":1573,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-standing-960.4a6537bd.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-standing-960.4a6537bd.webp","id":"asset.apol.coin-standing","alt":"A standing human figure on a bronze coin of Apollonia. This is not an anchor image or a photograph of the colossus.","objectCaption":"A standing human figure on a bronze coin of Apollonia. This is not an anchor image or a photograph of the colossus.","caption":"A standing human figure on a bronze coin of Apollonia. This is not an anchor image or a photograph of the colossus.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"National Library of France (digitisation; photographer not credited) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons / National Library of France","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo / digitisation: National Library of France (digitisation; photographer not credited); Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo / digitisation: National Library of France (digitisation; photographer not credited); Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Unmodified. 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Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo / digitisation: National Library of France (digitisation; photographer not credited); Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monnaie_-_Bronze,_Apollonia_Pontica,_Thrace_-_btv1b8586367k_(1_of_2).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"}},{"id":"asset.apol.coin-gorgon","src":"/media/asset-apol-coin-gorgon-960.c124cce5.webp","alt":"Wide-eyed face on a coin catalogued as a silver drachm from Apollonia. This side does not show an anchor.","w":1600,"h":1549,"caption":"Wide-eyed face on a coin catalogued as a silver drachm from Apollonia. 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Museum display; original or replica unconfirmed","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:National_History_Museum,_Sofia,_Bulgaria_20090405_333.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"minutes":5,"sceneCount":9}],"people":[{"id":"person.strabo","name":"Strabo","url":"/en/people/strabo/"},{"id":"person.calamis","name":"Calamis","url":"/en/people/calamis/"},{"id":"person.lucullus","name":"Marcus Lucullus","url":"/en/people/lucullus/"}],"rulers":[],"status":"draft","fact":{"id":"fact.discover.apollonia-sozopol","storyId":"story.apollonia-sozopol","factId":"F07","text":"Pliny gives Apollo’s statue a height of thirty cubits.","sourceIds":["src.apol.pliny"]},"collectionFind":{"number":26,"total":59,"title":"Alabastron","dateLabel":"Date not specified","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-alabastron-cutout-480.028bb0d1.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apol-alabastron-cutout-732.028bb0d1.avif","w":732}],"dominant":"#745239","h":2354,"w":732,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apol-alabastron-cutout-732.028bb0d1.webp","w":732}],"src":"/media/asset-apol-alabastron-cutout-732.028bb0d1.webp","id":"asset.apol.alabastron-cutout","alt":"Cut-out detail; background removed. Tall, narrow painted vessel with a human figure, photographed in Sozopol museum.","objectCaption":"Alabastron","caption":"Tall, narrow painted vessel with a human figure, photographed in Sozopol museum.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo / digitisation: Zde; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo / digitisation: Zde; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. 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