{"version":2,"locale":"en","id":"story.rose-valley","hasFind":true,"slug":"rose-valley","url":"/en/stories/rose-valley/","topic":"Rose Valley","title":"From rose blossom to oil","summary":"Pickers, stills and export vessels connect fields near Karlovo and Kazanlak to distant markets. Follow fresh blossom as it becomes oil.","cover":{"title":"From rose blossom to oil","subtitle":"Work and trade in the Rose Valley","hook":"How many roses make a kilogram of oil?","summary":"Pickers, stills and export vessels connect fields near Karlovo and Kazanlak to distant markets. Follow fresh blossom as it becomes oil.","takeaway":"A small vessel of oil brings together the work of pickers, craftspeople and merchants."},"sortYear":1650,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.ottoman","styleId":"ottoman","sortOrder":2,"title":"Ottoman period","dateLabel":"1396–1878","eraShort":"Ottoman period","slug":"ottoman","fill":"#9A7B66","ink":"#221616","raised":"#A98F7D","dark":"#6D5F55"},"epochId":"epoch.ottoman","placeShort":"Rose Valley","date":"17th–19th c.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-cutout-480.c4cf2198.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-cutout-741.c4cf2198.avif","w":741}],"dominant":"#97836d","h":786,"w":741,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-cutout-741.c4cf2198.webp","w":741}],"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-cutout-741.c4cf2198.webp","id":"asset.rose.containers-cutout","alt":"Cut-out detail; background removed. A small ornate bottle painted with a rose in front of larger vessels.","objectCaption":"Oil container","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Lyudmil Buyukliev · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Ornate bottle and vessels, museum display. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Ornate bottle and vessels, museum display. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Konkumas_-_Rose_Oil_Containers.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"rose-valley.s1-blossoms","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Blossoms for a kilogram of oil","body":"The photograph shows a Damask rose blossom. How many such flowers are needed for a kilogram of oil? About three and a half tonnes of rose blossom are needed. The amount varies with the flowers and the processing method.\n\nAn oil-bearing rose is grown for the fragrant oil in its flowers. The oil is not squeezed out like lemon juice. The flowers go into a still: a vessel for heating them with water. First, someone must pick them.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-rose-480.eb961d0c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-rose-960.eb961d0c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-rose-1600.eb961d0c.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#856947","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-rose-960.eb961d0c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rose-rose-960.eb961d0c.webp","id":"asset.rose.rose","alt":"Pink rose with many petals and a bee in the centre.","objectCaption":"Pink rose with many petals and a bee in the centre.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Edal Anton Lefterov · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Edal Anton Lefterov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Damask rose, modern photograph. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Edal Anton Lefterov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Damask rose, modern photograph. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Rosa_damascena.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":27.623458333333332,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.rose-valley.rose-valley.s1-blossoms","duration":27.733,"src":"/audio/en/rose-valley/s1-blossoms.9650a53a.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rose.eu2014"},{"id":"src.rose.bas-maiden"},{"id":"src.rose.omda"},{"id":"src.rose.photo.rose"}]},{"id":"rose-valley.s2-valley","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Karlovo and Kazanlak","body":"Find Karlovo and Kazanlak in the Rose Valley, between the Balkan range and Sredna Gora. The map marks towns, not old fields.\n\nRoses were grown for oil under Ottoman rule, when this region belonged to the Ottoman Empire. The European specification links production’s development to the seventeenth century. These accounts name no first grower. In 1853 a magazine described roses, water and copper vessels. Heating and cooling extracted oil for sale. Work in the fields starts early.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Levski’s birthplace. City anchor, not an exact birth location.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.karlovo","name":"Karlovo","latitude":42.642034,"longitude":24.80821,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q316841","src.lev.chronicle","src.rose.geo-karlovo","src.rose.omda"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.karlovo","url":"/en/map/#lev.karlovo"},{"note":"Town reference point. Today’s Rose Museum is in Rosarium park; the point is not its entrance.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.rose.kazanlak","name":"Kazanlak","latitude":42.618748,"longitude":25.393238,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.rose.geo-kazanlak","src.rose.omda","src.rose.museum"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"rose.kazanlak","url":"/en/map/#rose.kazanlak"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Levski’s birthplace. City anchor, not an exact birth location.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.karlovo","name":"Karlovo","latitude":42.642034,"longitude":24.80821,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q316841","src.lev.chronicle","src.rose.geo-karlovo","src.rose.omda"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.karlovo","url":"/en/map/#lev.karlovo","number":1,"x":41.35262,"y":52.28929,"inside":true,"viewX":45.47074477419355,"viewY":49.60785593548387},{"note":"Town reference point. Today’s Rose Museum is in Rosarium park; the point is not its entrance.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.rose.kazanlak","name":"Kazanlak","latitude":42.618748,"longitude":25.393238,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.rose.geo-kazanlak","src.rose.omda","src.rose.museum"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"rose.kazanlak","url":"/en/map/#rose.kazanlak","number":2,"x":48.66548,"y":52.90109,"inside":true,"viewX":54.52925522580645,"viewY":50.39214406451613}],"extent":[0,0,1,1],"orientation":[{"name":"Sofia","kind":"town","x":22.774,"y":50.826,"viewX":22.457228387096773,"viewY":47.732012561290325},{"name":"Plovdiv","kind":"town","x":40.566,"y":65.549,"viewX":44.49635096774194,"viewY":66.60594869032258},{"name":"Varna","kind":"town","x":80.184,"y":37.187,"viewX":93.57155096774193,"viewY":30.247694496774187},{"name":"Burgas","kind":"town","x":74.532,"y":55.892,"viewX":86.57036387096774,"viewY":54.226297722580654},{"name":"Ruse","kind":"town","x":55.821,"y":20.617,"viewX":63.3928670967742,"viewY":9.00602352903225},{"name":"Veliko Tarnovo","kind":"town","x":51.465,"y":40.853,"viewX":57.99704774193549,"viewY":34.94726998064516},{"name":"Pleven","kind":"town","x":38.834,"y":31.796,"viewX":42.350905806451614,"viewY":23.3367803032258},{"name":"Stara Zagora","kind":"town","x":51.681,"y":57.962,"viewX":58.264609032258065,"viewY":56.879904174193555},{"name":"Shumen","kind":"town","x":67.951,"y":35.671,"viewX":78.41841548387096,"viewY":28.30428030322579},{"name":"Vidin","kind":"town","x":17.099,"y":16.308,"viewX":15.427550967741935,"viewY":3.482163529032246},{"name":"Blagoevgrad","kind":"town","x":19.929,"y":68.531,"viewX":18.933099354838706,"viewY":70.42868030322582},{"name":"Haskovo","kind":"town","x":50.694,"y":70.78,"viewX":57.04200258064517,"viewY":73.31175320645161},{"name":"Smolyan","kind":"town","x":40.014,"y":80.031,"viewX":43.812583225806456,"viewY":85.17093836774194},{"name":"Sliven","kind":"town","x":60.286,"y":51.247,"viewX":68.92370580645162,"viewY":48.27170739999999},{"name":"Dobrich","kind":"town","x":79.091,"y":27.65,"viewX":92.21764129032258,"viewY":18.02187578709676},{"name":"Pernik","kind":"town","x":19.223,"y":53.257,"viewX":18.058570322580643,"viewY":50.84839772258064},{"name":"Yambol","kind":"town","x":62.544,"y":56.432,"viewX":71.72071225806451,"viewY":54.91854288387097},{"name":"Pazardzhik","kind":"town","x":35.42,"y":64.052,"viewX":38.12195096774194,"viewY":64.68689127096775},{"name":"Vratsa","kind":"town","x":25.661,"y":37.29,"viewX":26.03338322580645,"viewY":30.379733851612894},{"name":"Gabrovo","kind":"town","x":47.734,"y":46.177,"viewX":53.37542193548388,"viewY":41.772294496774194},{"name":"Kardzhali","kind":"town","x":48.471,"y":78.573,"viewX":54.28835096774193,"viewY":83.30187643225806},{"name":"Kyustendil","kind":"town","x":14.889,"y":61.673,"viewX":12.690002580645157,"viewY":61.63716675483871},{"name":"Montana","kind":"town","x":21.563,"y":31.916,"viewX":20.95715096774193,"viewY":23.490612561290312},{"name":"Lovech","kind":"town","x":40.178,"y":39.23,"viewX":44.01573161290322,"viewY":32.86668869032257},{"name":"Silistra","kind":"town","x":72.008,"y":13.056,"viewX":83.44386064516128,"viewY":-0.6866906645161446},{"name":"Targovishte","kind":"town","x":63.402,"y":36.202,"viewX":72.78352516129033,"viewY":28.984988045161288},{"name":"Razgrad","kind":"town","x":62.709,"y":28.698,"viewX":71.92509935483872,"viewY":19.36534417419354},{"name":"Kazanlak","kind":"town","x":48.661,"y":52.884,"viewX":54.5237058064516,"viewY":50.370235787096775},{"name":"Danube","kind":"nature","x":46.384,"y":23.924,"viewX":51.70316387096775,"viewY":13.24538417419354},{"name":"Black Sea","kind":"nature","x":86.25,"y":45.496,"viewX":101.08556387096775,"viewY":40.89929643225806},{"name":"Balkan Mountains","kind":"nature","x":41.25,"y":49.45,"viewX":45.34362838709677,"viewY":45.968069335483875},{"name":"Rila","kind":"nature","x":25.625,"y":65.69,"viewX":25.988789677419348,"viewY":66.78670159354839},{"name":"Pirin","kind":"nature","x":24.125,"y":75.565,"viewX":24.13072516129032,"viewY":79.44581449677419},{"name":"Rhodope Mountains","kind":"nature","x":38.75,"y":79.447,"viewX":42.24685419354839,"viewY":84.4222880451613},{"name":"Strandzha","kind":"nature","x":76.25,"y":67.774,"viewX":88.6984670967742,"viewY":69.45825514193548}],"crop":{"sx":0.8072916666666666,"sy":0.7800704579768494,"x":0.04644466666666669,"y":0.13591667101157534},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.17458333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.rose-valley.rose-valley.s2-valley","duration":32.299,"src":"/audio/en/rose-valley/s2-valley.bbadffdd.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rose.eu2014"},{"id":"src.rose.omda"},{"id":"src.rose.sciam1853"}]},{"id":"rose-valley.s3-pickers","number":3,"kind":"narrative","title":"Rose pickers fill the sacks","body":"Rose picking starts early. The museum account mentions the time before sunrise. The modern specification gives five or six in the morning. Fresh flowers must quickly reach the distillery, where oil is extracted.\n\nA 2020 report from Yagoda describes women picking with sacks. Sevdo recalls picking with his siblings as a child. This later recollection is not evidence about Ottoman rule. The engraving is a drawing from the past. The modern photograph shows festival participants near Kazanlak.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-engraving-480.1e36279a.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-engraving-960.1e36279a.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-engraving-1044.1e36279a.avif","w":1044}],"dominant":"#908d8a","h":1600,"w":1044,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-engraving-960.1e36279a.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rose-engraving-960.1e36279a.webp","id":"asset.rose.engraving","alt":"Drawn figures among rose bushes, with baskets and a carrying pole.","objectCaption":"Drawn figures among rose bushes, with baskets and a carrying pole.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Felix Philipp Kanitz · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Image: Felix Philipp Kanitz, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Rose picking, nineteenth-century engraving after Felix Kanitz. Wikimedia Commons dates its publication to 1879. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Felix Philipp Kanitz, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Rose picking, nineteenth-century engraving after Felix Kanitz. Wikimedia Commons dates its publication to 1879. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rose-picking_in_Bulgaria_1870ies.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Public_domain"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-pickers-480.a61c7f77.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-pickers-960.a61c7f77.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-pickers-1600.a61c7f77.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#777867","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-pickers-960.a61c7f77.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rose-pickers-960.a61c7f77.webp","id":"asset.rose.pickers","alt":"Women in traditional dress stand beside a field; two girls photograph them with a phone.","objectCaption":"Women in traditional dress stand beside a field; two girls photograph them with a phone.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Dachegraphy · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Dachegraphy, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern festival scene near Kazanlak. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Dachegraphy, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern festival scene near Kazanlak. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_rose_pickers_are_documenting_their_grandma%27s_outfits_(Kazanlak,_Bulgaria).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.35183333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.rose-valley.rose-valley.s3-pickers","duration":30.464,"src":"/audio/en/rose-valley/s3-pickers.1083f578.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rose.eu2014"},{"id":"src.rose.bas-maiden"},{"id":"src.rose.harmonica"},{"id":"src.rose.photo.engraving"},{"id":"src.rose.photo.pickers"}]},{"id":"rose-valley.s4-still","number":4,"kind":"artifact","title":"The still turns water into steam","body":"Look at the museum installation. Flowers and water are heated in the still. Steam carries fragrant substances along the pipe. The cooler holds cold water around the steam pipe. Cooling turns steam into liquid. Heating and cooling are part of distillation. Oil is then separated from rose water.\n\nThe European specification also describes distilling the fragrant water again for more oil. The photograph shows a museum arrangement, not a nineteenth-century working shift. Find the still, pipe and cooler.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-still-480.a1957c33.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-still-960.a1957c33.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-still-1600.a1957c33.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#aba9a5","h":1600,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-still-960.a1957c33.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rose-still-960.a1957c33.webp","id":"asset.rose.still","alt":"Three stills with sloping pipes and a water cooler in front.","objectCaption":"Three stills with sloping pipes and a water cooler in front.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Lyudmil Buyukliev · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Rose-distilling installation, museum arrangement in Kazanlak. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Rose-distilling installation, museum arrangement in Kazanlak. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19th_c._Distillation_of_Rose_Oil.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-rose-boiler","x":0.353,"y":0.405,"title":"Still","body":"Flowers and water are heated here. This is a museum installation.","sourceIds":["src.rose.omda","src.rose.sciam1853","src.rose.photo.still"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rose-pipe","x":0.436,"y":0.338,"title":"Steam pipe","body":"The sloping pipe leads the steam towards the cooler.","sourceIds":["src.rose.omda","src.rose.photo.still"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rose-cooler","x":0.534,"y":0.582,"title":"Cooler","body":"Water in the trough cools the pipe. The steam inside turns into liquid.","sourceIds":["src.rose.omda","src.rose.photo.still"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.653666666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.rose-valley.rose-valley.s4-still","duration":30.763,"src":"/audio/en/rose-valley/s4-still.fdca74c3.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rose.eu2014"},{"id":"src.rose.omda"},{"id":"src.rose.sciam1853"},{"id":"src.rose.photo.still"}]},{"id":"rose-valley.a1-choice","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Activity: why hurry?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.rose.activity-choice","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Why must the blossom reach the distillery quickly?","sourceIds":["src.rose.eu2014"],"items":[{"id":"o-fresh","label":"So it can be processed fresh."},{"id":"o-dry","label":"So it can dry there for months.","whyWrong":"The story describes processing fresh blossom."},{"id":"o-parade","label":"So the festival can begin.","whyWrong":"The festival does not explain rapid processing."}],"explanation":"Freshness matters for quality. Distilleries are close to the fields.","correctItemId":"o-fresh","sources":[{"id":"src.rose.eu2014"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.3005833333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.rose-valley.rose-valley.a1-choice","duration":3.413,"src":"/audio/en/rose-valley/a1-choice.7c813324.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rose.eu2014"}]},{"id":"rose-valley.s5-export","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"The label on the export vessel","body":"By the end of the nineteenth century, rose products reached France, England and the United States. This was export: selling goods abroad. We can see the vessel as a trace of pickers’, craftspeople’s and merchants’ work.\n\nThe 1853 account mentions copper vessels sealed with melted metal after filling. The photograph shows museum export packages with coverings and labels. Another display contains an ornate bottle decorated with a rose. It presents the fragrant product differently. It is not a distilling tool.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-export-480.608105bd.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-export-960.608105bd.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-export-1600.608105bd.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#938f8e","h":1600,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-export-960.608105bd.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rose-export-960.608105bd.webp","id":"asset.rose.export","alt":"Wrapped round vessels with labels, ribbons and cords.","objectCaption":"Wrapped round vessels with labels, ribbons and cords.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Lyudmil Buyukliev · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Rose-oil export packages, museum display. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Rose-oil export packages, museum display. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Export_Konkumas_-_Rose_Oil_Containers.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-480.ab08dcbd.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-960.ab08dcbd.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-1600.ab08dcbd.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-2400.ab08dcbd.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#959492","h":1600,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-960.ab08dcbd.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rose-containers-960.ab08dcbd.webp","id":"asset.rose.containers","alt":"A small ornate bottle painted with a rose in front of larger vessels.","objectCaption":"Oil container","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Lyudmil Buyukliev · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Ornate bottle and vessels, museum display. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Ornate bottle and vessels, museum display. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Konkumas_-_Rose_Oil_Containers.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-rose-package","x":0.499,"y":0.747,"title":"Export package","body":"A covered vessel in the museum export display. Its inner metal is not visible in this photograph.","sourceIds":["src.rose.museum","src.rose.photo.export"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rose-label","x":0.805,"y":0.277,"title":"Label","body":"The label says Essence de rose: French for “rose essence”. The words name the product.","sourceIds":["src.rose.photo.export"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rose-tie","x":0.359,"y":0.453,"title":"Tie","body":"Cord and ribbon are visible on the package. They belong to its wrapping; their colours alone do not date the vessel.","sourceIds":["src.rose.photo.export"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.82475,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.rose-valley.rose-valley.s5-export","duration":32.939,"src":"/audio/en/rose-valley/s5-export.371ef778.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rose.trade2017"},{"id":"src.rose.sciam1853"},{"id":"src.rose.museum"},{"id":"src.rose.photo.export"},{"id":"src.rose.photo.containers"}]},{"id":"rose-valley.a2-sequence","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Activity: from blossom to oil","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.rose.activity-sequence","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Put the main steps from the still scene in order.","sourceIds":["src.rose.omda","src.rose.eu2014"],"items":[{"id":"seq-pick","label":"Pick fresh flowers."},{"id":"seq-heat","label":"Heat flowers and water."},{"id":"seq-cool","label":"Cool the steam into liquid."},{"id":"seq-separate","label":"Separate oil from water."}],"explanation":"First the raw material is gathered. 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The old building in the separate photograph is the museum’s former home. The stills and vessels show how oil is made and sold.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-laboratory-480.658ef9b8.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-laboratory-960.658ef9b8.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rose-laboratory-1600.658ef9b8.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#9e9590","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rose-laboratory-960.658ef9b8.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rose-laboratory-960.658ef9b8.webp","id":"asset.rose.laboratory","alt":"Scales, glass vessels and an instrument on a table in a museum room.","objectCaption":"Scales, glass vessels and an instrument on a table in a museum room.","caption":"","kind":"reconstruction","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Lyudmil Buyukliev · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Lyudmil Buyukliev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reconstructed laboratory, Rose Museum. 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Rose Festival procession in Kazanlak, modern photograph. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Moni Monev, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Rose Festival procession in Kazanlak, modern photograph. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kazanluk(BULGARIA)_praznik_na_rozata_-_panoramio.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.rose.activity-matching","kind":"matching","prompt":"The Rose Festival has demonstrations of rose picking and distilling. There is also a procession: participants walk together past the audience. Kazanlak municipality dates the festival’s beginning to 1903.\n\nMatch each thing to its role in the story.","sourceIds":["src.rose.eu2014","src.rose.omda","src.rose.festival-program","src.rose.festival","src.rose.photo.festival"],"items":[{"id":"m-rose","label":"Damask rose","pairedLabel":"Provides fragrant flowers."},{"id":"m-cooler","label":"Cooler","pairedLabel":"Turns steam into liquid."},{"id":"m-procession","label":"Procession","pairedLabel":"Belongs to the festival performance."}],"explanation":"The plant supplies the raw material, the cooler works in distillation, and the procession belongs to the festival.","sources":[{"id":"src.rose.eu2014"},{"id":"src.rose.omda"},{"id":"src.rose.festival-program"},{"id":"src.rose.festival"},{"id":"src.rose.photo.festival"}],"columns":["Item","Description"]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":15.572333333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.rose-valley.rose-valley.a3-matching","duration":15.701,"src":"/audio/en/rose-valley/a3-matching.dc9d273e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rose.eu2014"},{"id":"src.rose.omda"},{"id":"src.rose.festival-program"},{"id":"src.rose.festival"},{"id":"src.rose.photo.festival"}]}],"minutes":4,"sources":[{"year":2022,"url":"https://www.math.bas.bg/vt/REMPlovdiv/01TheMaiden.php?lang=en","institutionOrAuthor":"Регионален етнографски музей – Пловдив; Институт по математика и информатика – БАН","id":"src.rose.bas-maiden","authors":["Регионален етнографски музей – Пловдив","Институт по математика и информатика – БАН"],"title":"The Bride (Maiden) — Digital Cultural Road “Shepherd and Bride”","container":"Digital Cultural Road / Regional Ethnographic Museum – Plovdiv","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"The museum account gives 3–4 tonnes of petals per kg of oil, picking before sunrise and an 1876 still; dates the rose’s introduction to the sixteenth century."},"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg"}},{"year":null,"url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52014XC0425(02)","institutionOrAuthor":"European Commission","id":"src.rose.eu2014","authors":["European Commission"],"title":"Publication of an application: Българско розово масло (Bulgarsko rozovo maslo), 2014/C 122/05","container":"Official Journal of the European Union","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"The specification gives about 3500 kg of blossom per kg of oil. Blossom includes petals and sepals. The Plovdiv museum gives 3–4 tonnes of petals; OMDA gives 3–5 tonnes of blossom depending on quality and method. These measures are not identical. Describes picking, distillation, redistillation and oil separation; links production’s development to the seventeenth century."},"pages":"12–16","license":"EU official legal text; acknowledge European Union / EUR-Lex","fieldLanguages":{"title":"bg"}},{"year":2024,"url":"https://www.kazanlak.bg/praznikat-na-rozata-udalzhi-patenta-si-do-2034-godina","institutionOrAuthor":"Община Казанлък","id":"src.rose.festival","authors":["Община Казанлък"],"title":"Празникът на розата удължи патента си до 2034 година","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Municipality dates Kazanlak festival’s beginning to 1903 and associates it with charity."},"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"},"container":""},{"year":2015,"url":"https://www.kazanlak.bg/festival-na-rozata","institutionOrAuthor":"Община Казанлък","id":"src.rose.festival-program","authors":["Община Казанлък"],"title":"Фестивал на розата","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Modern demonstrations and procession."},"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"},"container":""},{"year":2020,"url":"https://harmonica.bg/en/rose-picking-with-harmonica/","institutionOrAuthor":"Marina Mihaylova","id":"src.rose.harmonica","authors":["Marina Mihaylova"],"title":"Rose-picking with harmonica","container":"Harmonica — Stories","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Observed women pickers and Sevdo’s childhood recollection of picking with siblings; later period only."}},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.tourism.government.bg/bg/tourist-destinations/2307/2406","institutionOrAuthor":"Министерство на туризма на Република България","id":"src.rose.ministry-museum","authors":["Министерство на туризма на Република България"],"title":"Музей на розата","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Alternative laboratory date: 1912; museum objects."},"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"},"container":""},{"year":2012,"url":"https://www.kazanlak.bg/muzey-na-rozata","institutionOrAuthor":"Община Казанлък","id":"src.rose.museum","authors":["Община Казанлък"],"title":"Музей на розата","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Museum displays, 1969 milestone, Rosarium park location; 1907 laboratory date variant."},"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"},"container":""},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.omda.bg/public/engl/ethnography/rose_oil_production.htm","institutionOrAuthor":"OMDA (editor not named)","id":"src.rose.omda","authors":["OMDA (editor not named)"],"title":"Traditional Rose Oil Production","container":"OMDA — Folk Arts and Crafts","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Geography, variable 3–5 tonne yield, still components; explicitly labelled Indian legend."}},{"year":2016,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Konkumas_-_Rose_Oil_Containers.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Lyudmil Buyukliev","id":"src.rose.photo.containers","authors":["Lyudmil Buyukliev"],"title":"Konkumas - Rose Oil Containers.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Image licence and visible contents; does not establish object dating."},"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rose-picking_in_Bulgaria_1870ies.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Felix Philipp Kanitz","id":"src.rose.photo.engraving","authors":["Felix Philipp Kanitz"],"title":"Rose-picking in Bulgaria 1870ies.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Nineteenth-century rose-picking drawing. The 1879 date, volume I and page 238 are attributed to Wikimedia Commons; the book page has not been independently collated."},"license":"Public domain"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Export_Konkumas_-_Rose_Oil_Containers.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Lyudmil Buyukliev","id":"src.rose.photo.export","authors":["Lyudmil Buyukliev"],"title":"Export Konkumas - Rose Oil Containers.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Visible packages, ties and the label Essence de rose: French for “rose essence”. Identification is editorial from the photograph; the inner metal is not visible."},"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kazanluk(BULGARIA)_praznik_na_rozata_-_panoramio.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Moni Monev","id":"src.rose.photo.festival","authors":["Moni Monev"],"title":"Kazanluk(BULGARIA) praznik na rozata - panoramio.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Image licence and visible contents; does not establish object dating."},"license":"CC BY 3.0"},{"year":2016,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rose_Oil_Laboratory.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Lyudmil Buyukliev","id":"src.rose.photo.laboratory","authors":["Lyudmil Buyukliev"],"title":"Rose Oil Laboratory.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Image licence and visible contents; does not establish object dating."},"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0"},{"year":2007,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_of_the_Rose_Kazanlak.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Михал Орела","id":"src.rose.photo.museum","authors":["Михал Орела"],"title":"Museum of the Rose Kazanlak.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Image licence and visible contents; does not establish object dating."},"license":"CC BY 3.0"},{"year":2016,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_rose_pickers_are_documenting_their_grandma%27s_outfits_(Kazanlak,_Bulgaria).jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Dachegraphy","id":"src.rose.photo.pickers","authors":["Dachegraphy"],"title":"Young rose pickers are documenting their grandma's outfits (Kazanlak, Bulgaria).jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Image licence and visible contents; does not establish object dating."},"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Rosa_damascena.JPG","institutionOrAuthor":"Edal Anton Lefterov","id":"src.rose.photo.rose","authors":["Edal Anton Lefterov"],"title":"Bulgarian Rosa damascena.JPG","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Image licence and visible contents; does not establish object dating."},"license":"CC BY-SA 3.0"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:19th_c._Distillation_of_Rose_Oil.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Lyudmil Buyukliev","id":"src.rose.photo.still","authors":["Lyudmil Buyukliev"],"title":"19th c. 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Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Konkumas_-_Rose_Oil_Containers.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"}},{"id":"asset.rose.rose","src":"/media/asset-rose-rose-960.eb961d0c.webp","alt":"Pink rose with many petals and a bee in the centre.","w":1600,"h":1067,"caption":"","credit":"Edal Anton Lefterov · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Image: Edal Anton Lefterov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Damask rose, modern photograph. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Edal Anton Lefterov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Damask rose, modern photograph. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgarian_Rosa_damascena.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"}},{"id":"asset.rose.engraving","src":"/media/asset-rose-engraving-960.1e36279a.webp","alt":"Drawn figures among rose bushes, with baskets and a carrying pole.","w":1044,"h":1600,"caption":"","credit":"Felix Philipp Kanitz · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Image: Felix Philipp Kanitz, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Rose picking, nineteenth-century engraving after Felix Kanitz. Wikimedia Commons dates its publication to 1879. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Felix Philipp Kanitz, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Rose picking, nineteenth-century engraving after Felix Kanitz. Wikimedia Commons dates its publication to 1879. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rose-picking_in_Bulgaria_1870ies.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Public_domain","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"}},{"id":"asset.rose.pickers","src":"/media/asset-rose-pickers-960.a61c7f77.webp","alt":"Women in traditional dress stand beside a field; two girls photograph them with a phone.","w":1600,"h":1067,"caption":"","credit":"Dachegraphy · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Dachegraphy, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern festival scene near Kazanlak. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Dachegraphy, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Modern festival scene near Kazanlak. 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