{"version":2,"locale":"en","id":"story.vazov-under-the-yoke","hasFind":true,"slug":"vazov-under-the-yoke","url":"/en/stories/vazov-under-the-yoke/","topic":"Ivan Vazov","title":"Why did Vazov write Under the Yoke far from home?","summary":"Vazov begins Under the Yoke in Odesa. A family supper and a school examination introduce Byala Cherkva before the uprising. Later, the novel helps people reconstruct his birth house.","cover":{"title":"Why did Vazov write Under the Yoke far from home?","subtitle":"Vazov writes in Odesa and remembers Sopot","hook":"Why does Vazov begin Under the Yoke in Odesa?","summary":"Vazov begins Under the Yoke in Odesa. A family supper and a school examination introduce Byala Cherkva before the uprising. Later, the novel helps people reconstruct his birth house.","takeaway":"We can compare the novel and the rebuilt house: both draw on memories."},"sortYear":1894,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Revival and Liberation","dateLabel":"18th–19th centuries","eraShort":"Revival","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Sopot and Odesa","date":"1887–1894","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-480.5007b5ff.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-1600.5007b5ff.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#6a5a49","h":2180,"w":1672,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","id":"asset.vaz.portrait-cutout","alt":"Cut-out detail; background removed. Ivan Vazov. Archival portrait, date unknown.","objectCaption":"Under the Yoke","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archive","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unknown author · Public domain · Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Cut-out detail; background removed. Archival photograph","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Cut-out detail; background removed. Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-937K-1-410-7-Ivan_Vazov_(cropped).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s1-far-from-home","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Vazov writes far from home","body":"In Odesa, Ivan Vazov starts a novel about people back home. It is 1887. He is a political exile: he has left Bulgaria because people with his views face persecution. Vazov supports close relations with Russia. At home, those relations are the subject of a bitter political argument.\n\nYears later, he recalls how much he missed Bulgaria. Writing brought Sopot’s courtyards and people back to his mind. This is how the author later described his inspiration. It is a recollection, recorded long after the work.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-480.0fedac15.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-1115.0fedac15.avif","w":1115}],"dominant":"#4a4538","h":1600,"w":1115,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.webp","id":"asset.vaz.portrait","alt":"Ivan Vazov. Archival portrait, date unknown.","objectCaption":"Under the Yoke","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archive","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unknown author · Public domain · Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Processed image. Archival photograph","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Processed image. Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-937K-1-410-7-Ivan_Vazov_(cropped).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":33.14983333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s1-far-from-home","duration":33.28,"src":"/audio/en/vazov-under-the-yoke/s1-far-from-home.89a58d63.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s2-three-cities","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Sopot, Odesa and London","body":"The map marks three cities. Sopot is Vazov’s hometown. Odesa is the city of exile where he begins the novel. London will be the city of the early English edition. These are approximate city markers, not addresses of rooms or printing houses.\n\nInside the book, the main town is called Byala Cherkva. Vazov draws on memories of Sopot. This is a fictional world, rather than an exact plan of the real town.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Vazov’s hometown and the location of the reconstructed house museum.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vaz.sopot","name":"Sopot","latitude":42.653911,"longitude":24.755016,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2500,"sourceIds":["src.vaz.coord.sopot"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vaz.sopot","url":"/en/map/#vaz.sopot"},{"note":"Vasil Aprilov lived in Odesa and supported Bulgarian educational projects, including the school in Gabrovo.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.odesa","name":"Odesa (Odessa)","latitude":46.4843023,"longitude":30.7322878,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa","src.gabrovo.gotovska-2024","src.gabrovo.osm","src.vaz.coord.odesa"],"radiusMeters":5000,"short":"Odesa","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.odesa","url":"/en/map/#gabrovo.odesa"},{"note":"The city of the early English 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Joseph Oberbauer’s picture shows a group of people, a low table and a lantern. It is an illustration from 1894, not a photograph of an actual supper.\n\nFrom this everyday setting, the novel leads towards preparations for the April Uprising. This was a revolt against Ottoman rule in 1876. The Ottoman Empire was the state ruling these lands at the time. The historical uprising was suppressed.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-480.66dca97e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-1600.66dca97e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#afb4b3","h":1488,"w":2119,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.webp","id":"asset.vaz.marko","alt":"Joseph Oberbauer: Marko and his family, 1894. Illustration, not a photograph of an event.","objectCaption":"Joseph Oberbauer: Marko and his family, 1894. Illustration, not a photograph of an event.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Drawing","kind":"artwork","visibleKind":"Drawing","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер); Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Illustration","attributionParts":[{"text":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер); Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Illustration","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-vaz-lantern","x":0.515,"y":0.443,"title":"Lantern","body":"A lantern is drawn above the table. It is part of the illustration, not an object preserved from the supper.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-table","x":0.515,"y":0.764,"title":"Low table","body":"The table brings the family together. The novel opens with Marko’s courtyard supper.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.novel","src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-signature","x":0.782,"y":0.98,"title":"Signature and year","body":"At bottom right are Oberbauer’s signature and the year 1894. The artist depicts a scene from a novel.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":33.440083333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s3-supper","duration":33.536,"src":"/audio/en/vazov-under-the-yoke/s3-supper.d3636065.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.cas2007"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s4-radas-classroom","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Who helps the frightened children?","body":"In the chapter Rada’s Troubles, the teacher Rada brings her pupils to an annual examination. An audience watches them. Stefchov asks questions that confuse them. Ognyanov is a character in the novel. He steps in and asks clearer questions. The children manage to answer.\n\nWe can read the scene this way: support helps the children overcome their fear.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-480.cf9b0f28.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-1600.cf9b0f28.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#4e483d","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.webp","id":"asset.vaz.house02","alt":"Museum arrangement with textiles and vessels. These have not been established as the writer’s personal possessions. This is not Rada’s classroom.","objectCaption":"Museum arrangement with textiles and vessels. These have not been established as the writer’s personal possessions. This is not Rada’s classroom.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":21.1335,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s4-radas-classroom","duration":21.248,"src":"/audio/en/vazov-under-the-yoke/s4-radas-classroom.66292e06.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.mon2023"},{"id":"src.vaz.nbu2020"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.house02"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.a1-picture","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Activity: what does the picture establish?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.vaz.picture","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"What is the picture of the family supper?","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko","src.vaz.novel"],"items":[{"id":"opt-illustration","label":"An illustration for the novel."},{"id":"opt-photo","label":"A photograph of Marko’s actual supper.","whyWrong":"It is a drawn literary illustration, not a photograph."},{"id":"opt-school","label":"A photograph of Rada’s examination.","whyWrong":"It shows a family and table, not a school examination; it is a drawing."}],"explanation":"Oberbauer depicts a literary scene. His signature and the year appear on the image.","correctItemId":"opt-illustration","sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.novel"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.8361666666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.a1-picture","duration":2.944,"src":"/audio/en/vazov-under-the-yoke/a1-picture.41d7366f.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.novel"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s5-book-crosses-languages","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"A book with two different dates","body":"The novel appears in instalments in 1889–1890. Vazov is still completing it after returning to Bulgaria. Because of eye trouble, he dictates the continuation to his brother Boris. In 1894 Chipev publishes the separate Bulgarian book.\n\nThe English book appears in London in late 1893, although it bears the date 1894. Translations carry the story to people who cannot read Bulgarian.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-480.741ea8ed.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-1397.741ea8ed.avif","w":1397}],"dominant":"#f4f4f4","h":2111,"w":1397,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.webp","id":"asset.vaz.title","alt":"Title page of Under the Yoke, Sofia, 1894.","objectCaption":"Title page of Under the Yoke, Sofia, 1894.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archive","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unknown author · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Title page","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown author; Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Title page","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-vaz-title","x":0.49,"y":0.23,"title":"The title","body":"The title uses older Bulgarian spelling. Here we can read “yoke” as an image of Ottoman rule.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.edition1894","src.vaz.cas2007"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-edition","x":0.51,"y":0.721,"title":"Second edition","body":"This says Second edition. The novel first appeared in parts in a publication called the Collection.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.edition1894"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-date","x":0.51,"y":0.935,"title":"Sofia, 1894","body":"The bottom names Sofia, publisher Chipev and 1894. This is the Bulgarian book, not the English translation.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.edition1894"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.0995,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s5-book-crosses-languages","duration":28.203,"src":"/audio/en/vazov-under-the-yoke/s5-book-crosses-languages.0e8a22f4.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"},{"id":"src.vaz.trendafilov2015"},{"id":"src.vaz.edition1894"},{"id":"src.vaz.french"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.title"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.a2-timeline","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Activity: put the events in order","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.vaz.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Put these events in order, earliest first.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.cas2007","src.vaz.todorov1990","src.vaz.edition1894","src.vaz.museum"],"items":[{"id":"ev-uprising","label":"April Uprising"},{"id":"ev-writing","label":"Starts the novel in Odesa"},{"id":"ev-book","label":"Separate Bulgarian book"}],"explanation":"The uprising comes before the writing. The separate book follows the start of composition.","correctOrderIds":["ev-uprising","ev-writing","ev-book"],"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.cas2007"},{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"},{"id":"src.vaz.edition1894"},{"id":"src.vaz.museum"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.509541666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.a2-timeline","duration":3.627,"src":"/audio/en/vazov-under-the-yoke/a2-timeline.e6cfd0a0.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.cas2007"},{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"},{"id":"src.vaz.edition1894"},{"id":"src.vaz.museum"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s6-house-and-memory","number":8,"kind":"narrative","title":"A house rebuilt after the fire","body":"Vazov’s birth house in Sopot burns down in July 1877. Reconstruction begins in 1931, and the museum opens in 1935.\n\nThe rooms are arranged using family accounts and works such as Under the Yoke. Today’s photograph shows the rebuilt home, rather than the untouched house of his childhood.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house22-480.705a6d37.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house22-960.705a6d37.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house22-1600.705a6d37.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#5b5c59","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house22-960.705a6d37.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house22-960.705a6d37.webp","id":"asset.vaz.house22","alt":"Courtyard of the reconstructed house museum in Sopot. Modern photograph.","objectCaption":"Courtyard of the reconstructed house museum in Sopot. Modern photograph.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"cover","credit":"vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_22.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-archive-480.26e22bc6.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-archive-960.26e22bc6.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-archive-1600.26e22bc6.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#636054","h":979,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-archive-960.26e22bc6.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-archive-960.26e22bc6.webp","id":"asset.vaz.archive","alt":"Sopot house museum. Undated archival photograph; it does not establish the appearance before the fire.","objectCaption":"Sopot house museum. Undated archival photograph; it does not establish the appearance before the fire.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archive","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Unknown author · Public domain · Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 1399K-1-1853-6. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Archival photograph","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 1399K-1-1853-6. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-1399K-1-1853-6-Ivan_Vazov%27s_house,_Sopot.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house13-480.18ad4a8b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house13-960.18ad4a8b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house13-1600.18ad4a8b.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#4d402a","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house13-960.18ad4a8b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house13-960.18ad4a8b.webp","id":"asset.vaz.house13","alt":"Museum interior with cushions and windows. Individual objects have not been authenticated.","objectCaption":"Museum interior with cushions and windows. Individual objects have not been authenticated.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_13.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house01-480.69d7ff17.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house01-960.69d7ff17.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house01-1200.69d7ff17.avif","w":1200}],"dominant":"#3a3029","h":1600,"w":1200,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house01-960.69d7ff17.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house01-960.69d7ff17.webp","id":"asset.vaz.house01","alt":"Museum arrangement of hearth, kettle and low table. It is not a photograph of the novel’s supper.","objectCaption":"Museum arrangement of hearth, kettle and low table. It is not a photograph of the novel’s supper.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_01.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house14-480.620fc0a4.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house14-960.620fc0a4.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house14-1600.620fc0a4.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#423931","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house14-960.620fc0a4.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house14-960.620fc0a4.webp","id":"asset.vaz.house14","alt":"Metal plates on a shelf in a museum interior. Their dates have not been established.","objectCaption":"Metal plates on a shelf in a museum interior. Their dates have not been established.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_14.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":21.714,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s6-house-and-memory","duration":21.803,"src":"/audio/en/vazov-under-the-yoke/s6-house-and-memory.6d47f780.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.museum"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.house22"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.archive"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.house13"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.house01"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.house14"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.a3-matching","number":9,"kind":"activity","title":"Activity: match the people","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.vaz.matching","kind":"matching","prompt":"Match each person to their role in this story.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.todorov1990","src.vaz.novel","src.vaz.museum"],"items":[{"id":"m-vazov","label":"Ivan Vazov","pairedLabel":"The writer in Odesa"},{"id":"m-rada","label":"Rada","pairedLabel":"The teacher in the novel"},{"id":"m-boris","label":"Boris","pairedLabel":"The brother who records the dictation"}],"explanation":"Vazov creates the novel. Rada is a fictional character. Boris is his real brother, who helps with the writing.","sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"},{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.museum"}],"columns":["Person","Role"]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.068375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.a3-matching","duration":3.157,"src":"/audio/en/vazov-under-the-yoke/a3-matching.bac15e52.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"},{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.museum"}]}],"minutes":3,"sources":[{"year":2007,"url":"https://idreader.cas.bg/files/ID-Reader-vol2-National-Romanticism.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Balázs Trencsényi and Michal Kopeček (eds.); entry signed BM (Boyan Manchev)","id":"src.vaz.cas2007","title":"Ivan Vazov: Under the yoke","container":"Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945), vol. II: National Romanticism — The Formation of National Movements. Budapest/New York: CEU Press","pages":"87–93","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Reputation as most famous novel (attributed assessment); 1876 historical context; fictional Byala Cherkva and Ognyanov; critical reading of national memory."},"authors":["Balázs Trencsényi and Michal Kopeček (eds.); entry signed BM (Boyan Manchev)"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","isPdf":true},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84","institutionOrAuthor":"Wikimedia geographical database contributors","id":"src.vaz.coord.london","title":"London: geographical record","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"City reference for English publication, not a publisher building."},"authors":["Wikimedia geographical database contributors"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","container":""},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1874","institutionOrAuthor":"Wikimedia geographical database contributors","id":"src.vaz.coord.odesa","title":"Odesa: geographical record","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"City reference only; no verified writing-room address."},"authors":["Wikimedia geographical database contributors"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","container":""},{"year":null,"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407110","institutionOrAuthor":"Wikimedia geographical database contributors","id":"src.vaz.coord.sopot","title":"Sopot: geographical record","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"City reference for birthplace and house museum; not an exact museum point. Fictional Byala Cherkva is associated with Sopot, not independently geocoded."},"authors":["Wikimedia geographical database contributors"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","container":""},{"year":1894,"url":"https://serdica.libsofia.bg/items/show/15926","institutionOrAuthor":"Иван Вазов; Столична библиотека","id":"src.vaz.edition1894","title":"Под игото","container":"Дигитална платформа „Сердика“; София: Т. Ф. Чипев","pages":"512 с., 25 л.","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Separate Bulgarian edition, Sofia, Chipev, 1894; labelled second edition; three parts; title page announces 25 illustrations; catalogue records 512 pages and 25 leaves."},"authors":["Иван Вазов; Столична библиотека"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg","container":"bg"}},{"year":1897,"url":"https://search.worldcat.org/fr/title/Sous-le-joug-turc-%28Pod-Igoto%29-%3A-roman-de-la-vie-des-Bulgares-a-la-veille-de-leur-liberation/oclc/26248388","institutionOrAuthor":"OCLC WorldCat; Ivan Vazov; V. Andreev; Louis Léger","id":"src.vaz.french","title":"Sous le joug turc (Pod Igoto): roman de la vie des Bulgares à la veille de leur libération","container":"WorldCat catalogue, OCLC 26248388; Paris: H. Jouve","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"French translation; catalogue date is approximate, not an exact publication day."},"authors":["OCLC WorldCat; Ivan Vazov; V. Andreev; Louis Léger"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-1399K-1-1853-6-Ivan_Vazov%27s_house,_Sopot.JPG","institutionOrAuthor":"Unknown author","id":"src.vaz.media.archive","title":"File:BASA-1399K-1-1853-6-Ivan Vazov's house, Sopot.JPG","container":"Wikimedia Commons / Bulgarian Archives State Agency","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Licence, attribution and visible features only; historical claims use separate research sources."},"authors":["Unknown author"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_01.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"vislupus","id":"src.vaz.media.house01","title":"File:House-Museum of Ivan Vazov 01.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Licence, attribution and visible features only; historical claims use separate research sources."},"authors":["vislupus"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_02.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"vislupus","id":"src.vaz.media.house02","title":"File:House-Museum of Ivan Vazov 02.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Licence, attribution and visible features only; historical claims use separate research sources."},"authors":["vislupus"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_13.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"vislupus","id":"src.vaz.media.house13","title":"File:House-Museum of Ivan Vazov 13.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Licence, attribution and visible features only; historical claims use separate research sources."},"authors":["vislupus"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_14.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"vislupus","id":"src.vaz.media.house14","title":"File:House-Museum of Ivan Vazov 14.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Licence, attribution and visible features only; historical claims use separate research sources."},"authors":["vislupus"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_22.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"vislupus","id":"src.vaz.media.house22","title":"File:House-Museum of Ivan Vazov 22.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Licence, attribution and visible features only; historical claims use separate research sources."},"authors":["vislupus"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Йозеф Обербауер","id":"src.vaz.media.marko","title":"File:Чорбаджи Марко.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Licence, attribution and visible features only; historical claims use separate research sources."},"authors":["Йозеф Обербауер"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":null,"url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB.jpg","institutionOrAuthor":"Unknown author","id":"src.vaz.media.title","title":"File:Под игото Титул.jpg","container":"Wikimedia Commons","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Licence, attribution and visible features only; historical claims use separate research sources."},"authors":["Unknown author"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":2023,"url":"https://www.mon.bg/nfs/2023/09/nvo_vii_bel_model_2023-24_15092023.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Министерство на образованието и науката","id":"src.vaz.mon2023","title":"Модел на националното външно оценяване по български език и литература в VII клас през учебната –2024 година","container":"МОН","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Dated 2023–2024 model. Direct PDF unavailable; does not establish the current curriculum."},"authors":["Министерство на образованието и науката"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","isPdf":true,"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg","container":"bg"}},{"year":2009,"url":"https://vazovmuseum.com/page/45-kashta-muzey-ivan-vazov---istoriya","institutionOrAuthor":"Цветанка Неделчева; Къща музей „Иван Вазов“, Сопот","id":"src.vaz.museum","title":"Къща музей Иван Вазов — История","container":"vazovmuseum.com; museum leaflet, Sofia","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Birthplace; destruction and reconstruction; family testimony and fiction used for interior; museum opening. Web page includes later undated additions."},"authors":["Цветанка Неделчева; Къща музей „Иван Вазов“, Сопот"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"}},{"year":2020,"url":"https://news.nbu.bg/bg/events/teatralna-sovalka-2020-online-predstavq-pod-igoto-pod-karantina-%2143998","institutionOrAuthor":"Нов български университет; Университетски театър; департамент „Театър“","id":"src.vaz.nbu2020","title":"„Театрална совалка “ — online представя: „Под игото. Под карантина“","container":"NBU News","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"In 2020 NBU lists both chapters for sixth grade; no verification of the current curriculum."},"authors":["Нов български университет; Университетски театър; департамент „Театър“"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg"}},{"year":1894,"url":"https://chitanka.info/text/3753-pod_igoto","institutionOrAuthor":"Иван Вазов; digital text entered by Plovdiv University team, hosted by Моята библиотека","id":"src.vaz.novel","title":"Под игото","container":"Словото / Моята библиотека, primary literary text","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Plot, characters, opening meal, examination, theatre and fictional action. Statements about a character are facts about the novel, not evidence of a real person."},"authors":["Иван Вазов; digital text entered by Plovdiv University team, hosted by Моята библиотека"],"accessed":"2026-11-03"},{"year":1990,"url":"https://litmis.eu/sites/default/files/articles/1990_issue_1_4416.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Илия Тодоров","id":"src.vaz.todorov1990","title":"Из биографията на романа „Под игото“ (По повод на неговата стогодишнина)","container":"Литературна мисъл","issue":"1","pages":"54–68","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"Composition from 1887; unfinished on return in 1889; completion/publication in 1890; exile and homesickness in retrospective preface; Chipev edition and illustrations."},"authors":["Илия Тодоров"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","isPdf":true,"fieldLanguages":{"container":"bg"}},{"year":2015,"url":"https://litmis.eu/sites/default/files/articles/2015_issue_3_5264.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Владимир Трендафилов","id":"src.vaz.trendafilov2015","title":"Английският Вазов: преводачът на „Под игото“ / Vazov Anglicized: Who Translated Under the Yoke?","container":"Литературна мисъл","issue":"3","pages":"31–45","accessedOn":"2026-11-03","supports":{"en":"English edition; anonymity; Morfill versus Geshov hypotheses, not a settled attribution."},"authors":["Владимир Трендафилов"],"accessed":"2026-11-03","isPdf":true,"fieldLanguages":{"title":"bg","container":"bg"}}],"credits":[{"id":"asset.vaz.portrait-cutout","src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","alt":"Cut-out detail; background removed. 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