{"version":2,"locale":"en","id":"story.vidin-baba-vida","hasFind":true,"slug":"vidin-baba-vida","url":"/en/stories/vidin-baba-vida/","topic":"Baba Vida fortress","title":"The castle beside the Danube","summary":"Baba Vida is a castle in Vidin, Ivan Sratsimir’s capital. The story connects Vida’s legend, the tsar’s capture and later alterations.","cover":{"title":"The castle beside the Danube","subtitle":"Vidin, Sratsimir and Baba Vida","hook":"How does the castle change after the tsar?","summary":"Baba Vida is a castle in Vidin, Ivan Sratsimir’s capital. The story connects Vida’s legend, the tsar’s capture and later alterations.","takeaway":"The castle preserves traces of several periods; the legend of its name is a different kind of story from historical evidence."},"sortYear":1356,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Second Bulgarian Tsardom","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"Second Tsardom","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Vidin","date":"14th c.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-480.d0d1d9ec.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-960.d0d1d9ec.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-1600.d0d1d9ec.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#72655d","h":450,"w":2344,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-960.d0d1d9ec.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-960.d0d1d9ec.webp","id":"asset.vid.cannon-cutout","alt":"Cut-out detail; background removed. Long metal barrel on two stone supports","objectCaption":"Cannon barrel","caption":"Displayed cannon barrel. The barrel’s date and provenance are unverified.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"WangHao · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: WangHao, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"WangHao, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Крепостта_Баба_Вида_-_оръдие.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.s1-name","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"The legend of Vida","body":"Before you are the stone walls and towers of Baba Vida. The museum calls it one of Bulgaria’s best-preserved medieval fortresses. A legend tells how the castle got its name.\n\nVida was the daughter of a boyar, a nobleman. Her sisters Kula and Gamza had unhappy marriages. Vida refused to marry, built the castle and stayed there. This is a legend, not a proven life story.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-480.f9da29ec.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-1600.f9da29ec.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-2400.f9da29ec.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#6f7a88","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.webp","id":"asset.vid.exterior","alt":"Baba Vida: exterior","objectCaption":"Baba Vida: exterior. The site today, including later rebuilding and restoration.","caption":"Baba Vida: exterior. The site today, including later rebuilding and restoration.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Спасимир · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Спасимир, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Спасимир, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baba_Vida_Fortress.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":23.861833333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.s1-name","duration":23.979,"src":"/audio/en/vidin-baba-vida/s1-name.60f12a87.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.museum"},{"id":"src.vid.tourism"},{"id":"src.vid.bts"},{"id":"src.vid.district"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.s2-capital","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"The tsar loses and regains Vidin","body":"Find Vidin beside the Danube on the map. It was the capital of the Tsardom of Vidin, a state ruled by a tsar. A tsar is a ruler’s title. According to the encyclopedia used here, Ivan Sratsimir received the Vidin region and tsar’s title in 1356.\n\nBut his rule was interrupted. In 1365 the Hungarian king captured Vidin and took Sratsimir prisoner. In 1369 the tsar ruled here again. Farther down the Danube lies Nikopol.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Approximate reference point; does not outline medieval boundaries.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.vidin","name":"Vidin","latitude":43.98869,"longitude":22.874058,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-vidin","src.bel.coords.vidin","src.nik.coords.vidin"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vid.vidin","url":"/en/map/#vid.vidin"},{"note":"Approximate reference point; does not outline medieval boundaries.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.baba-vida","name":"Baba Vida fortress","latitude":43.993183,"longitude":22.886818,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":100,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-fortress"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/en/place/#baba-vida","slug":"vid.baba-vida","url":"/en/map/#vid.baba-vida"},{"note":"Approximate town marker; not the exact battlefield.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.nikopol","name":"Nikopol","latitude":43.698571,"longitude":24.892409,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-nikopol","src.nik.coords.nikopol"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vid.nikopol","url":"/en/map/#vid.nikopol"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Approximate reference point; does not outline medieval boundaries.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.vidin","name":"Vidin","latitude":43.98869,"longitude":22.874058,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-vidin","src.bel.coords.vidin","src.nik.coords.vidin"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vid.vidin","url":"/en/map/#vid.vidin","number":1,"x":17.17573,"y":16.50962,"inside":true,"viewX":21.275742967741937,"viewY":21.164267703225814},{"note":"Approximate reference point; does not outline medieval boundaries.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.baba-vida","name":"Baba Vida fortress","latitude":43.993183,"longitude":22.886818,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":100,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-fortress"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/en/place/#baba-vida","slug":"vid.baba-vida","url":"/en/map/#vid.baba-vida","number":2,"x":17.33523,"y":16.3889,"inside":true,"viewX":30.275742967741937,"viewY":27.164267703225814},{"note":"Approximate town marker; not the exact battlefield.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.nikopol","name":"Nikopol","latitude":43.698571,"longitude":24.892409,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":3000,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-nikopol","src.nik.coords.nikopol"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vid.nikopol","url":"/en/map/#vid.nikopol","number":3,"x":42.40511,"y":24.28533,"inside":true,"viewX":52.52762012903226,"viewY":31.132226264516135}],"extent":[0,0,1,1],"orientation":[{"name":"Sofia","kind":"town","x":22.774,"y":50.826,"viewX":28.210374193548386,"viewY":65.15565290322583},{"name":"Plovdiv","kind":"town","x":40.566,"y":65.549,"viewX":50.24949677419356,"viewY":84.02958903225807},{"name":"Varna","kind":"town","x":80.184,"y":37.187,"viewX":99.32469677419355,"viewY":47.67133483870968},{"name":"Burgas","kind":"town","x":74.532,"y":55.892,"viewX":92.32350967741935,"viewY":71.64993806451615},{"name":"Ruse","kind":"town","x":55.821,"y":20.617,"viewX":69.14601290322581,"viewY":26.42966387096775},{"name":"Veliko 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Mountains","kind":"nature","x":38.75,"y":79.447,"viewX":48.00000000000001,"viewY":101.84592838709679},{"name":"Strandzha","kind":"nature","x":76.25,"y":67.774,"viewX":94.45161290322581,"viewY":86.88189548387099}],"crop":{"sx":0.8072916666666666,"sy":0.7800704579768494,"x":0,"y":0},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.270541666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.s2-capital","duration":30.379,"src":"/audio/en/vidin-baba-vida/s2-capital.bb9aaf13.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.misic2013"},{"id":"src.vid.biliarsky2025"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.s3-defence","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"The moat and nine towers","body":"A castle is a ruler’s fortified home. Baba Vida served as both home and defence. A moat, a deep ditch, surrounds it. Once, Danube water filled it. A movable wooden bridge led to the entrance.\n\nThe castle has two rows of defensive walls. The older, inner row has nine towers. Living quarters faced the central courtyard.\n\nLook at the photograph. Today’s bridge and visible walls include later changes. This is not an untouched castle from the tsar’s lifetime.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-480.f9da29ec.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-1600.f9da29ec.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-2400.f9da29ec.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#6f7a88","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.webp","id":"asset.vid.exterior","alt":"Baba Vida: exterior","objectCaption":"Baba Vida: exterior. The site today, including later rebuilding and restoration.","caption":"Baba Vida: exterior. The site today, including later rebuilding and restoration.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Спасимир · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Спасимир, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Спасимир, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baba_Vida_Fortress.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h.vid.entrance","x":0.824,"y":0.717,"title":"The entrance","body":"The entrance is low on the right in this photograph. Access was once protected by a movable wooden bridge. Today’s bridge is not that medieval original.","sourceIds":["src.vid.district","src.vid.photo.exterior"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.vid.outer-wall","x":0.485,"y":0.689,"title":"Outer circuit","body":"The lower wall stands before the taller parts of the castle. The source describes the outer circuit as later than the inner one. We do not date individual stones from the photograph.","sourceIds":["src.vid.district","src.vid.photo.exterior"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.vid.tower","x":0.845,"y":0.423,"title":"Tower","body":"The tower rises above the entrance. The photograph alone cannot tell us who built it.","sourceIds":["src.vid.photo.exterior"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.190833333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.s3-defence","duration":29.312,"src":"/audio/en/vidin-baba-vida/s3-defence.c5725fe2.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.district"},{"id":"src.vid.bts"},{"id":"src.vid.photo.exterior"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.a1-defence","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Activity: two roles","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.vid.roles","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Which two roles did Baba Vida have?","sourceIds":["src.vid.bts","src.vid.district"],"items":[{"id":"opt-home-defence","label":"Ruler’s home and defence"},{"id":"opt-only-museum","label":"Museum and exhibition space from the beginning","whyWrong":"Visits began much later."},{"id":"opt-only-bridge","label":"Only a bridge across the Danube","whyWrong":"The bridge leads to the castle entrance; it is not the whole castle and does not cross the Danube."}],"explanation":"The castle combined a fortified residence and defence. The moat, bridge and walls made access difficult.","correctItemId":"opt-home-defence","sources":[{"id":"src.vid.bts"},{"id":"src.vid.district"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.068375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.a1-defence","duration":3.157,"src":"/audio/en/vidin-baba-vida/a1-defence.a3721a7e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.bts"},{"id":"src.vid.district"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.s4-nicopolis","number":5,"kind":"narrative","title":"Defeat near Nikopol","body":"In 1396 a crusading army advanced along the Danube. This was a Christian army marching against the Ottoman Empire. On 25 September the crusaders were defeated near Nikopol.\n\nIn the traditional account, Ottoman ruler Bayezid then took Vidin and captured Sratsimir. Another suggestion is that royal rule continued under Sratsimir’s son Constantine until 1422. So calling Sratsimir the last tsar needs a qualification.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-walls-480.300be2e9.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-walls-960.300be2e9.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-walls-1600.300be2e9.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#78828a","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-walls-960.300be2e9.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vid-walls-960.300be2e9.webp","id":"asset.vid.walls","alt":"Outer walls and towers","objectCaption":"Outer walls and towers. The site today, including later rebuilding and restoration.","caption":"Outer walls and towers. The site today, including later rebuilding and restoration.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Elena Chochkova · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Elena Chochkova, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baba_Vida_E3.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.81775,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.s4-nicopolis","duration":29.909,"src":"/audio/en/vidin-baba-vida/s4-nicopolis.f89134e0.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.misic2013"},{"id":"src.vid.biliarsky2025"},{"id":"src.vid.tyutyundzhiev-pavlov1992"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.s5-gunpowder","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"Gunpowder changes the castle","body":"Look at the cannon’s metal tube, called its barrel. A long metal body rests on two stone supports.\n\nUnder Ottoman rule, the castle was adapted for weapons that fired using gunpowder. The museum dates these changes from the late seventeenth to the early nineteenth century. There were stores and rooms for guards. The municipality describes a tunnel to a firing terrace, a platform for shooting.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-480.dba68ed3.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-960.dba68ed3.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-1600.dba68ed3.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-2400.dba68ed3.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#74745b","h":1350,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-960.dba68ed3.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-960.dba68ed3.webp","id":"asset.vid.cannon","alt":"Long metal barrel on two stone supports","objectCaption":"Cannon barrel","caption":"Displayed cannon barrel. The barrel’s date and provenance are unverified.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Images","source":"Open source","full":"Full attribution"},"fit":"contain","credit":"WangHao · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: WangHao, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"WangHao, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Крепостта_Баба_Вида_-_оръдие.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h.vid.muzzle","x":0.813,"y":0.397,"title":"The narrow end","body":"The metal body narrows on the right. Its manufacturing date is unconfirmed.","sourceIds":["src.vid.photo.cannon"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.vid.barrel","x":0.405,"y":0.493,"title":"The metal barrel","body":"The long metal body rests on modern supports. It illustrates a cannon but does not prove what weapon was used here in 1396.","sourceIds":["src.vid.photo.cannon"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":24.22175,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"en_US-ljspeech-high","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.en.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.s5-gunpowder","duration":24.32,"src":"/audio/en/vidin-baba-vida/s5-gunpowder.44ec5007.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.museum"},{"id":"src.vid.municipality"},{"id":"src.vid.tourism"},{"id":"src.vid.photo.cannon"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.a2-timeline","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Activity: order the events","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.vid.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Put the earliest event first.","sourceIds":["src.vid.misic2013"],"items":[{"id":"ev-title","label":"Sratsimir gains Vidin and tsar’s title"},{"id":"ev-capture","label":"The Hungarian king captures Sratsimir"},{"id":"ev-return","label":"Sratsimir rules Vidin again"},{"id":"ev-nicopolis","label":"The crusaders lose near Nikopol"}],"explanation":"The title came before the Hungarian captivity. 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Sratsimir date ranges are not adopted as established regnal dates."},"fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg"},"container":""},{"year":1992,"url":"https://www.promacedonia.org/itpp/itpp.htm","institutionOrAuthor":"Иван Асенов Тютюнджиев; Пламен Христов Павлов","id":"src.vid.tyutyundzhiev-pavlov1992","authors":["Иван Асенов Тютюнджиев","Пламен Христов Павлов"],"title":"Българската държава и османската експанзия 1369–1422","container":"Correct 044, Велико Търново; digital transcription at Promacedonia","accessedOn":"2026-11-02","accessed":"2026-11-02","supports":{"en":"Hypothesis of Sratsimir’s removal in 1397–1398 and royal rule under Constantine until 1422."},"pages":"29–36 (section used); edition extent 91 pp. per RSL","fieldLanguages":{"institutionOrAuthor":"bg","title":"bg","container":"bg"}}],"credits":[{"id":"asset.vid.cannon-cutout","src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-960.d0d1d9ec.webp","alt":"Cut-out detail; background removed. 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