{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.april-uprising-1876","hasFind":true,"slug":"april-uprising-1876","url":"/pl/stories/april-uprising-1876/","topic":"Powstanie kwietniowe 1876","title":"Listy, które dotarły do Europy","summary":"Od listu Kableszkowa po reportaże MacGahana i broszurę Gladstone’a. Trzy miejsca, różne świadectwa i liczby wymagające uwagi.","cover":{"title":"Listy, które dotarły do Europy","subtitle":"Powstanie kwietniowe i jego echo","hook":"Co MacGahan pisze o powstaniu?","summary":"Od listu Kableszkowa po reportaże MacGahana i broszurę Gladstone’a. Trzy miejsca, różne świadectwa i liczby wymagające uwagi.","takeaway":"Zdaniem historyków reportaże wzmogły presję na zmianę w Wielkiej Brytanii. Były częścią szerszego kryzysu przed wojną."},"sortYear":1876,"firstActivity":7,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Odrodzenie i wyzwolenie","dateLabel":"XVIII–XIX wiek","eraShort":"Odrodzenie","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Bułgaria","date":"1876","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-cutout-480.3190497f.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-cutout-877.3190497f.avif","w":877}],"dominant":"#8b776d","h":484,"w":877,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-cutout-877.3190497f.webp","w":877}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-cutout-877.3190497f.webp","id":"asset.apr.cannon-troyan-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Rekonstrukcja armatki z drewna wiśniowego w Trojanie; nie jest to armata z walk","objectCaption":"Kopia armaty","caption":"","kind":"reconstruction","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Dakovski · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Dakovski / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Reconstruction of a cherry-wood cannon in Troyan; not a surviving battle gun. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Dakovski / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Reconstruction of a cherry-wood cannon in Troyan; not a surviving battle gun. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cherry_cannon_Troyan.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"april-uprising-1876.s1-letter","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"List z Kopriwszticy","body":"Z Kopriwszticy do Panagiuriszte wyrusza list. Todor Kableszkow oznajmia, że wybuchło powstanie. List znany jest jako „Krwawy list”. Wzywa adresatów, by poszli za przykładem Kopriwszticy. Jest 20 kwietnia 1876 r. według starego kalendarza, czyli 2 maja według dzisiejszego. To jedna data zapisana na dwa sposoby.\n\nZiemie bułgarskie są wówczas częścią Imperium Osmańskiego, państwa rządzonego przez sułtana. Organizatorzy chcą obalić jego władzę. Zdjęcie przedstawia most Pierwszego Strzału współcześnie, a nie wydarzenia z tamtych dni.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-480.77d1cd56.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-960.77d1cd56.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-1600.77d1cd56.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#77836c","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-960.77d1cd56.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-bridge-960.77d1cd56.webp","id":"asset.apr.bridge","alt":"Most Pierwszego Strzału w Kopriwszticy dzisiaj","objectCaption":"Most Pierwszego Strzału w Kopriwszticy dzisiaj","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Esther Westerveld from Haarlemmermeer, Nederland · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Esther Westerveld from Haarlemmermeer, Nederland / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The First Shot Bridge in Koprivshtitsa today. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Esther Westerveld from Haarlemmermeer, Nederland / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. The First Shot Bridge in Koprivshtitsa today. 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Nauczycielka Rajna Popgeorgiewa szyje tu i rozwija powstańczy sztandar. Znamy ją pod przydomkiem Rajna Knjaginia.\n\nSpójrz na południe, ku Batakowi w Rodopach. On także należy do tego okręgu. Muzealna kronika opisuje wybór Petyra Goranowa na wojewodę, czyli dowódcę uzbrojonych ludzi. Opisuje też walki. 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z drewna","body":"Przyjrzyj się drewnianej lufie, metalowym obręczom i kołom. Lufa jest rurą armaty. To rekonstrukcja armatki z drewna wiśniowego w Trojanie. Pokazuje, jak wyglądało takie działo, ale nie jest przedmiotem zachowanym z bitwy w Panagiuriszte. Powstańcy rzeczywiście używali także drewnianych armat.\n\nPrzeciw powstańcom działają regularne wojska osmańskie i baszybuzucy. To uzbrojone oddziały spoza regularnej armii. Następują klęska i ciężkie straty.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-480.3e2ee8a5.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-960.3e2ee8a5.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-1600.3e2ee8a5.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#999ea2","h":1224,"w":1632,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-960.3e2ee8a5.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-cannon-troyan-960.3e2ee8a5.webp","id":"asset.apr.cannon-troyan","alt":"Rekonstrukcja armatki z drewna wiśniowego w Trojanie; nie jest to armata z walk","objectCaption":"Kopia armaty","caption":"","kind":"reconstruction","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Dakovski · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Dakovski / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Reconstruction of a cherry-wood cannon in Troyan; not a surviving battle gun. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Dakovski / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Reconstruction of a cherry-wood cannon in Troyan; not a surviving battle gun. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cherry_cannon_Troyan.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-apr-barrel","x":0.4,"y":0.45,"title":"Drewniana lufa","body":"Lufa to rura armaty. Tutaj jest drewniana. Pokazana armata jest rekonstrukcją.","sourceIds":["src.apr.image.cannon-troyan"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-apr-hoops","x":0.46,"y":0.44,"title":"Metalowe obręcze","body":"Obręcze otaczają drewnianą lufę rekonstrukcji.","sourceIds":["src.apr.image.cannon-troyan"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-apr-wheel","x":0.66,"y":0.73,"title":"Koło","body":"Koło jest częścią drewnianej lawety. Pokazana armatka to rekonstrukcja w Trojanie, a nie znalezisko z Panagjuriszte.","sourceIds":["src.apr.image.cannon-troyan"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.086333333333332,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.april-uprising-1876.april-uprising-1876.s3-wooden-cannon","duration":29.184,"src":"/audio/pl/april-uprising-1876/s3-wooden-cannon.6ee83dcc.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.apr.military"},{"id":"src.apr.macgahan"},{"id":"src.apr.image.cannon-troyan"}]},{"id":"april-uprising-1876.s4-batak","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Cerkiew w Bataku","body":"W Bataku zabito wielu cywilów, w tym dzieci. Dziś cerkiew św. Nedelji jest miejscem pamięci. Zdjęcie przedstawia wejście do niej, bez ludzkich szczątków.\n\nDokładna liczba zabitych nie została ustalona. Zachowały się różne szacunki. Relacje o powstaniu wspominają także o zabitych muzułmanach.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-480.b0cc2ab4.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-960.b0cc2ab4.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-1600.b0cc2ab4.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7b8c98","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-960.b0cc2ab4.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-apr-batak-exterior-960.b0cc2ab4.webp","id":"asset.apr.batak-exterior","alt":"Wejście do cerkwi św. Nedeli w Bataku dzisiaj","objectCaption":"Wejście do cerkwi św. Nedeli w Bataku dzisiaj","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Спасимир · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Спасимир / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Entrance to St Nedelya church in Batak today. 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