{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.asen-peter-1185","hasFind":true,"slug":"asen-peter-1185","url":"/pl/stories/asen-peter-1185/","topic":"Piotr, Asen i powstanie 1185 roku","title":"Świątynia i początek carstwa","summary":"Cesarz odmawia dwóm braciom. Potem wokół świątyni zbierają się ludzie gotowi do buntu. Prześledź odwrót i powrót z kumańskimi sojusznikami, odrodzenie państwa bułgarskiego i to, co rzeczywiście opowiada Choniates.","cover":{"title":"Świątynia i początek carstwa","subtitle":"Piotr, Asen i powstanie z lat 1185–1186","hook":"Jak Piotr i Asen gromadzą ludzi do powstania?","summary":"Cesarz odmawia dwóm braciom. Potem wokół świątyni zbierają się ludzie gotowi do buntu. Prześledź odwrót i powrót z kumańskimi sojusznikami, odrodzenie państwa bułgarskiego i to, co rzeczywiście opowiada Choniates.","takeaway":"Powstanie daje początek drugiemu carstwu bułgarskiemu, państwu rządzonemu przez cara. Zapisana obietnica pomocy świętego nie dowodzi cudu."},"sortYear":1185,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Drugie Carstwo Bułgarskie","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"Drugie carstwo","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Tyrnowo","date":"1185–1186","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-480.b57c9fca.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-960.b57c9fca.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-1478.b57c9fca.avif","w":1478}],"dominant":"#8e7965","h":1358,"w":1478,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-960.b57c9fca.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-cutout-960.b57c9fca.webp","id":"asset.asen.isaac-coin-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Moneta Izaaka II z XII wieku, wykonana z elektronu, stopu złota i srebra. Nie ustalono jej związku z podatkiem ślubnym.","objectCaption":"Moneta Izaaka II","caption":"Moneta Izaaka II z XII wieku, wykonana z elektronu, stopu złota i srebra. Nie ustalono jej związku z podatkiem ślubnym.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 · Metropolitan Museum of Art","license":"CC0 1.0","attribution":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art · 22.122.1 · Gift of Bashford Dean, 1922 · CC0 1.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art · 22.122.1 · Gift of Bashford Dean, 1922 · CC0 1.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/32954","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"asen-peter-1185.s1-wedding-tax","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Wesele opłacone przez innych","body":"Izaak II Angelos przygotowuje wesele. Jest cesarzem Bizancjum, wschodniego cesarstwa rzymskiego. Według średniowiecznej relacji ludzie mieszkający w pobliżu Starej Płaniny są niezadowoleni z podatku na wesele. To część majątku, którą muszą oddać władcy.\n\nDwaj bracia, Piotr i Asen, udają się do cesarza. Chcą służyć w wojsku i otrzymać posiadłość w pobliżu gór. Spotykają się z odmową. Wracają znieważeni.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-480.caf46255.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-960.caf46255.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-1600.caf46255.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#9d948a","h":1430,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-960.caf46255.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-isaac-coin-960.caf46255.webp","id":"asset.asen.isaac-coin","alt":"Moneta Izaaka II z XII wieku, wykonana z elektronu, stopu złota i srebra. Nie ustalono jej związku z podatkiem ślubnym.","objectCaption":"Moneta Izaaka II","caption":"Moneta Izaaka II z XII wieku, wykonana z elektronu, stopu złota i srebra. Nie ustalono jej związku z podatkiem ślubnym.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0 1.0 · Metropolitan Museum of Art","license":"CC0 1.0","attribution":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art · 22.122.1 · Gift of Bashford Dean, 1922 · CC0 1.0. Cropped image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art · 22.122.1 · Gift of Bashford Dean, 1922 · CC0 1.0. Cropped image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/32954","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.215583333333335,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.asen-peter-1185.asen-peter-1185.s1-wedding-tax","duration":28.331,"src":"/audio/pl/asen-peter-1185/s1-wedding-tax.1f7b6f75.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.asen.choniates"},{"id":"src.asen.met-coin"}]},{"id":"asen-peter-1185.s2-prayer-house","number":2,"kind":"narrative","title":"Bracia gromadzą ludzi w świątyni","body":"Ludzie boją się powstać, opowiada średniowieczny autor. Bracia budują świątynię św. Dymitra, czczonego jako patron Salonik. Zgromadzeni w środku ludzie ogłaszają, że święty opuścił Saloniki i pomoże wyzwolić Bułgarów i Wołochów. Wołosi to dawna nazwa społeczności mówiących językami wywodzącymi się z języka starożytnych Rzymian.\n\nPoczątek powstania datuje się zwykle na 1185 r. Średniowieczna relacja nie podaje dokładnego dnia. Zapisana obietnica nie dowodzi cudu.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-480.ea68a3ac.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-960.ea68a3ac.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-1600.ea68a3ac.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7d6b5b","h":1065,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-960.ea68a3ac.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-overview-960.ea68a3ac.webp","id":"asset.asen.church-overview","alt":"Współczesne zdjęcie cerkwi św. Dymitra i otaczających ją fundamentów.","objectCaption":"Współczesne zdjęcie cerkwi św. Dymitra i otaczających ją fundamentów.","caption":"Współczesne zdjęcie cerkwi św. Dymitra i otaczających ją fundamentów.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Klearchos Kapoutsis / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Modern photograph of St Demetrius Church and the foundations around it. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis / Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Modern photograph of St Demetrius Church and the foundations around it. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St_Demetrius_Tarnovo_Klearchos_2.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.3255,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.asen-peter-1185.asen-peter-1185.s2-prayer-house","duration":32.427,"src":"/audio/pl/asen-peter-1185/s2-prayer-house.34fd9397.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.asen.choniates"},{"id":"src.asen.dobycina2012"},{"id":"src.asen.consecration-tradition"},{"id":"src.asen.pijovic2021"}]},{"id":"asen-peter-1185.s3-church-today","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Cegły nad oknem","body":"Spójrz na cerkiew św. Dymitra pod wzgórzem Trapezica w Wielkim Tyrnowie. Między kamiennymi blokami biegną rzędy cegieł. Nad oknem widać okrągłe ozdoby ceramiczne z wypalonej gliny.\n\nMuzeum wiąże tę świątynię z powstaniem. Nie ma pewności, czy jest to miejsce świątyni braci. Datowanie pozostałości jest sporne.\n\nZdjęcie przedstawia odbudowany budynek. Nie możemy powiedzieć, że każdy kamień znajdował się tu za czasów braci.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-480.101a95b7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-960.101a95b7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-1600.101a95b7.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#74706e","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-960.101a95b7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-church-side-960.101a95b7.webp","id":"asset.asen.church-side","alt":"Fasada odbudowanej cerkwi św. Dymitra. Nie jest to zachowana bez zmian ściana z 1185 roku.","objectCaption":"Fasada odbudowanej cerkwi św. Dymitra. Nie jest to zachowana bez zmian ściana z 1185 roku.","caption":"Fasada odbudowanej cerkwi św. Dymitra. Nie jest to zachowana bez zmian ściana z 1185 roku.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Kandi · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Kandi / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Facade of reconstructed St Demetrius Church. This is not an untouched wall from 1185. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Kandi / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Facade of reconstructed St Demetrius Church. This is not an untouched wall from 1185. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Church_of_St_Demetrius,_Veliko_Tarnovo_2.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-asen-stone","x":0.47,"y":0.73,"title":"Kamień i cegła","body":"W murze kamienne bloki przeplatają się z cienkimi warstwami cegieł. Widzimy odbudowaną fasadę.","sourceIds":["src.asen.museum-church","src.asen.photo.church-side","src.asen.guide2015"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-asen-ceramics","x":0.62,"y":0.105,"title":"Ceramiczne miseczki","body":"Okrągłe elementy ceramiczne zdobią łuk nad oknem. Muzeum opisuje ten rodzaj dekoracji fasady.","sourceIds":["src.asen.museum-church","src.asen.photo.church-side","src.asen.guide2015"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-asen-arches","x":0.47,"y":0.6,"title":"Łuki na ścianie","body":"Te płytkie, łukowate nisze zdobią ścianę. Nie są przejściami.","sourceIds":["src.asen.museum-church","src.asen.photo.church-side","src.asen.guide2015"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":27.089416666666665,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.asen-peter-1185.asen-peter-1185.s3-church-today","duration":27.179,"src":"/audio/pl/asen-peter-1185/s3-church-today.e78bf048.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.asen.museum-church"},{"id":"src.asen.dermendzhiev2016"},{"id":"src.asen.photo.church-side"},{"id":"src.asen.guide2015"}]},{"id":"asen-peter-1185.s4-hills","number":4,"kind":"map","title":"Na dole świątynia, na górze twierdza","body":"Znajdź na mapie cerkiew pod Trapezicą i wzgórze Carewec. To różne miejsca. Carewec jest ufortyfikowanym wzgórzem. Strome zbocza i rzeka Jantra utrudniają zadanie napastnikom. Znajduje się tam kompleks pałacowy, z którego władcy rządzą państwem.\n\nTyrnowo zostaje stolicą odrodzonego państwa bułgarskiego. Stolica to miasto, z którego rządzi się państwem. Dzisiejsze pozostałości pałacu pochodzą z różnych etapów budowy. Nie wszystko na wzgórzu powstało w roku wybuchu powstania.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-480.b4b2525e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-960.b4b2525e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-1600.b4b2525e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#929e97","h":456,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-960.b4b2525e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-asen-tsarevets-panorama-960.b4b2525e.webp","id":"asset.asen.tsarevets-panorama","alt":"Wzgórze Carewec dzisiaj, z odbudowanymi fortyfikacjami i cerkwią patriarchalną.","objectCaption":"Wzgórze Carewec dzisiaj, z odbudowanymi fortyfikacjami i cerkwią patriarchalną.","caption":"Wzgórze Carewec dzisiaj, z odbudowanymi fortyfikacjami i cerkwią patriarchalną.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"www.vacacionesbulgaria.com / Wikimedia Commons. 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