{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.atanasoff-computer","hasFind":true,"slug":"atanasoff-computer","url":"/pl/stories/atanasoff-computer/","topic":"John Vincent Atanasoff","title":"Atanasoff i spór o komputer","summary":"John Atanasoff i Clifford Berry budują w stanie Iowa maszynę do trudnych obliczeń. Kilkadziesiąt lat później ich pomysły stają się częścią sporu o patent na inny komputer.","cover":{"title":"Atanasoff i spór o komputer","subtitle":"Maszyna licząca i sprawa patentowa","hook":"Co tworzą Atanasoff i Berry?","summary":"John Atanasoff i Clifford Berry budują w stanie Iowa maszynę do trudnych obliczeń. Kilkadziesiąt lat później ich pomysły stają się częścią sporu o patent na inny komputer.","takeaway":"Decyzja w sprawie konkretnego patentu nie rozstrzyga o wszystkich zasługach w powstaniu komputerów."},"sortYear":1942,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.xx","styleId":"xx","sortOrder":0,"title":"XX wiek","dateLabel":"1901–2000","eraShort":"XX wiek","slug":"xx","fill":"#CFC9C4","ink":"#221616","raised":"#D6D1CD","dark":"#64615F"},"epochId":"epoch.xx","placeShort":"Ames","date":"1939–1942","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-add-subtract-cutout-480.e7075786.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-add-subtract-cutout-660.e7075786.avif","w":660}],"dominant":"#937a61","h":811,"w":660,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-add-subtract-cutout-660.e7075786.webp","w":660}],"src":"/media/asset-ata-add-subtract-cutout-660.e7075786.webp","id":"asset.ata.add-subtract-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Odtworzony moduł dodawania i odejmowania z komputera Atanasoffa–Berry’ego.","objectCaption":"Rekonstrukcja ABC","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"ArnoldReinhold · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: ArnoldReinhold / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reconstructed add-subtract module from the Atanasoff–Berry Computer. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"ArnoldReinhold / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reconstructed add-subtract module from the Atanasoff–Berry Computer. 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Wyobraźmy sobie kilka rachunków z nieznanymi cenami, które muszą być prawdziwe jednocześnie.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-480.895d0ba8.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-960.895d0ba8.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-1600.895d0ba8.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#828883","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-960.895d0ba8.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-durham-960.895d0ba8.webp","id":"asset.ata.abc-durham","alt":"Rekonstrukcja komputera Atanasoffa–Berry’ego w Durham Center.","objectCaption":"Rekonstrukcja komputera Atanasoffa–Berry’ego w Durham Center.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"User:Manop · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: User:Manop / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. 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Iwan Atanasow pochodzi z Bojadżiku w okolicach Jambołu. W 1889 r. wyjeżdża do Stanów Zjednoczonych. Jego syn John pracuje w Ameryce; maszyna powstaje w stanie Iowa.\n\nW 1970 r. John Atanasoff przyjeżdża do Bułgarii. We wspomnieniach opisuje wykład w Sofii i spotkania z krewnymi w Bojadżiku. Dzieje się to przed wyrokiem, z którym później będzie kojarzone jego nazwisko.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-portrait-side-480.0e7a8d7f.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-portrait-side-960.0e7a8d7f.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-portrait-side-1195.0e7a8d7f.avif","w":1195}],"dominant":"#8e868b","h":1600,"w":1195,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-portrait-side-960.0e7a8d7f.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ata-portrait-side-960.0e7a8d7f.webp","id":"asset.ata.portrait-side","alt":"John Vincent Atanasoff, drugi portret. Data wykonania zdjęcia nie jest znana.","objectCaption":"John Vincent Atanasoff, drugi portret. 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bęben przechowuje liczby","body":"Spójrzmy na cylinder u góry po lewej. To bęben pamięci. Zdjęcie pokazuje rekonstrukcję, a nie zachowaną maszynę z czasów wojny. W ABC liczby są przedstawiane za pomocą zer i jedynek. Nazywamy to systemem dwójkowym.\n\nKondensatory, małe urządzenia gromadzące ładunek elektryczny, przechowują te znaki. Ładunek słabnie i trzeba go regularnie odświeżać. Dzięki temu pamięć nie traci liczb między operacjami. Człowiek wybiera, co ma zostać obliczone. Maszyna nie przechowuje programu, czyli ciągu instrukcji do automatycznego wykonania.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-close-480.d6fb8a96.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-close-960.d6fb8a96.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-close-1600.d6fb8a96.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-close-2400.d6fb8a96.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#856e55","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-close-960.d6fb8a96.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ata-abc-close-960.d6fb8a96.webp","id":"asset.ata.abc-close","alt":"Rekonstrukcja komputera Atanasoffa–Berry’ego: bęben, pulpit i lampy.","objectCaption":"Rekonstrukcja komputera Atanasoffa–Berry’ego: bęben, pulpit i lampy.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Ik T from Kanagawa, Japan · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Ik T from Kanagawa, Japan / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. 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