{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.balchik-palace","hasFind":true,"slug":"balchik-palace","url":"/pl/stories/balchik-palace/","topic":"Bałczik","title":"Dlaczego dom Marii zmienił państwo?","summary":"Śledzimy losy Południowej Dobrudży, która przechodzi z Bułgarii do Rumunii i z powrotem, patrząc na nie przez pryzmat domu królowej Marii. Dom i ogrody prowadzą nas do traktatu, który zmienia granice i życie ludzi.","cover":{"title":"Dlaczego dom Marii zmienił państwo?","subtitle":"Południowa Dobrudża między Rumunią a Bułgarią, 1913–1940","hook":"Dom stoi w miejscu. Dlaczego zmienia się państwo?","summary":"Śledzimy losy Południowej Dobrudży, która przechodzi z Bułgarii do Rumunii i z powrotem, patrząc na nie przez pryzmat domu królowej Marii. Dom i ogrody prowadzą nas do traktatu, który zmienia granice i życie ludzi.","takeaway":"Dom rumuńskiej królowej znalazł się w Bułgarii, ponieważ w 1940 r. zmieniła się granica państwowa. To odpowiedź na pytanie postawione na początku."},"sortYear":1930,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.xx","styleId":"xx","sortOrder":0,"title":"XX wiek","dateLabel":"1901–2000","eraShort":"XX wiek","slug":"xx","fill":"#CFC9C4","ink":"#221616","raised":"#D6D1CD","dark":"#64615F"},"epochId":"epoch.xx","placeShort":"Bałczik","date":"1924/1925–1940","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-480.13f7c019.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-960.13f7c019.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-1562.13f7c019.avif","w":1562}],"dominant":"#917b66","h":1377,"w":1562,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-960.13f7c019.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-cutout-960.13f7c019.webp","id":"asset.bal.chapel-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Stella Maris to kaplica, mały kościół w rezydencji. Zdjęcie z 2009 r. Według rumuńskiego katalogu w latach 1938–1940 przechowywano tu serce Marii.","objectCaption":"Kaplica","caption":"Stella Maris to kaplica, mały kościół w rezydencji. Zdjęcie z 2009 r. Według rumuńskiego katalogu w latach 1938–1940 przechowywano tu serce Marii.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balchik_Palace_25.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-self"},"scenes":[{"id":"balchik-palace.s1-maries-house","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Dom królowej","body":"Na stromym wybrzeżu koło Bałcziku rumuńska królowa Maria tworzy swój nadmorski dom. Dziś jest on znany jako „Ciche Gniazdo”. To jej rezydencja: dom, w którym mieszka podczas pobytów tutaj. Na archiwowym portrecie widzimy królową, a nie scenę budowy.\n\nDom powstaje, gdy Bałczik należy do Rumunii. Po śmierci Marii w 1938 r. znajduje się w Bułgarii. Budynku nie przeniesiono. Co stało się z granicą między oboma państwami?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-480.8479b940.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-960.8479b940.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-1600.8479b940.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#656565","h":1301,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-960.8479b940.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-marie-portrait-960.8479b940.webp","id":"asset.bal.marie-portrait","alt":"Archiwalny portret królowej Marii. Biblioteka Kongresu datuje go na lata 1918–1928; nie ustalono, by miejscem wykonania był Bałczik.","objectCaption":"Archiwalny portret królowej Marii. Biblioteka Kongresu datuje go na lata 1918–1928; nie ustalono, by miejscem wykonania był Bałczik.","caption":"Archiwalny portret królowej Marii. Biblioteka Kongresu datuje go na lata 1918–1928; nie ustalono, by miejscem wykonania był Bałczik.","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"National Zdjęcie Company Collection; Standard Eng. Co. (autor według katalogu) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteka Kongresu","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Archival image: National Photo Company Collection; Standard Eng. Co. (catalogue credit), Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Archival image: National Photo Company Collection; Standard Eng. Co. (catalogue credit), Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Marie_of_Romania_Standard_Eng._Co._LCCN2016826694.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-US-expired"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.923791666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.balchik-palace.balchik-palace.s1-maries-house","duration":29.013,"src":"/audio/pl/balchik-palace/s1-maries-house.14a51266.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bal.creation"},{"id":"src.bal.peles"},{"id":"src.bal.loc"},{"id":"src.bal.history"},{"id":"src.bal.treaty"}]},{"id":"balchik-palace.s2-changing-border","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Przed domem: granica","body":"Południowa Dobrudża to kraina między Dunajem a Morzem Czarnym. Bałczik leży na jej wybrzeżu. W 1913 r., po wojnie między dawnymi sojusznikami, Bułgaria odstępuje Południową Dobrudżę Rumunii. Zapisano to w traktacie podpisanym w Bukareszcie. Traktat to pisemne porozumienie między państwami.\n\nPodczas pierwszej wojny światowej władza w regionie znów się zmienia. Po wojnie potwierdzono panowanie Rumunii. W następnych dziesięcioleciach Maria buduje swoją rezydencję. Jest rumuńską królową w regionie, o który spierają się Bułgaria i Rumunia.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Położenie rezydencji; punkt nie oznacza historycznej granicy.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bal.palace","name":"Rezydencja Marii koło Bałcziku","latitude":43.40444444,"longitude":28.14694444,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":200,"sourceIds":["src.bal.coord.q3334309"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bal.palace","url":"/pl/map/#bal.palace"},{"note":"Miasto, w którym Bułgaria i Rumunia podpisały traktat 7 września 1940 r. Punkt nie wskazuje dokładnego budynku ani granicy.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bal.craiova","name":"Krajowa","latitude":44.333333333333,"longitude":23.816666666667,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":6000,"sourceIds":["src.bal.coord.q168057","src.bal.treaty"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bal.craiova","url":"/pl/map/#bal.craiova"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Położenie rezydencji; punkt nie oznacza historycznej granicy.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.bal.palace","name":"Rezydencja Marii koło Bałcziku","latitude":43.40444444,"longitude":28.14694444,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":200,"sourceIds":["src.bal.coord.q3334309"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"bal.palace","url":"/pl/map/#bal.palace","number":1,"x":83.08681,"y":32.13013,"inside":true,"viewX":83.524736,"viewY":41.18875374838711},{"note":"Miasto, w którym Bułgaria i Rumunia podpisały traktat 7 września 1940 r. 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Zespół to grupa budynków i ogrodów zaprojektowanych jako całość. Na zdjęciu widać białą ścianę, dach pokryty dachówką i wąską okrągłą wieżę o ostrym szczycie. Wieża przypomina minaret, jaki znajduje się przy meczetach. Tutaj jest częścią wyglądu królewskiego domu.\n\nDom i ogrody budowano w latach 20. i 30. XX wieku. Budowę ukończono w 1936 r.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-480.b77bd3ff.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-960.b77bd3ff.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-1600.b77bd3ff.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#5e656f","h":1824,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-960.b77bd3ff.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-house-detail-960.b77bd3ff.webp","id":"asset.bal.house-detail","alt":"Biała willa z wąską okrągłą wieżą, dachem z dachówki i zadaszonym tarasem. Zdjęcie z 2009 r.; nie przedstawia budowy.","objectCaption":"Biała willa z wąską okrągłą wieżą, dachem z dachówki i zadaszonym tarasem. Zdjęcie z 2009 r.; nie przedstawia budowy.","caption":"Biała willa z wąską okrągłą wieżą, dachem z dachówki i zadaszonym tarasem. Zdjęcie z 2009 r.; nie przedstawia budowy.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balchik_Palace_2.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-self"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"hbal-tower","x":0.483,"y":0.288,"title":"Okrągła wieża","body":"Wąska wieża ma spiczasty dach. Rumuński katalog nazywa ją minaretem; opisuje to jej kształt, nie dowodząc, że dom jest meczetem.","sourceIds":["src.bal.cimec","src.bal.photo.house-detail"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"hbal-tiles","x":0.602,"y":0.533,"title":"Dach z dachówki","body":"Na zdjęciu widać rzędy dachówek. Nie pokazuje ono, które położono za życia Marii, a które mogły zostać wymienione.","sourceIds":["src.bal.photo.house-detail","src.bal.authenticity"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"hbal-veranda","x":0.746,"y":0.835,"title":"Zadaszony taras","body":"Weranda to zadaszony taras przed domem. Drewniane słupy podtrzymują jej dach. Jej ogrodzenie nazywa się balustradą. Zdjęcie pochodzi z 2009 r.","sourceIds":["src.bal.photo.house-detail"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.981833333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.balchik-palace.balchik-palace.s3-white-villa","duration":29.099,"src":"/audio/pl/balchik-palace/s3-white-villa.b7a0b45c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bal.creation"},{"id":"src.bal.cimec"},{"id":"src.bal.photo.house-detail"}]},{"id":"balchik-palace.s4-garden-layers","number":4,"kind":"artifact","title":"Ogród na zboczu","body":"Na zboczu kamienne mury tworzą tarasy: stosunkowo płaskie pasy ziemi na różnych wysokościach. Schody łączą poziomy. Podczas budowy willi zakładano ogrody i umacniano zbocze. Przebudowano stare młyny wodne, napędzane wodą. Uprawiano młode rośliny do sadzenia, drzewa owocowe i winorośl.\n\nOgrody istniały już za życia Marii. W 1955 r. założono tu uniwersytecki ogród botaniczny, w którym naukowcy badają rośliny.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-480.4902172e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-960.4902172e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-1600.4902172e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#62644d","h":1824,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-960.4902172e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-terraces-960.4902172e.webp","id":"asset.bal.terraces","alt":"Kamienne mury i schody na zboczu nad Morzem Czarnym, 2009 r. Zdjęcie pokazuje układ tarasów, lecz nie pozwala datować poszczególnych kamieni i roślin.","objectCaption":"Kamienne mury i schody na zboczu nad Morzem Czarnym, 2009 r. Zdjęcie pokazuje układ tarasów, lecz nie pozwala datować poszczególnych kamieni i roślin.","caption":"Kamienne mury i schody na zboczu nad Morzem Czarnym, 2009 r. Zdjęcie pokazuje układ tarasów, lecz nie pozwala datować poszczególnych kamieni i roślin.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. 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Jego historycznej funkcji nie ustalono na potrzeby tej opowieści.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. 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Muszą oni opuścić domy i przenieść się na drugą stronę granicy. To obowiązkowa wymiana ludności, nie tylko nowa linia na mapie.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-480.e58a7408.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-960.e58a7408.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-1600.e58a7408.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#3d3e32","h":1216,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-960.e58a7408.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bal-chapel-960.e58a7408.webp","id":"asset.bal.chapel","alt":"Stella Maris to kaplica, mały kościół w rezydencji. Zdjęcie z 2009 r. Według rumuńskiego katalogu w latach 1938–1940 przechowywano tu serce Marii.","objectCaption":"Kaplica","caption":"Stella Maris to kaplica, mały kościół w rezydencji. Zdjęcie z 2009 r. Według rumuńskiego katalogu w latach 1938–1940 przechowywano tu serce Marii.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Izvora · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Izvora, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Unmodified. 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