{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.botev-1876","hasFind":true,"slug":"botev-1876","url":"/pl/stories/botev-1876/","topic":"Christo Botew","title":"Poeta i parowiec","summary":"W maju 1876 r. Christo Botew i około dwustu ludzi zmuszają „Radetzky” do zatrzymania się pod Kozłodujem. Opowieść prowadzi oddział ze statku w Bałkan Wraczański.","cover":{"title":"Poeta i parowiec","subtitle":"Christo Botew między gazetą a brzegiem w Kozłoduju","hook":"Dlaczego poeta zajmuje statek pasażerski?","summary":"W maju 1876 r. Christo Botew i około dwustu ludzi zmuszają „Radetzky” do zatrzymania się pod Kozłodujem. Opowieść prowadzi oddział ze statku w Bałkan Wraczański.","takeaway":"Wiemy, jak oddział dotarł do Kozłoduju. W sprawie strzału, od którego zginął Botew, odróżniamy świadectwa od przypuszczeń."},"sortYear":1876,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Odrodzenie i wyzwolenie","dateLabel":"XVIII–XIX wiek","eraShort":"Odrodzenie","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Kozłoduj","date":"1876","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-480.1b0c8405.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-960.1b0c8405.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-1450.1b0c8405.avif","w":1450}],"dominant":"#e0cebf","h":1992,"w":1450,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-960.1b0c8405.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-cutout-960.1b0c8405.webp","id":"asset.bot.resignation-cutout","alt":"Prostokątny skan rezygnacji Botewa; zachowano tekst i pieczęcie archiwalne.","objectCaption":"Rezygnacja Botewa","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876) · Public domain · Biblioteka Narodowa Bułgarii / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876); National Library of Bulgaria / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Archival image; marks on the original support are retained. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876); National Library of Bulgaria / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Archival image; marks on the original support are retained. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Botev_resignation_BRK_1875.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"botev-1876.s1-passengers","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Niezwykli pasażerowie","body":"Maj 1876 r. Po Dunaju płynie austriacki „Radetzky”. To parowiec pasażerski: statek napędzany maszyną parową. W różnych rumuńskich portach wsiadają członkowie uzbrojonej grupy. Taką grupę nazywano wówczas czetą. Na jej czele stoi Christo Botew, poeta i dziennikarz.\n\nChcą pomóc powstaniu kwietniowemu: buntowi przeciw imperium osmańskiemu, które władało wówczas ziemiami bułgarskimi. Oddział liczy około dwustu ludzi. Zajmują statek i zmuszają kapitana Dagoberta Engländera, by zatrzymał się pod Kozłodujem. Zajęcie statku siłą może zagrozić ludziom na pokładzie.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-480.a1f8a8df.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-1600.a1f8a8df.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#64646d","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.webp","id":"asset.bot.danube","alt":"Szeroka rzeka, statek w oddali i roślinność na brzegu; współczesna fotografia. Widok współczesny, nie zdjęcie wydarzeń z 1876 r.","objectCaption":"Szeroka rzeka, statek w oddali i roślinność na brzegu; współczesna fotografia. 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Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Radetzky_022.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":39.26829166666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.botev-1876.botev-1876.s1-passengers","duration":39.381,"src":"/audio/pl/botev-1876/s1-passengers.d0942254.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bot.route"},{"id":"src.bot.radetzky"},{"id":"src.bot.captain-letter"},{"id":"src.bot.members"}]},{"id":"botev-1876.s2-resignation","number":2,"kind":"artifact","title":"Kartka z rezygnacją","body":"W 1871 r. Botew redaguje „Słowo bułgarskich emigrantów”. Emigranci to ludzie mieszkający poza ojczyzną.\n\nTa kartka zawiera rezygnację Botewa z komitetu rewolucyjnego w Bukareszcie. Komitet to organizacja przygotowująca powstanie. 30 września 1875 r. Botew zawiadamia, że odchodzi z komitetu z powodu różnic w przekonaniach. To dokument z poprzedniego roku, nie list ze statku. Rezygnację możemy odczytać jako oznakę trudnej decyzji. To nasza interpretacja.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-480.04061730.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-960.04061730.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-1382.04061730.avif","w":1382}],"dominant":"#e4d4c6","h":1924,"w":1382,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-960.04061730.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-resignation-960.04061730.webp","id":"asset.bot.resignation","alt":"Rękopis zatytułowany „Rezygnacja”, z podpisem i datą na dole. Obraz archiwalny; zachowano ślady na oryginalnym nośniku.","objectCaption":"Rezygnacja Botewa","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876) · Public domain · Biblioteka Narodowa Bułgarii / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876); National Library of Bulgaria / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Archival image; marks on the original support are retained. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Hristo Botev (1848-1876); National Library of Bulgaria / Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Archival image; marks on the original support are retained. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Botev_resignation_BRK_1875.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-bot-resignation-title","x":0.43,"y":0.17,"title":"Rezygnacja","body":"Tytuł brzmi „Rezygnacja”. W tekście Botew informuje, że opuszcza komitet.","sourceIds":["src.bot.inventory1966","src.bot.photo.resignation"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-bot-resignation-signature","x":0.5,"y":0.76,"title":"Podpis","body":"Pod tekstem widnieje podpis Christa Botewa. To nie jest list do kapitana „Radetzky”.","sourceIds":["src.bot.inventory1966","src.bot.photo.resignation"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-bot-resignation-date","x":0.35,"y":0.83,"title":"Miejsce i data","body":"W dolnym wierszu podano Bukareszt i 30 września 1875 r.","sourceIds":["src.bot.inventory1966","src.bot.photo.resignation"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.917625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.botev-1876.botev-1876.s2-resignation","duration":33.024,"src":"/audio/pl/botev-1876/s2-resignation.07e54638.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.bot.mincheva2023"},{"id":"src.bot.inventory1966"},{"id":"src.bot.photo.resignation"}]},{"id":"botev-1876.s3-captain","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"List do kapitana","body":"Na statku jest też list do kapitana i pasażerów. Napisano go po francusku. Botew wyjaśnia w nim cel oddziału. Prosi pasażerów o zachowanie spokoju. Ostrzega kapitana, że użyje siły, jeśli ten będzie stawiał opór. Uprzejma forma nie usuwa przymusu. Sam list zachował się w Bibliotece Narodowej.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-480.843e7c0e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-960.843e7c0e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-1600.843e7c0e.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-2400.843e7c0e.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#3d595e","h":1602,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-960.843e7c0e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-ship-960.843e7c0e.webp","id":"asset.bot.ship","alt":"Statek muzeum przy brzegu, z trapem, kadłubem i pokładami. Zdjęcie statku odtworzonego w 1966 r., a nie oryginału z 1876 r.","objectCaption":"Statek muzeum przy brzegu, z trapem, kadłubem i pokładami. 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To jeden dzień zapisany według dwóch kalendarzy. Przed ludźmi nie ma już pokładu statku, lecz droga ku Wracy i górom nad miastem.\n\nPo zejściu na ląd dochodzi do walki pod Milin kamykiem. Oczekiwane wsparcie z Wracy nie dociera do oddziału. Potem zajmuje on pozycje w Bałkanie Wraczańskim, części Starej Płaniny.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-480.a1f8a8df.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-1600.a1f8a8df.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#64646d","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-bot-danube-960.a1f8a8df.webp","id":"asset.bot.danube","alt":"Szeroka rzeka, statek w oddali i roślinność na brzegu; współczesna fotografia. Widok współczesny, nie zdjęcie wydarzeń z 1876 r.","objectCaption":"Szeroka rzeka, statek w oddali i roślinność na brzegu; współczesna fotografia. 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