{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.ivanovo-rock-churches","hasFind":true,"slug":"ivanovo-rock-churches","url":"/pl/stories/ivanovo-rock-churches/","topic":"Skalne cerkwie w Iwanowie","title":"Dlaczego car jest namalowany w skale?","summary":"Joachim szuka odosobnienia nad Rusenskim Łomem. Carscy fundatorzy i malarze łączą skalny monaster z kulturą Tyrnowa.","cover":{"title":"Dlaczego car jest namalowany w skale?","subtitle":"Mnisi, carscy fundatorzy i malowidła nad Rusenskim Łomem","hook":"Dlaczego postacie w skale wyglądają jak żywe?","summary":"Joachim szuka odosobnienia nad Rusenskim Łomem. Carscy fundatorzy i malarze łączą skalny monaster z kulturą Tyrnowa.","takeaway":"Skalna cerkiew łączy mnisze odosobnienie z carskim mecenatem i malarstwem XIV wieku."},"sortYear":1350,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Drugie Carstwo Bułgarskie","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"Drugie carstwo","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Iwanowo","date":"XIII–XIV w.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-donor-cutout-480.e113d78b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-donor-cutout-960.e113d78b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-donor-cutout-1382.e113d78b.avif","w":1382}],"dominant":"#af9474","h":2330,"w":1382,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-donor-cutout-960.e113d78b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ivr-donor-cutout-960.e113d78b.webp","id":"asset.ivr.donor-cutout","alt":"Wycięty fragment malowidła z carskim fundatorem; nie jest przenośną ikoną. Ubytki zachowano.","objectCaption":"Carski fundator","caption":"Carski fundator, zwykle utożsamiany z Iwanem Aleksandrem. Fragment malowidła ściennego na skale, nie osobna ikona. Tożsamość przedstawionego cara jest sporna.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"A. Nikolov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: A. Nikolov; Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. The royal donor, usually identified as Ivan Alexander. A mural fragment on rock, not a separate icon. The depicted tsar’s identity is disputed. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"A. Nikolov; Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. The royal donor, usually identified as Ivan Alexander. A mural fragment on rock, not a separate icon. The depicted tsar’s identity is disputed. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tsar_John_Alexander_of_Bulgaria.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"ivanovo-rock-churches.s1-cliff-question","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Kto wspina się do skały?","body":"Nad Rusenskim Łomem w skale widnieje otwór. Za nim znajduje się cerkiew. Według oficjalnego opisu leży ona około trzydziestu metrów nad ziemią. Kto wykułby świątynię tak wysoko? Żyli tu pustelnicy: mnisi szukający odosobnienia do modlitwy. W XIII i XIV wieku skały koło Iwanowa stały się domem wspólnoty monastycznej. Według opracowania muzeum cerkwie łączyły drewniane drabiny i platformy. Później ściany i sklepienia pokryły malowidła. Kto za nie zapłacił?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-cliff-480.62d8a817.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-cliff-960.62d8a817.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-cliff-1600.62d8a817.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#8b907e","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-cliff-960.62d8a817.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ivr-cliff-960.62d8a817.webp","id":"asset.ivr.cliff","alt":"Wysoka urwista skała w zielonej dolinie; na pierwszym planie skała ze współczesnymi metalowymi poręczami.","objectCaption":"Skały koło Iwanowa, współczesna fotografia. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","caption":"Skały koło Iwanowa, współczesna fotografia. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Nikolov2010 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Nikolov2010; Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Cliffs near Ivanovo, modern photograph. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Nikolov2010; Wikimedia Commons; Public domain. Cliffs near Ivanovo, modern photograph. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivanovo_rocks.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-480.f936366b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-960.f936366b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-1200.f936366b.avif","w":1200}],"dominant":"#7f8379","h":1600,"w":1200,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-960.f936366b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-960.f936366b.webp","id":"asset.ivr.entrance","alt":"Wąski, ciemny otwór w skale, roślinność i metalowa poręcz po prawej.","objectCaption":"Otwór w skale i współczesna poręcz. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją. Poręcz jest współczesna. Nie pokazuje średniowiecznej drogi dostępu.","caption":"Otwór w skale i współczesna poręcz. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją. Poręcz jest współczesna. Nie pokazuje średniowiecznej drogi dostępu.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Alexander.D.Hristov · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Alexander.D.Hristov; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Opening in the rock and a modern handrail. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. The handrail is modern. It does not show medieval access. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Alexander.D.Hristov; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Opening in the rock and a modern handrail. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. The handrail is modern. It does not show medieval access. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rock-hewn_Churches_of_Ivanovo_-_Entrance_of_the_Church.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-chapel-480.3ec6190f.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-chapel-960.3ec6190f.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-chapel-1600.3ec6190f.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#797a6e","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-chapel-960.3ec6190f.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ivr-chapel-960.3ec6190f.webp","id":"asset.ivr.chapel","alt":"Płytkie pomieszczenie w skale z niszami i małą współczesną ikoną w lewym dolnym rogu.","objectCaption":"Skalne pomieszczenie obok głównej cerkwi. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","caption":"Skalne pomieszczenie obok głównej cerkwi. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Delysia v · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Delysia v; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Rock chamber beside the main church. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Delysia v; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Rock chamber beside the main church. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. 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Mnich ze skalnego monasteru stanął więc na czele bułgarskiej Cerkwi.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Przybliżony obszar skalnego monasteru nad Rusenskim Łomem, nie położenie pojedynczej cerkwi.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.ivr.ivanovo","name":"Skalny monaster koło Iwanowa","latitude":43.694858,"longitude":25.987893,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":1000,"sourceIds":["src.ivr.unesco","src.ivr.museum"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"ivr.ivanovo","url":"/pl/map/#ivr.ivanovo"},{"note":"Tyrnowo było średniowieczną stolicą związaną z carem Iwanem Aleksandrem. 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Portret jest częścią ściany, nie osobną ikoną.","sourceIds":["src.ivr.photo.donor"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":30.816208333333332,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.ivanovo-rock-churches.ivanovo-rock-churches.s3-donor","duration":30.933,"src":"/audio/pl/ivanovo-rock-churches/s3-donor.106cf2c6.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ivr.museum"},{"id":"src.ivr.icomos1979"},{"id":"src.ivr.bakalova1981"},{"id":"src.ivr.tschilingirov2010"},{"id":"src.ivr.photo.donor"}]},{"id":"ivanovo-rock-churches.s4-painted-stories","number":4,"kind":"artifact","title":"Postacie w czerwonych ramach","body":"Na sklepieniu czerwone ramy oddzielają malowidła. Na jednym polu postać pochyla się przed namalowanymi budynkami. Zdaniem specjalistów pozy i pejzaż nadają malowidłom większą wyrazistość. Określenie „żywe” opisuje więc nasze wrażenie, a nie właściwość farby. Sceny ewangeliczne opowiadają o Jezusie. Według muzeum większość takich scen w cerkwi dotyczy Wielkiego Tygodnia. Według wiary chrześcijańskiej Wielki Tydzień przypomina cierpienie, śmierć i pogrzeb Jezusa.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-ceiling-480.160c3492.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-ceiling-960.160c3492.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-ceiling-1600.160c3492.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-ceiling-2400.160c3492.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#705f38","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-ceiling-960.160c3492.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ivr-ceiling-960.160c3492.webp","id":"asset.ivr.ceiling","alt":"Malowane sklepienie z czerwonymi ramami, postaciami i budynkami; pas odsłoniętej skały przecina malowidło.","objectCaption":"Sklepienie cerkwi Matki Bożej: sceny w malowanych ramach. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","caption":"Sklepienie cerkwi Matki Bożej: sceny w malowanych ramach. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Delysia v · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Delysia v; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Ceiling of the Holy Mother of God: scenes in painted frames. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Delysia v; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Ceiling of the Holy Mother of God: scenes in painted frames. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_ceiling_of_the_main_church_in_the_complex_of_Ivanovo_rock_churches_-_autumn_2016.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h.ivr.ceiling.frame","x":0.72,"y":0.42,"title":"Malowana rama","body":"Czerwony pas oddziela sąsiednie sceny.","sourceIds":["src.ivr.icomos1979","src.ivr.photo.ceiling"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.ivr.ceiling.figure","x":0.5,"y":0.7,"title":"Pochylona postać","body":"Postać pochyla się do przodu, jakby była w ruchu.","sourceIds":["src.ivr.icomos1979","src.ivr.photo.ceiling"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.ivr.ceiling.building","x":0.56,"y":0.54,"title":"Budynki w opowieści","body":"Malowane budynki tworzą tło. Nie wskazujemy ich jako konkretnego pałacu ani dokładnego widoku miasta.","sourceIds":["src.ivr.icomos1979","src.ivr.photo.ceiling"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.ivr.ceiling.loss","x":0.33,"y":0.36,"title":"Odsłonięta skała","body":"Szeroki pas bez malowidła przecina pola. Zdjęcie ukazuje ubytek, lecz samo nie pozwala datować uszkodzenia.","sourceIds":["src.ivr.photo.ceiling"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.469458333333332,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.ivanovo-rock-churches.ivanovo-rock-churches.s4-painted-stories","duration":29.568,"src":"/audio/pl/ivanovo-rock-churches/s4-painted-stories.10b22fb6.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ivr.icomos1979"},{"id":"src.ivr.museum"},{"id":"src.ivr.photo.ceiling"},{"id":"src.ivr.holyweek"}]},{"id":"ivanovo-rock-churches.a1-donor","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: co przedstawia portret","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.ivr.donor","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Jaką rolę pełni car w muzealnej interpretacji portretu?","sourceIds":["src.ivr.museum","src.ivr.icomos1979","src.ivr.tschilingirov2010"],"items":[{"id":"opt-donor","label":"Fundator wspierający świątynię."},{"id":"opt-painter","label":"Malarz, który wykonał malowidła w kościele.","whyWrong":"Wsparcie świątyni nie dowodzi, że car namalował jej malowidła."},{"id":"opt-founder","label":"Założyciel monasteru w XIII wieku.","whyWrong":"Założenie monasteru wiąże się z Joachimem. Tu widzimy późniejszego carskiego fundatora wskazanego w opisie muzealnym."}],"explanation":"Opis muzealny rozpoznaje carskiego fundatora jako Iwana Aleksandra. Tożsamość cara jest sporna.","correctItemId":"opt-donor","sources":[{"id":"src.ivr.museum"},{"id":"src.ivr.icomos1979"},{"id":"src.ivr.tschilingirov2010"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":4.3802916666666665,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.ivanovo-rock-churches.ivanovo-rock-churches.a1-donor","duration":4.48,"src":"/audio/pl/ivanovo-rock-churches/a1-donor.00c29765.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ivr.museum"},{"id":"src.ivr.icomos1979"},{"id":"src.ivr.tschilingirov2010"}]},{"id":"ivanovo-rock-churches.s5-silence-and-paint","number":6,"kind":"narrative","title":"Modlitwa wśród malowideł","body":"Po co mnichom, którzy wybrali ciszę, tyle obrazów? Muzeum wiąże rozkwit monasteru w XIV wieku z hezychazmem. Ten nurt duchowy kładzie nacisk na odosobnienie i nieustanną modlitwę. Malowidła opowiadają święte historie w miejscu modlitwy. Według badaczy mają one związek ze sztuką carskiego dworu w Tyrnowie. Sam portret nie dowodzi, że car osobiście odwiedził to miejsce.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-saints-480.1ba2e337.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-saints-960.1ba2e337.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-saints-1200.1ba2e337.avif","w":1200}],"dominant":"#837758","h":1600,"w":1200,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-saints-960.1ba2e337.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ivr-saints-960.1ba2e337.webp","id":"asset.ivr.saints","alt":"Wysokie postacie z żółtymi aureolami na ścianie; po lewej niskie przejście w skale.","objectCaption":"Rząd świętych pod malowanym sklepieniem. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","caption":"Rząd świętych pod malowanym sklepieniem. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Delysia v · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Delysia v; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. A row of saints beneath the painted ceiling. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Delysia v; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. A row of saints beneath the painted ceiling. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frescoes_of_saints_in_the_Ivanovo_rock_churches_-_autumn_2016.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":24.825458333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.ivanovo-rock-churches.ivanovo-rock-churches.s5-silence-and-paint","duration":24.917,"src":"/audio/pl/ivanovo-rock-churches/s5-silence-and-paint.cf600f52.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ivr.museum"},{"id":"src.ivr.rusexplore"},{"id":"src.ivr.bakalova1981"}]},{"id":"ivanovo-rock-churches.a2-timeline","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: uporządkuj wydarzenia w czasie","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.ivr.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"W 1979 r. skalne cerkwie wpisano na Listę światowego dziedzictwa. Uporządkuj wydarzenia od najwcześniejszego.","sourceIds":["src.ivr.museum","src.ivr.icomos1979","src.ivr.unesco"],"items":[{"id":"ev-patriarch","label":"Joachim zostaje patriarchą"},{"id":"ev-reign","label":"Iwan Aleksander zostaje carem"},{"id":"ev-unesco","label":"Wpis na Listę światowego dziedzictwa"}],"explanation":"Kolejność to 1235 → 1331 → 1979: patriarcha, początek panowania, wpis na listę dziedzictwa.","correctOrderIds":["ev-patriarch","ev-reign","ev-unesco"],"sources":[{"id":"src.ivr.museum"},{"id":"src.ivr.icomos1979"},{"id":"src.ivr.unesco"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":8.75725,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.ivanovo-rock-churches.ivanovo-rock-churches.a2-timeline","duration":8.875,"src":"/audio/pl/ivanovo-rock-churches/a2-timeline.9b6401f7.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ivr.museum"},{"id":"src.ivr.icomos1979"},{"id":"src.ivr.unesco"}]},{"id":"ivanovo-rock-churches.s6-surviving-evidence","number":8,"kind":"narrative","title":"Brakujący tynk","body":"Współczesne zdjęcia ukazują niepełny obraz. Brakuje tynku, twarze są zatarte. Opis obiektu światowego dziedzictwa wymienia czyszczenie i zabezpieczenie malowideł. Wykonano też drobne poprawki farby, zwane retuszami. Samo zdjęcie nie pokazuje, gdzie poprawiono malowidło. Zachowane fragmenty są naszym świadectwem; to, czego brakuje, pozostawia pytania.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-panel02-480.bff683c5.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-panel02-960.bff683c5.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-panel02-1600.bff683c5.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7f8061","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-panel02-960.bff683c5.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ivr-panel02-960.bff683c5.webp","id":"asset.ivr.panel02","alt":"Wyblakłe postacie z aureolami, przerwane ubytkami tynku; nad nimi malowane budynki.","objectCaption":"Zachowane aureole i ubytki malowidła ściennego. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją.","caption":"Zachowane aureole i ubytki malowidła ściennego. 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Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frescoes_in_the_main_church_in_the_complex_of_Ivanovo_rock_churches_-_autumn_2016.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-480.f936366b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-960.f936366b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-1200.f936366b.avif","w":1200}],"dominant":"#7f8379","h":1600,"w":1200,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-960.f936366b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ivr-entrance-960.f936366b.webp","id":"asset.ivr.entrance","alt":"Wąski, ciemny otwór w skale, roślinność i metalowa poręcz po prawej.","objectCaption":"Otwór w skale i współczesna poręcz. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją. Poręcz jest współczesna. Nie pokazuje średniowiecznej drogi dostępu.","caption":"Otwór w skale i współczesna poręcz. Współczesne zdjęcie zachowanych fragmentów; nie jest rekonstrukcją. Poręcz jest współczesna. Nie pokazuje średniowiecznej drogi dostępu.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Alexander.D.Hristov · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Alexander.D.Hristov; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Opening in the rock and a modern handrail. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. The handrail is modern. It does not show medieval access. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Alexander.D.Hristov; Wikimedia Commons; CC BY-SA 4.0. Opening in the rock and a modern handrail. Modern photograph of what survives; not a reconstruction. The handrail is modern. It does not show medieval access. 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