{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.melnik","hasFind":true,"slug":"melnik","url":"/pl/stories/melnik/","topic":"Melnik","title":"Mełnik: mury, piasek i wino","summary":"Despota rządził z Mełnika. Później kupcy wywozili stąd wino, jak podaje broszura turystyczna. Mur, beczka i piaszczyste zbocza pomagają odróżnić dowody od przypuszczeń.","cover":{"title":"Mełnik: mury, piasek i wino","subtitle":"Od stolicy Sława do beczek z winem","hook":"Co może opowiedzieć beczka z Mełnika?","summary":"Despota rządził z Mełnika. Później kupcy wywozili stąd wino, jak podaje broszura turystyczna. Mur, beczka i piaszczyste zbocza pomagają odróżnić dowody od przypuszczeń.","takeaway":"Mełnik zachował ślady różnych stuleci. Nie każdy stary mur pochodzi z czasów Sława, a piaszczyste piramidy są formami naturalnymi."},"sortYear":1215,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Główny okres: Drugie Carstwo Bułgarskie","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"Główny okres: Drugie carstwo","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Melnik","date":"XIII–XIX w.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-480.3c4b7766.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-1600.3c4b7766.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-2400.3c4b7766.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#725e51","h":1905,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-cutout-960.3c4b7766.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.facade-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Zachowana fasada Domu Bojarskiego: kamienna dolna część, ceglane zdobienia i otwory okienne.","objectCaption":"Mur Domu Bojarskiego","caption":"","kindLabel":"Zdjęcie","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Cut-out detail; background removed. Site today","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Cut-out detail; background removed. 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Jak przewozili wino?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-480.9b4356b7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-960.9b4356b7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-1200.9b4356b7.avif","w":1200}],"dominant":"#4a3d31","h":1600,"w":1200,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-960.9b4356b7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-kordopulov-barrel-960.9b4356b7.webp","id":"asset.mel.kordopulov.barrel","alt":"Duża drewniana beczka w Domu Kordopulowa, częściowo zasłonięta podporą; przed nią stoją zwiedzający.","objectCaption":"Duża drewniana beczka w Domu Kordopulowa, częściowo zasłonięta podporą; przed nią stoją zwiedzający.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Zdjęcie","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Vislupus, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. 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Była to wysoka godność władcy.\n\nNad miastem leży wysoko położony płaski teren zwany płaskowyżem św. Mikołaja. Archeolodzy zbadali tam ufortyfikowaną siedzibę władców.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-480.523f1b8d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-1600.523f1b8d.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#68665a","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-overview-960.523f1b8d.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.overview","alt":"Widok z góry na pozostałości Domu Bojarskiego i współczesne miasto.","objectCaption":"Widok z góry na pozostałości Domu Bojarskiego i współczesne miasto.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Zdjęcie","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. 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Spójrzcie na mur: kamienie na dole, ceglane wzory wyżej i otwory okienne. Nazwa domu nie mówi nam, kto zbudował każdą jego część.\n\nWedług jednej z interpretacji archeologicznych wcześniejsza wieża mogła być domem Sława. Dom dobudowano później. Istnieją różne opinie o wieku budowli. Samo zdjęcie nie dowodzi, kiedy zbudowano każdą z jej części.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-480.cb019e5d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-1600.cb019e5d.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-2400.cb019e5d.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#89898e","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-bolyar-facade-960.cb019e5d.webp","id":"asset.mel.bolyar.facade","alt":"Zachowana fasada Domu Bojarskiego: kamienna dolna część, ceglane zdobienia i otwory okienne.","objectCaption":"Mur Domu Bojarskiego","caption":"","kindLabel":"Zdjęcie","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece. · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Greece., Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. 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Sama widoczna ozdoba nie dowodzi, kto był budowniczym.","sourceIds":["src.mel.photo.bolyar-facade","src.mel.nesheva2009"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-window","x":0.535,"y":0.35,"title":"Otwór okienny","body":"W zachowanej fasadzie widać otwór z ceglanym łukiem. Oglądamy dzisiejsze pozostałości, a nie odtworzoną izbę.","sourceIds":["src.mel.photo.bolyar-facade","src.mel.nesheva2009"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.92225,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.melnik.melnik.s3-bolyar","duration":30.037,"src":"/audio/pl/melnik/s3-bolyar.4f5f62b1.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2009"},{"id":"src.mel.dermendzhiev2020"}]},{"id":"melnik.a1-title","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: kim był despota","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.mel.title","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Co w tej opowieści oznacza tytuł „despota” w odniesieniu do Sława?","sourceIds":["src.mel.nesheva2008"],"items":[{"id":"opt-rank","label":"Wysoką godność władcy."},{"id":"opt-wine","label":"Kupca handlującego winem.","whyWrong":"Handel należy do późniejszej części opowieści; despota to tytuł."},{"id":"opt-monk","label":"Mnicha malującego ikony.","whyWrong":"Sław rządził swoimi ziemiami; nie jest to funkcja klasztorna."}],"explanation":"To wysoki tytuł władcy.","correctItemId":"opt-rank","sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2008"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":4.600875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.melnik.melnik.a1-title","duration":4.693,"src":"/audio/pl/melnik/a1-title.70a7cb63.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.mel.nesheva2008"}]},{"id":"melnik.s4-landscape","number":5,"kind":"map","title":"Woda kształtuje piramidy","body":"Wokół Mełnika wznoszą się piaszczyste piramidy. Nie zbudował ich żaden władca. Woda rzeczna i deszczowa zabiera cząstki kruchych skał. Piaskowiec to skała złożona z ziaren piasku. W ten sposób woda kształtuje strome zbocza. Wciąż powstają nowe małe piramidy.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-480.3835e19e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-1600.3835e19e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#394140","h":1071,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-mel-pyramids-karlanovo-960.3835e19e.webp","id":"asset.mel.pyramids.karlanovo","alt":"Jasne, wyrzeźbione przez erozję szczyty koło Kyrłanowa, z roślinnością u podnóża.","objectCaption":"Jasne, wyrzeźbione przez erozję szczyty koło Kyrłanowa, z roślinnością u podnóża.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Zdjęcie","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Dreamsdestroyer · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Dreamsdestroyer, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. 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