{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.nessebar-mesambria","hasFind":true,"slug":"nessebar-mesambria","url":"/pl/stories/nessebar-mesambria/","topic":"Nesebyr","title":"Miasto na wąskim przesmyku","summary":"Hełm na monecie, naprawiane mury i kościoły bez dachów: świadectwa różnych epok Mesambrii.","cover":{"title":"Miasto na wąskim przesmyku","subtitle":"Mesambria — starożytny Nesebyr","hook":"Co mówią nam monety i mury Nesebyru?","summary":"Hełm na monecie, naprawiane mury i kościoły bez dachów: świadectwa różnych epok Mesambrii.","takeaway":"Mur, moneta i kościół zachowują różne części przeszłości tego samego miejsca."},"sortYear":-500,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.antiquity","styleId":"antiquity","sortOrder":6,"title":"Główny okres: Starożytność: Trakowie, Grecy, Rzymianie","dateLabel":"I tysiąclecie p.n.e. – VI wiek n.e.","eraShort":"Główny okres: Starożytność","slug":"antiquity","fill":"#D4CBBE","ink":"#221616","raised":"#DAD3C8","dark":"#6B6862"},"epochId":"epoch.antiquity","placeShort":"Nesebyr","date":"Starożytność–średniowiecze","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-coin-gold-cutout-480.1327ed02.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-coin-gold-cutout-960.1327ed02.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-coin-gold-cutout-1600.1327ed02.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#b88c54","h":1760,"w":1807,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-coin-gold-cutout-960.1327ed02.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ness-coin-gold-cutout-960.1327ed02.webp","id":"asset.ness.coin-gold-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Bogini Atena w hełmie, ukazana z boku na złotej monecie.","objectCaption":"Złota moneta Mesambrii","caption":"Awers złotej monety z Mesambrii, zwanej staterem. Przedstawia boginię Atenę w hełmie. Moneta naśladuje wzór Aleksandra Wielkiego.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Fotograf niewymieniony; starożytny obiekt: Mesambria mint, Alexander type · Public domain · Biblioteka Narodowa Francji / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Digitisation: National Library of France, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Photographer uncredited. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Digitisation: National Library of France, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Photographer uncredited. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monnaie_-_Stat%C3%A8re_aux_types_d%27Alexandre_le_grand,_Mesembria,_Thrace_-_btv1b10060926f_(1_of_2).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"nessebar-mesambria.s1-isthmus","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Droga przez przesmyk","body":"Do starego Nesebyru wchodzisz przez przesmyk. To wąski pas ziemi między półwyspem a lądem. Miejsce to ma ponad 3000 lat.\n\nOsada istniała tu jeszcze przed przybyciem Greków. Później przybyli Dorowie, jedna z grup starożytnych Greków. Założyli polis: miasto z własnym ustrojem. Dokładna data ich przybycia jest sporna. Idąc dalej, zobaczysz ślady różnych stuleci.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-panorama-480.e6402963.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-panorama-960.e6402963.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-panorama-1600.e6402963.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#8b868b","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-panorama-960.e6402963.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ness-panorama-960.e6402963.webp","id":"asset.ness.panorama","alt":"Współczesny widok dachów i wieży cerkiewnej, nie starożytna panorama.","objectCaption":"Współczesny widok dachów i wieży cerkiewnej. W 1983 r. stary Nesebyr wpisano na listę światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO.","caption":"Współczesny widok dachów i wieży cerkiewnej. W 1983 r. stary Nesebyr wpisano na listę światowego dziedzictwa UNESCO.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"User:Japus · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.5","attribution":"Photo: Japus; watermark removal: Beao. Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.5. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Japus; watermark removal: Beao. Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.5. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nesebar-panorama-day.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Punkt przedstawia stare miasto. Okrąg nie jest historyczną linią brzegową ani granicą obszaru UNESCO.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.ness.old-town","name":"Stary Nesebyr","latitude":42.65911111111111,"longitude":27.736027777777778,"radiusMeters":600,"sourceIds":["src.ness.unesco"],"accuracy":"approximate","guideUrl":null,"slug":"ness.old-town","url":"/pl/map/#ness.old-town"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":24.128875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.nessebar-mesambria.nessebar-mesambria.s1-isthmus","duration":24.235,"src":"/audio/pl/nessebar-mesambria/s1-isthmus.bd4d98e5.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ness.unesco"},{"id":"src.ness.history"},{"id":"src.ness.cn"},{"id":"src.ness.photo-panorama"}]},{"id":"nessebar-mesambria.s2-walk","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Muzeum i trzy kościoły","body":"Kolekcja archeologiczna i budynki kościelne zachowują świadectwa różnych epok. Drobne znaleziska w muzeum uzupełniają obraz wielkich murów na zewnątrz. Od 1994 r. muzeum mieści się w specjalnie dla niego wzniesionym budynku.\n\nMapa łączy muzeum z trzema kościołami: Chrystusa Pantokratora, św. Zofii i św. Stefana. To miejsca istniejące do dziś. Każdy budynek reprezentuje inną epokę. Monety, mury i dekoracje dostarczają różnych rodzajów świadectw. Zaczynamy od przedmiotu, który zmieści się między dwoma palcami.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-museum-480.54de5251.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-museum-960.54de5251.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-museum-1600.54de5251.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7c7f82","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-museum-960.54de5251.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ness-museum-960.54de5251.webp","id":"asset.ness.museum","alt":"Współczesny budynek Muzeum Archeologicznego w Nesebyrze, nie starożytna budowla.","objectCaption":"Współczesny budynek Muzeum Archeologicznego w Nesebyrze, nie starożytna budowla.","caption":"Współczesny budynek Muzeum Archeologicznego w Nesebyrze, nie starożytna budowla.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Svik  at  Bulgarian Wikipedia · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Svik at Bulgarian Wikipedia. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Svik  at  Bulgarian Wikipedia. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nessebur_Museum.JPG","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-480.8cd13c65.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-960.8cd13c65.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-1600.8cd13c65.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#959695","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-960.8cd13c65.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-960.8cd13c65.webp","id":"asset.ness.walls","alt":"Kamienne mury z pasami cegieł przy wejściu do starego Nesebyru. Widok współczesny z odnowionymi fragmentami.","objectCaption":"Kamienne mury z pasami cegieł przy wejściu do starego Nesebyru. Widok współczesny z odnowionymi fragmentami.","caption":"Kamienne mury z pasami cegieł przy wejściu do starego Nesebyru. Widok współczesny z odnowionymi fragmentami.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Julian Nyča · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Julian Nyča. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Julian Nyča. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nessebar_Stadtmauer.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Przybliżone położenie budynku, nie wejście ani granica obiektu. 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Ich kształt jest widoczny, lecz związek z konkretnym bogiem to interpretacja.","sourceIds":["src.ness.petac2019","src.ness.cn","src.ness.photo-coin-wheel"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-coin-melsas","x":0.65,"y":0.75,"title":"Legenda o Melsasie","body":"Według legendy Melsas założył miasto i nadał mu swoje imię. 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Układali w nim na przemian kamień i cegły. Bizancjum to nazwa, którą dziś określamy wschodnie cesarstwo rzymskie. W średniowieczu mury wielokrotnie naprawiano. Widoczny mur nie powstał więc jednocześnie. Sam materiał nie wskazuje wieku każdego kamienia.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-480.8cd13c65.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-960.8cd13c65.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-1600.8cd13c65.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#959695","h":1067,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-960.8cd13c65.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ness-walls-960.8cd13c65.webp","id":"asset.ness.walls","alt":"Kamienne mury z pasami cegieł przy wejściu do starego Nesebyru. Widok współczesny z odnowionymi fragmentami.","objectCaption":"Kamienne mury z pasami cegieł przy wejściu do starego Nesebyru. Widok współczesny z odnowionymi fragmentami.","caption":"Kamienne mury z pasami cegieł przy wejściu do starego Nesebyru. 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Znaczenie symbolu to osobne pytanie badawcze.","correctItemId":"opt-wheel","sources":[{"id":"src.ness.petac2019"},{"id":"src.ness.cn"},{"id":"src.ness.photo-coin-wheel"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":4.531208333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.nessebar-mesambria.nessebar-mesambria.a1-evidence","duration":4.651,"src":"/audio/pl/nessebar-mesambria/a1-evidence.306ac724.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ness.petac2019"},{"id":"src.ness.cn"},{"id":"src.ness.photo-coin-wheel"}]},{"id":"nessebar-mesambria.s5-sofia","number":6,"kind":"narrative","title":"Kościół bez dachu","body":"W kościele św. Zofii nad głową masz niebo zamiast dawnego dachu. Budowę rozpoczęto na przełomie V i VI wieku n.e. To bazylika: podłużny kościół z trzema częściami biegnącymi wzdłuż budowli, zwanymi nawami. Oddzielają je łuki. Półkolista część na wschodnim końcu to apsyda.\n\nNazywa się ją Starą Metropolią: głównym kościołem miejscowego zwierzchnika kościelnego. Kościół przebudowywano po jego wzniesieniu.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-sofia-arches-480.d58f6bde.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-sofia-arches-960.d58f6bde.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-sofia-arches-1600.d58f6bde.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7b808e","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-sofia-arches-960.d58f6bde.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ness-sofia-arches-960.d58f6bde.webp","id":"asset.ness.sofia-arches","alt":"Widok wzdłuż środkowej części cerkwi św. Zofii ku półkolistej apsydzie, z niebem nad ruinami.","objectCaption":"Widok wzdłuż środkowej części cerkwi św. Zofii ku półkolistej apsydzie, z niebem nad ruinami.","caption":"Widok wzdłuż środkowej części cerkwi św. 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Zofii.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Oleg Yunakov · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Oleg Yunakov. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Oleg Yunakov. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2024_-_Hagia_Sophia_Church_-_01.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Przybliżone położenie budynku, nie wejście ani granica obiektu. Stara Metropolia była główną cerkwią miejscowego zwierzchnika kościelnego.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.ness.sofia","name":"Św. Zofia — Stara Metropolia","latitude":42.659138888889,"longitude":27.736,"radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.ness.coord-sofia","src.ness.sofia"],"accuracy":"approximate","guideUrl":null,"slug":"ness.sofia","url":"/pl/map/#ness.sofia"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":27.60025,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.nessebar-mesambria.nessebar-mesambria.s5-sofia","duration":27.691,"src":"/audio/pl/nessebar-mesambria/s5-sofia.2ea0f370.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ness.sofia"},{"id":"src.ness.history"},{"id":"src.ness.submerged"}]},{"id":"nessebar-mesambria.a2-timeline","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: ułóż w czasie","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.ness.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Ułóż wydarzenia od najwcześniejszego do najpóźniejszego.","sourceIds":["src.ness.history","src.ness.sofia","src.ness.cn"],"items":[{"id":"ev-mint","label":"Miasto zaczyna bić monety"},{"id":"ev-roman","label":"Wojska rzymskie zdobywają miasto"},{"id":"ev-sofia","label":"Budowa świątyni św. Zofii"},{"id":"ev-krum","label":"Krum zdobywa miasto"}],"explanation":"Monety z V w. p.n.e. poprzedzają podbój rzymski; bazylika pochodzi ze stuleci po nim; Krum zdobył miasto po jej budowie.","correctOrderIds":["ev-mint","ev-roman","ev-sofia","ev-krum"],"sources":[{"id":"src.ness.history"},{"id":"src.ness.sofia"},{"id":"src.ness.cn"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.84625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.nessebar-mesambria.nessebar-mesambria.a2-timeline","duration":3.968,"src":"/audio/pl/nessebar-mesambria/a2-timeline.da854e02.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.ness.history"},{"id":"src.ness.sofia"},{"id":"src.ness.cn"}]},{"id":"nessebar-mesambria.s6-churches","number":8,"kind":"artifact","title":"Ceramiczne miseczki i malowidła na ścianach","body":"Przy kościele Chrystusa Pantokratora spójrz nad łuki. Ceramiczne miseczki i czterolistne kształty zdobią fasadę, czyli zewnętrzną ścianę. Pantokrator znaczy Wszechwładca: Chrystus, który włada wszystkim. Kościół pochodzi z XIII–XIV wieku.\n\nW kościele św. Stefana, Nowej Metropolii, spójrz na malowidła na ścianach. Budynek wznoszono od XI do XIII wieku. Napis datuje jednak wykonanie malowideł na 1599 rok. Malowidło ścienne to obraz na ścianie. Budynek i malowidła nie są w tym samym wieku.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-pantocrator-480.ce7b3a03.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-pantocrator-960.ce7b3a03.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-pantocrator-1600.ce7b3a03.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-ness-pantocrator-2400.ce7b3a03.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#858b8e","h":1786,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-ness-pantocrator-960.ce7b3a03.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-ness-pantocrator-960.ce7b3a03.webp","id":"asset.ness.pantocrator","alt":"Fasada cerkwi Chrystusa Pantokratora z łukami, zieloną dekoracją ceramiczną i tamburem pod kopułą.","objectCaption":"Fasada cerkwi Chrystusa Pantokratora z łukami, zieloną dekoracją ceramiczną i tamburem pod kopułą.","caption":"Fasada cerkwi Chrystusa Pantokratora z łukami, zieloną dekoracją ceramiczną i tamburem pod kopułą.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Chrumps · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Chrumps; sharpening: Jacek Halicki. 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Zdjęcie ma białą ramkę.","caption":"Wnętrze cerkwi św. Stefana z malowidłami ściennymi, kolumnami i ikonostasem. Zdjęcie ma białą ramkę.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"fusion-of-horizons · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: fusion-of-horizons. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"fusion-of-horizons. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. 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