{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.revival-school-gabrovo","hasFind":true,"slug":"revival-school-gabrovo","url":"/pl/stories/revival-school-gabrovo/","topic":"Szkoła w Gabrowie z 1835 roku","title":"Jak szkoła zmieniła miasto","summary":"Przed powstaniem nowej szkoły w Gabrowie istniało nauczanie przycerkiewne. Opowieść łączy trzy tematy: Elementarz rybny z 1824 roku, darczyńców szkoły w Gabrowie oraz pracę jej pierwszego nauczyciela, Neofita Rilskiego. Prowadzi od szkoły przycerkiewnej do pierwszej nowobułgarskiej szkoły świeckiej i do budynku, w którym dziś mieści się Narodowe Muzeum Oświaty.","cover":{"title":"Jak szkoła zmieniła miasto","subtitle":"Elementarz rybny, Wasił Apriłow i szkoła z 1835 roku","hook":"Jak dzieci uczyły się pisać w piasku?","summary":"Przed powstaniem nowej szkoły w Gabrowie istniało nauczanie przycerkiewne. Opowieść łączy trzy tematy: Elementarz rybny z 1824 roku, darczyńców szkoły w Gabrowie oraz pracę jej pierwszego nauczyciela, Neofita Rilskiego. Prowadzi od szkoły przycerkiewnej do pierwszej nowobułgarskiej szkoły świeckiej i do budynku, w którym dziś mieści się Narodowe Muzeum Oświaty.","takeaway":"Przykład szybko się rozprzestrzenił. Nauczyciele przygotowani w Gabrowie pod kierunkiem Neofita Rilskiego uczyli w miejscowościach po obu stronach Bałkanu, a w 1837 roku Neofit otworzył szkołę w Kopriwszticy. Według danych zebranych przez Penkę Conewą w połowie lat 50. XIX wieku istniało ponad dwieście szkół wzajemnego nauczania, a około 1878 roku — około tysiąca pięciuset. W 1856 roku w Swisztowie, Łomie i Szumenie pojawiły się pierwsze czytaliszcza, społeczne ośrodki czytelnicze."},"sortYear":1835,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Odrodzenie i wyzwolenie","dateLabel":"XVIII–XIX wiek","eraShort":"Odrodzenie","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Gabrowo","date":"1835","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-cutout-267.177c9b4e.avif","w":267}],"dominant":"#ac9075","h":549,"w":267,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-cutout-267.177c9b4e.webp","w":267}],"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-cutout-267.177c9b4e.webp","id":"asset.gabrovo.riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Strona z rycinami z Elementarza rybnego: dwa ptaki oznaczone numerami 9 i 10, delfin z numerem 12 i duży wieloryb z numerem 11","objectCaption":"Ilustracje z elementarza","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Photonik · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Illustrations from the Fish Primer, first published in 1824. The photographed copy is undated. Photo: Photonik / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Illustrations from the Fish Primer, first published in 1824. The photographed copy is undated. Photo: Photonik / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riben-bukvar-pril3-1600.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.s1","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Przed 1835 rokiem: litery z modlitw","body":"Przed powstaniem nowej szkoły w Gabrowie istniało nauczanie przycerkiewne. W przeglądzie szkół przycerkiewnych od XV do XVII wieku Penka Conewa opisuje naukę czytania na podstawie modlitw i ksiąg liturgicznych, pisanie i rachunki. To ogólny opis wcześniejszej tradycji, a nie zachowany program nauczania z Gabrowa z lat 20. XIX wieku. W tej tradycji nauczycielem mógł być duchowny lub umiejący czytać i pisać rzemieślnik.\n\nNikołaj Christoforow Pałauzow urodził się w Gabrowie w 1821 roku i uczył się w miejscowej szkole przycerkiewnej. W 1830 roku wyjechał do Odessy, do swojego stryja Nikołaja Stefanowa Pałauzowa, współpracownika Wasiła Apriłowa.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-kanitz-gabrovo-480.2119f0ac.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-kanitz-gabrovo-960.2119f0ac.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-kanitz-gabrovo-1024.2119f0ac.avif","w":1024}],"dominant":"#a48d64","h":575,"w":1024,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-kanitz-gabrovo-960.2119f0ac.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-kanitz-gabrovo-960.2119f0ac.webp","id":"asset.gabrovo.kanitz-gabrovo","alt":"Artystyczny widok rzeki, kamiennego mostu, domów na brzegu i dzwonnicy.","objectCaption":"Artystyczny widok rzeki, kamiennego mostu, domów na brzegu i dzwonnicy.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Felix Philipp Kanitz (Феликс Каниц) · Public domain (PD-old) · Archiwum Naukowe Bułgarskiej Akademii Nauk / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain (PD-old)","attribution":"Felix Kanitz, Gabrovo, 1885. A later artistic view of the town, fifty years after the school opened. Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Felix Kanitz, Gabrovo, 1885. A later artistic view of the town, fifty years after the school opened. Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gabrovo_by_Felix_Kanitz.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-old"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":43.71491666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.revival-school-gabrovo.revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.s1","duration":43.819,"src":"/audio/pl/revival-school-gabrovo/gabrovo.s1.b98e5643.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.gabrovo.tsoneva-2015"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.burceva-2016"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bas-enc-palauzov"}]},{"id":"revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.s2","number":2,"kind":"artifact","title":"Elementarz z wielorybem i delfinem","body":"W 1824 roku w Braszowie ukazała się niewielka książka o długim tytule: „Elementarz z różnymi pouczeniami”. Opracował ją Petyr Beron, urodzony w Kotle. Wydanie ukazało się dzięki pomocy finansowej Antona Jovanovicia. Zawiera alfabet, arytmetykę, fizykę, bajki, nauki moralne i modlitwy. Jest w nim także dwanaście rysunków zwierząt. Na ostatnim arkuszu z ilustracjami znajdują się wieloryb nr 11 i delfin nr 12. Bułgarski Bank Narodowy wiąże nazwę Elementarz rybny z oboma obrazami, a opis Światowej Biblioteki Cyfrowej wskazuje wieloryba.\n\nWedług relacji Bułgarskiego Banku Narodowego Beron pisze we wstępie o opłakanym stanie oświaty. Zgodnie z opisem banku elementarz służył dzieciom i nauczycielom jako pomoc do nauczania wzajemnego. Na końcu wydrukowano cenę: trzy grosze.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-480.98c4e596.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-960.98c4e596.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-1280.98c4e596.avif","w":1280}],"dominant":"#e1d4ad","h":1036,"w":1280,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-960.98c4e596.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin-960.98c4e596.webp","id":"asset.gabrovo.riben-bukvar-whale-dolphin","alt":"Strona z rycinami z Elementarza rybnego: dwa ptaki oznaczone numerami 9 i 10, delfin z numerem 12 i duży wieloryb z numerem 11","objectCaption":"Ilustracje z elementarza","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Photonik · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Illustrations from the Fish Primer, first published in 1824. The photographed copy is undated. Photo: Photonik / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Illustrations from the Fish Primer, first published in 1824. The photographed copy is undated. Photo: Photonik / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riben-bukvar-pril3-1600.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-title-480.29f46dab.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-title-960.29f46dab.avif","w":960}],"dominant":"#bba380","h":1344,"w":960,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-title-960.29f46dab.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-riben-bukvar-title-960.29f46dab.webp","id":"asset.gabrovo.riben-bukvar-title","alt":"Strona tytułowa z napisem „Elementarz z różnymi pouczeniami”, nazwiskiem Petra H. 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U dołu po lewej znajduje się sfera armilarna.","objectCaption":"Mężczyzna w okularach i czarnej czapce czyta kartkę przy biurku z książkami. U dołu po lewej znajduje się sfera armilarna.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Николай Павлович · Public domain (PD-Art | PD-old-auto-expired) · Galeria Narodowa / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain (PD-Art | PD-old-auto-expired)","attribution":"Nikolai Pavlovich, Portrait of Dr Petar Beron, c. 1886. Posthumous portrait. National Gallery, Sofia / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Nikolai Pavlovich, Portrait of Dr Petar Beron, c. 1886. Posthumous portrait. National Gallery, Sofia / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. 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W książce jest dwanaście rysunków, a ta strona przedstawia cztery ostatnie.","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bnb-2024","src.gabrovo.riben-bukvar-nlib-pdf"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[{"note":"Muzeum Pierwszej Szkoły Rumuńskiej w Braszowie przechowuje prasę drukarską związaną z Elementarzem rybnym.","precision":"exact","id":"place.gabrovo.brasov-press","name":"Muzeum Pierwszej Szkoły Rumuńskiej, dzielnica Șchei, Braszów (prasa drukarska Elementarza rybnego)","latitude":45.635869,"longitude":25.5812131,"accuracy":"verified_point","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.mfa-brasov-2016","src.gabrovo.osm"],"short":"Braszów","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.brasov-press","url":"/pl/map/#gabrovo.brasov-press"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":54.23354166666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.revival-school-gabrovo.revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.s2","duration":54.357,"src":"/audio/pl/revival-school-gabrovo/gabrovo.s2.1869b5ec.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.gabrovo.bnb-2024"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.riben-bukvar-wdl-scan"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.riben-bukvar-nlib-pdf"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.mfa-brasov-2016"}]},{"id":"revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.s3","number":3,"kind":"narrative","title":"Kupiec z Odessy","body":"Wasił Apriłow urodził się w Gabrowie w 1789 roku. W 1809 lub 1811 roku osiadł w Odessie i wraz z bratem założył firmę handlową. W 1826 roku wycofał z niej swój kapitał i ulokował go w banku. Historyczka Teodoriczka Gotowska-Henze wiąże jego zwrot ku bułgarskiej oświacie od 1831 roku z wpływem książki Jurija Wenelina „Dawni i dzisiejsi Bułgarzy”.\n\nWraz z Nikołajem Stefanowem Pałauzowem Apriłow wspierał powstanie szkoły w Gabrowie. Wśród darczyńców był także Wasił Raszejew. Według kalendarza BTA utrzymanie szkoły przejęła ludność bułgarska.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-aprilov-portrait-480.5332e922.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-aprilov-portrait-960.5332e922.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-aprilov-portrait-1105.5332e922.avif","w":1105}],"dominant":"#525044","h":1600,"w":1105,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-aprilov-portrait-960.5332e922.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-aprilov-portrait-960.5332e922.webp","id":"asset.gabrovo.aprilov-portrait","alt":"Portret Wasiła Apriłowa z ciemnymi włosami, białym kołnierzem i ciemną marynarką.","objectCaption":"Portret Wasiła Apriłowa z ciemnymi włosami, białym kołnierzem i ciemną marynarką.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Nieznany autor · Public domain (PD-old) · Państwowa Agencja Archiwów Bułgarii / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain (PD-old)","attribution":"Vasil Aprilov, portrait by an Unknown artist, undated. 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To data według starego stylu; w dzisiejszym kalendarzu jest to 14 stycznia. Pierwszym nauczycielem był Neofit Rilski, urodzony w Bansku mnich z Monasteru Rylskiego. Rok wcześniej wyjechał do Bukaresztu, by poznać metodę wzajemnego nauczania, i przygotował tablice oraz podręczniki dla nowej szkoły.\n\nWedług przekazów regionalnych pierwszą siedzibą był stary piętrowy dom przy cerkwi Świętej Trójcy. Dziś już nie istnieje. Szkoła jest pamiętana jako pierwsza nowobułgarska szkoła świecka: uczono po bułgarsku i nie tylko z ksiąg cerkiewnych.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-neofit-rilski-photo-480.ea737ee5.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-neofit-rilski-photo-960.ea737ee5.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-neofit-rilski-photo-1280.ea737ee5.avif","w":1280}],"dominant":"#302a21","h":1530,"w":1280,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-neofit-rilski-photo-960.ea737ee5.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-neofit-rilski-photo-960.ea737ee5.webp","id":"asset.gabrovo.neofit-rilski-photo","alt":"Czarno-biała fotografia starszego mnicha z białą brodą i czarnym nakryciem głowy","objectCaption":"Czarno-biała fotografia starszego mnicha z białą brodą i czarnym nakryciem głowy","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Nieznany fotograf · Public domain (PD-anon-70-EU) · Państwowa Agencja Archiwów Bułgarii / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain (PD-anon-70-EU)","attribution":"Neofit Rilski, photograph before 1881, not from the time the school opened. Unknown photographer. Bulgarian Archives State Agency, Central State Archives, f. 844K, inv. 2, a.u. 121, sh. 1 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Neofit Rilski, photograph before 1881, not from the time the school opened. Unknown photographer. Bulgarian Archives State Agency, Central State Archives, f. 844K, inv. 2, a.u. 121, sh. 1 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-844K-2-121-1-Neofit_Rilski.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-anon-70-EU"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Pierwsza szkoła w Gabrowie stała obok cerkwi Świętej Trójcy. Budynek z 1835 roku nie przetrwał.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.first-premises","name":"Pierwszy budynek szkoły (1835), przy cerkwi Świętej Trójcy w Gabrowie","latitude":42.8727784,"longitude":25.3197884,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.virtual-museum","src.gabrovo.osm"],"radiusMeters":150,"short":"Gabrowo","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.first-premises","url":"/pl/map/#gabrovo.first-premises"},{"note":"W Bukareszcie Neofit Rilski poznawał metodę wzajemnego nauczania, zanim zastosował ją w szkole w Gabrowie.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.bucharest","name":"Bukareszt","latitude":44.4361414,"longitude":26.102684,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bta-rila-2023","src.gabrovo.visit-bansko","src.gabrovo.osm"],"radiusMeters":5000,"short":"Bukareszt","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.bucharest","url":"/pl/map/#gabrovo.bucharest"},{"note":"Monastyr Rilski łączy średniowieczną wieżę Chrelja z cerkwią i skrzydłami odbudowanymi w XIX wieku. Pracował tu uczony i nauczyciel Neofit Rilski.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.rila.monastery","name":"Monaster Rylski","latitude":42.134379,"longitude":23.339551,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":100,"sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bta-rila-2023","src.gabrovo.krasteva-2024","src.gabrovo.osm","src.rila.iliev2000","src.rila.wikidata.rila"],"short":"Monaster Rylski","guideUrl":null,"slug":"rila.monastery","url":"/pl/map/#rila.monastery"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":37.538375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.revival-school-gabrovo.revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.s4","duration":37.632,"src":"/audio/pl/revival-school-gabrovo/gabrovo.s4.f87ebc3d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.gabrovo.nag-history"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.virtual-museum"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bta-calendar-en"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bta-calendar-bg"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.krasteva-2024"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bta-rila-2023"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.nim-seal"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.visit-bansko"}]},{"id":"revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.a1","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Pierwszy nauczyciel","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.gabrovo.first-teacher","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Kto był pierwszym nauczycielem szkoły w Gabrowie w 1835 roku?","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bta-calendar-bg","src.gabrovo.nim-seal","src.gabrovo.bnb-2024","src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa","src.gabrovo.visit-bansko","src.gabrovo.bas-enc-palauzov"],"items":[{"id":"q.gabrovo.first-teacher.neofit","label":"Neofit Rilski"},{"id":"q.gabrovo.first-teacher.beron","label":"Petyr Beron","whyWrong":"Petyr Beron opracował Elementarz rybny. Pierwszym nauczycielem szkoły w Gabrowie mianowano w 1835 roku Neofita Rilskiego."},{"id":"q.gabrovo.first-teacher.aprilov","label":"Wasił Apriłow","whyWrong":"Wasił Apriłow był wśród darczyńców i organizatorów. Na pierwszego nauczyciela mianowano Neofita Rilskiego."},{"id":"q.gabrovo.first-teacher.palauzov","label":"Nikołaj Stefanow Pałauzow","whyWrong":"Chodzi tu o darczyńcę Nikołaja Stefanowa Pałauzowa, stryja wspomnianego wcześniej ucznia. Pierwszym nauczycielem był Neofit Rilski."}],"explanation":"Pierwszym nauczycielem był Neofit Rilski. Przed otwarciem szkoły poznawał metodę wzajemnego nauczania w Bukareszcie.","correctItemId":"q.gabrovo.first-teacher.neofit","sources":[{"id":"src.gabrovo.bta-calendar-bg"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.nim-seal"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bnb-2024"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.visit-bansko"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bas-enc-palauzov"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":5.425208333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.revival-school-gabrovo.revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.a1","duration":5.547,"src":"/audio/pl/revival-school-gabrovo/gabrovo.a1.53085f1c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.gabrovo.bta-calendar-bg"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.nim-seal"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bnb-2024"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.visit-bansko"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bas-enc-palauzov"}]},{"id":"revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.s5","number":6,"kind":"narrative","title":"Jak działa metoda wzajemnego nauczania","body":"Nauczyciel był jeden, a dzieci wiele. Dlatego uczył najbardziej zaawansowanych, a ci pokazywali reszcie. Metoda jest związana z nazwiskami Andrew Bella i Josepha Lancastera, którzy rozwinęli jej różne warianty.\n\nRekonstrukcja szkoły wzajemnego nauczania w Bansku przedstawia między innymi role monitorów i dyżurnych przy drzwiach. Monitorzy to uczniowie, którzy pomagają pozostałym. Dyżurni sprawdzają wygląd uczniów i potrzebne przybory. Pokazano tam także etapy nauki pisania: najpierw na piasku, potem rysikiem na tabliczce, a na koniec piórem na papierze. Piórem i atramentem na papierze piszą najbardziej zaawansowani. Nad stołem nauczyciela w rekonstrukcji wiszą białe tabliczki oznaczające pochwałę i czarne oznaczające naganę. Dla Gabrowa Neofit Rilski wydał tablice do wzajemnego nauczania już w 1835 roku.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-monitorial-school-borough-road-480.756b52f7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-monitorial-school-borough-road-956.756b52f7.avif","w":956}],"dominant":"#d3d3d5","h":619,"w":956,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-monitorial-school-borough-road-956.756b52f7.webp","w":956}],"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-monitorial-school-borough-road-956.756b52f7.webp","id":"asset.gabrovo.monitorial-school-borough-road","alt":"Rycina przedstawiająca ogromną salę szkolną z długimi rzędami ławek i setkami dzieci podzielonych na grupy wokół pomocników","objectCaption":"Rycina przedstawiająca ogromną salę szkolną z długimi rzędami ławek i setkami dzieci podzielonych na grupy wokół pomocników","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Anonimowy rytownik · Public domain (PD-Art | PD-anon-expired | PD-old) · British i Foreign School Society archives / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain (PD-Art | PD-anon-expired | PD-old)","attribution":"Interior of the Central School of the British and Foreign School Society, Borough Road, London, 1817. Anonymous engraving / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Interior of the Central School of the British and Foreign School Society, Borough Road, London, 1817. Anonymous engraving / Wikimedia Commons, Public domain Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:British_Central_School_Borough_Road.png","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-Art"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-museum-classroom-480.8c4e0cfb.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-museum-classroom-960.8c4e0cfb.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-museum-classroom-1600.8c4e0cfb.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#9f9890","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-museum-classroom-960.8c4e0cfb.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-gabrovo-museum-classroom-960.8c4e0cfb.webp","id":"asset.gabrovo.museum-classroom","alt":"Muzealna sala lekcyjna z drewnianymi ławkami, katedrą nauczyciela i napisem na ścianie","objectCaption":"Muzealna sala lekcyjna z drewnianymi ławkami, katedrą nauczyciela i napisem na ścianie","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Mihal Orela (Михал Орела) · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Museum classroom in Gabrovo, photographed on 12 June 2006. The precise period reconstructed is not established. Photo: Mihal Orela / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Museum classroom in Gabrovo, photographed on 12 June 2006. The precise period reconstructed is not established. Photo: Mihal Orela / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_first_Bulgarian_School,_Gabrovo.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":51.795458333333336,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.revival-school-gabrovo.revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.s5","duration":51.925,"src":"/audio/pl/revival-school-gabrovo/gabrovo.s5.87881803.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.gabrovo.bta-calendar-bg"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.dcb-lancaster"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.bta-bansko-2024"},{"id":"src.gabrovo.krasteva-2024"}]},{"id":"revival-school-gabrovo.gabrovo.a2","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Piasek, tabliczka, atrament","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.gabrovo.mutual-tools","kind":"matching","prompt":"Na podstawie opisanej rekonstrukcji w Bansku połącz każdy przybór lub rolę z odpowiednim opisem.","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bta-bansko-2024"],"items":[{"id":"q.gabrovo.mutual-tools.sand","label":"Tacka z piaskiem","pairedLabel":"Pierwszy etap: pisanie na piasku"},{"id":"q.gabrovo.mutual-tools.slate","label":"Tabliczka","pairedLabel":"Drugi etap: pisanie rysikiem"},{"id":"q.gabrovo.mutual-tools.ink","label":"Atrament, pióro i papier","pairedLabel":"Trzeci etap: pisanie na papierze"},{"id":"q.gabrovo.mutual-tools.monitor","label":"Monitor","pairedLabel":"Uczeń, który pomaga pozostałym"}],"explanation":"W opisanej rekonstrukcji nauka pisania przebiega od piasku przez tabliczkę do papieru. 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W 1856 roku w Swisztowie, Łomie i Szumenie pojawiły się pierwsze czytaliszcza, społeczne ośrodki czytelnicze.\n\nW Gabrowie od 1851 roku budowano nowy duży gmach, a w 1872 roku szkoła stała się gimnazjum. W 1897 roku szczątki Apriłowa ponownie pochowano na szkolnym dziedzińcu. Dziś w budynku działają Narodowe Gimnazjum im. 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