{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.rila-monastery","hasFind":true,"slug":"rila-monastery","url":"/pl/stories/rila-monastery/","topic":"Monaster Rylski","title":"Wieża i życie wokół niej","summary":"Od Iwana Rylskiego i średniowiecznej wieży po księgi, malowidła epoki odrodzenia i nowe budynki po pożarze. Opowieść o tym, jak wspólnota przekazuje swoją pamięć.","cover":{"title":"Wieża i życie wokół niej","subtitle":"Monaster Rylski na przestrzeni wieków","hook":"Co przetrwało pożar klasztoru?","summary":"Od Iwana Rylskiego i średniowiecznej wieży po księgi, malowidła epoki odrodzenia i nowe budynki po pożarze. Opowieść o tym, jak wspólnota przekazuje swoją pamięć.","takeaway":"Ciągłość nie oznacza tu, że przetrwał każdy mur. Nasz wniosek jest bardziej konkretny: ludzie przekazywali życie monastyczne, księgi i umiejętności, nawet gdy odbudowywali budynki. Wieża jest średniowieczna, a główna cerkiew pochodzi z XIX wieku."},"sortYear":1834,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.ottoman","styleId":"ottoman","sortOrder":2,"title":"Okres osmański","dateLabel":"1396–1878","eraShort":"Okres osmański","slug":"ottoman","fill":"#9A7B66","ink":"#221616","raised":"#A98F7D","dark":"#6D5F55"},"epochId":"epoch.ottoman","placeShort":"Monastyr Rilski","date":"1834–1862","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-cutout-480.023657ec.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-cutout-960.023657ec.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-cutout-1294.023657ec.avif","w":1294}],"dominant":"#887d77","h":2009,"w":1294,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-cutout-960.023657ec.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-cutout-960.023657ec.webp","id":"asset.rila.tower-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Kamienna wieża z późniejszą przybudówką z przodu i fragmentem głównej cerkwi po prawej.","objectCaption":"Wieża Chrelia","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Explorer1940 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Explorer1940, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Hrelyo’s Tower today. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Explorer1940, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Hrelyo’s Tower today. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rila_Monastery_Tower_of_Hrelyo_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"rila-monastery.s1-after-fire","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Po pożarze","body":"W 1833 r. pożar spustoszył Monaster Rylski. Ocalała jednak kamienna wieża Chrela. Dziś wznosi się obok cerkwi o pasiastych łukach i malowanych ścianach. Sąsiedztwo może mylić: budowle te pochodzą z różnych epok.\n\nJest jeszcze jedna niespodzianka. Według przeglądu historycznego Iliewa pożar oszczędził nie tylko wieżę, lecz także średniowieczną kamienną cerkiew. Starą cerkiew później rozebrano, by zbudować większą. Dziedziniec zmieniły więc zarówno ogień, jak i ludzka decyzja. Wieża jest najstarszą zachowaną tu budowlą, ale cały monaster nie pozostał nietknięty. Co zatem nadal żyło?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-480.e580f640.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-960.e580f640.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-1600.e580f640.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#918d8c","h":2400,"w":1800,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-960.e580f640.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-960.e580f640.webp","id":"asset.rila.tower","alt":"Kamienna wieża z późniejszą przybudówką z przodu i fragmentem głównej cerkwi po prawej.","objectCaption":"Wieża Chrelia","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Explorer1940 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Explorer1940, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Hrelyo’s Tower today. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Explorer1940, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Hrelyo’s Tower today. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rila_Monastery_Tower_of_Hrelyo_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":39.860375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.rila-monastery.rila-monastery.s1-after-fire","duration":39.979,"src":"/audio/pl/rila-monastery/s1-after-fire.f0fa3c4f.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"},{"id":"src.rila.monastery.tower"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.tower"}]},{"id":"rila-monastery.s2-hermit-and-community","number":2,"kind":"narrative","title":"Samotnik, a potem wspólnota","body":"Początki wiążą się z Iwanem Rylskim, pustelnikiem z X wieku. Dzisiejsze krużganki nie były jego domem. Pamięć o nim przekazywano w tekstach, a żywoty łączą opowieść o jego życiu z cudami. W jednym z nich mały chleb nakarmił dziewięciu myśliwych cara Piotra, a połowa jeszcze została. To przekaz hagiograficzny, a nie niezależnie potwierdzone wydarzenie.\n\nInny tekst, Testament przypisywany Iwanowi, poucza mnichów, by żyli we wspólnocie, pracowali i przyjmowali przybyszów. Dotarł do nas w późnych odpisach, a nie w zachowanym rękopisie autora. Malowidło przedstawia późniejszy wizerunek świętego, a nie portret namalowany za jego życia. Opowieść o samotniku stała się częścią życia wspólnoty.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-john-480.2aea3396.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-john-960.2aea3396.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-john-1200.2aea3396.avif","w":1200}],"dominant":"#697c95","h":1600,"w":1200,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-john-960.2aea3396.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rila-john-960.2aea3396.webp","id":"asset.rila.john","alt":"Jan Rylski z długą białą brodą i aureolą na niebieskim tle.","objectCaption":"Jan Rylski z długą białą brodą i aureolą na niebieskim tle.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Biso · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Biso, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Mural image of Ivan of Rila. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Biso, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Mural image of Ivan of Rila. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ivan_Rilski_-_fresco_from_church_in_rila_monastery-bulgaria.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-self"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":45.20095833333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.rila-monastery.rila-monastery.s2-hermit-and-community","duration":45.312,"src":"/audio/pl/rila-monastery/s2-hermit-and-community.bfcd734e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.monastery.about"},{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"},{"id":"src.rila.life.hagiography"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.john"}]},{"id":"rila-monastery.s3-stone-and-letters","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Kamień, który nosi imię","body":"W XIV wieku fundator Stefan Chrelo Dragowoł wzniósł wieżę obronną. Przegląd na stronie monasteru podaje lata 1334–1335, a strona poświęcona wieży rok 1335. Przedział i pojedynczy rok nie wykluczają się.\n\nKamienna budowla ma pięć kondygnacji. Na ostatniej znajduje się kaplica Przemienienia Pańskiego z malowidłami z XIV wieku. Obrona i modlitwa znalazły się pod jednym dachem. Ceglany napis fundacyjny, pokazany także na osobnym zbliżeniu, łączy wieżę z jej fundatorem. Przybudówka z przodu na szerszym zdjęciu jest późniejsza: widoczna sylwetka nie jest w całości średniowieczna. Aby odczytać to miejsce, trzeba rozróżniać jego warstwy.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-480.e580f640.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-960.e580f640.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-1600.e580f640.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#918d8c","h":2400,"w":1800,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-960.e580f640.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rila-tower-960.e580f640.webp","id":"asset.rila.tower","alt":"Kamienna wieża z późniejszą przybudówką z przodu i fragmentem głównej cerkwi po prawej.","objectCaption":"Wieża Chrelia","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Explorer1940 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Explorer1940, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Hrelyo’s Tower today. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Explorer1940, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Hrelyo’s Tower today. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rila_Monastery_Tower_of_Hrelyo_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-inscription-480.4896c628.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-inscription-960.4896c628.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-inscription-1600.4896c628.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-inscription-2400.4896c628.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#806a5d","h":1869,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-inscription-960.4896c628.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rila-inscription-960.4896c628.webp","id":"asset.rila.inscription","alt":"Ceglane litery w prostokątnym polu nad łukiem; część inskrypcji jest w cieniu.","objectCaption":"Ceglane litery w prostokątnym polu nad łukiem; część inskrypcji jest w cieniu.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Todor Bozhinov / Тодор Божинов · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Todor Bozhinov / Тодор Божинов, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Building inscription on Hrelyo’s Tower. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Todor Bozhinov / Тодор Божинов, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Building inscription on Hrelyo’s Tower. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hrelyo%27s_Tower_Rila_Monastery_building_inscription_1334.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-rila-stone","x":0.13,"y":0.58,"title":"Kamienna wieża","body":"To średniowieczna kamienna część. Wieża ma pięć kondygnacji i służyła do obrony.","sourceIds":["src.rila.monastery.tower","src.rila.iliev2000","src.rila.photo.tower"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rila-chapel","x":0.34,"y":0.16,"title":"Kaplica na górze","body":"Na ostatniej kondygnacji znajduje się kaplica Przemienienia Pańskiego z malowidłami z XIV wieku. Punkt wskazuje górną część wieży; wnętrza nie widać na zdjęciu.","sourceIds":["src.rila.monastery.tower","src.rila.photo.tower"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rila-addition","x":0.39,"y":0.49,"title":"Późniejsza przybudówka","body":"Przed wieżą widać późniejszą przybudówkę z kolumnami i dzwonami. Nie datujemy jej na ten sam okres co średniowiecznego muru.","sourceIds":["src.rila.management2004","src.rila.photo.tower"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":44.643708333333336,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.rila-monastery.rila-monastery.s3-stone-and-letters","duration":44.757,"src":"/audio/pl/rila-monastery/s3-stone-and-letters.8b80a345.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.monastery.tower"},{"id":"src.rila.monastery.about"},{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"},{"id":"src.rila.management2004"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.tower"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.inscription"}]},{"id":"rila-monastery.s4-return-from-tarnovo","number":4,"kind":"map","title":"Powrót z Tyrnowa","body":"W okresie osmańskim warunki życia monasteru się zmieniły. Iliew opisuje jego opuszczenie około połowy XV wieku, a następnie odnowienie wspólnoty monastycznej. W 1466 r. monaster zawarł umowę o wzajemnej pomocy z monasterem św. Pantelejmona na Athosie.\n\nW 1469 r., za zgodą władz osmańskich, relikwie Iwana Rylskiego przeniesiono z Tyrnowa z powrotem do Riły. O przeniesieniu pisał Władysław Gramatyk. Mapa łączy dwa miejsca opowieści, nie odtwarzając dokładnej trasy.\n\nFermany z 1498 i 1519 r. potwierdzały posiadłości monasteru, lecz nie położyły kresu grabieżom. Mimo tej niepewności trwała praca nad księgami. Pod koniec XVII wieku działała tu pracownia introligatorska: księgi trzeba było nie tylko czytać, lecz także oprawiać.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Monastyr Rilski łączy średniowieczną wieżę Chrelja z cerkwią i skrzydłami odbudowanymi w XIX wieku. 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co przetrwało","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.rila.fire","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Co według opowieści przetrwało pożar w 1833 r.?","sourceIds":["src.rila.iliev2000"],"items":[{"id":"opt-both","label":"Wieża i średniowieczna kamienna cerkiew."},{"id":"opt-tower","label":"Tylko wieża.","whyWrong":"Pożar oszczędził także starą kamienną cerkiew."},{"id":"opt-current","label":"Obecne skrzydła mieszkalne.","whyWrong":"Opowieść przedstawia zniszczenie i późniejszą odbudowę, a nie nietknięty zespół."}],"explanation":"Wieża nie była jedyną ocalałą budowlą. Po pożarze starą cerkiew zastąpiono większą.","correctItemId":"opt-both","sources":[{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":4.891125,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.rila-monastery.rila-monastery.a1-fire","duration":4.992,"src":"/audio/pl/rila-monastery/a1-fire.2f6df83e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"}]},{"id":"rila-monastery.s5-painting-again","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"Malować na nowo","body":"Po pożarze rozpoczęto nowe budowy. UNESCO podaje lata 1834–1862 jako okres odbudowy zespołu. Nie jest to data jednej budowli. Główna cerkiew Narodzenia Bogurodzicy i skrzydła mieszkalne tworzą dziedziniec, który widzimy dzisiaj.\n\nZacharij Zograf uczestniczył w malowaniu części naosu, głównej przestrzeni wewnętrznej świątyni. Korpus Bułgarskiej Akademii Nauk podaje lata 1842–1845; prezentacja naukowa Janczewej datuje malowidła w naosie autorstwa Dimityra i Zacharija na 1844 r. Zacharij nie jest autorem wszystkich malowideł w monasterze.\n\nNa zdjęciu zewnętrznej galerii widzimy Bogurodzicę z Dzieciątkiem w otoczeniu innych postaci. Nie ustaliliśmy autora tego konkretnego fragmentu. Ukazuje on układ malowanej powierzchni, ale nie dowodzi autorstwa.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-fresco-480.0d38ef42.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-fresco-960.0d38ef42.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-fresco-1600.0d38ef42.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#8c6757","h":1817,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-fresco-960.0d38ef42.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rila-fresco-960.0d38ef42.webp","id":"asset.rila.fresco","alt":"Matka Boża z Dzieciątkiem w środku kolistej kompozycji z innymi postaciami.","objectCaption":"Matka Boża z Dzieciątkiem w środku kolistej kompozycji z innymi postaciami.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Pudelek (Marcin Szala), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Mural in the church gallery. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Pudelek (Marcin Szala), Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. Mural in the church gallery. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rila_Monastery_(%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80)_-_fresco.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-rila-centre","x":0.51,"y":0.48,"title":"Środek kompozycji","body":"W środku znajdują się Matka Boża i Dzieciątko. To obserwacja zdjęcia, a nie przypisanie dzieła malarzowi.","sourceIds":["src.rila.photo.fresco"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rila-surround","x":0.23,"y":0.38,"title":"Postacie wokół środka","body":"Wokół centralnego wizerunku znajdują się inne postacie. Nie nazywamy poszczególnych scen bez sprawdzonego katalogu.","sourceIds":["src.rila.photo.fresco"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-rila-painted-border","x":0.51,"y":0.07,"title":"Malowana rama","body":"Wzdłuż krawędzi biegnie pas z napisem. Nie proponujemy nowego odczytania tekstu ze zdjęcia.","sourceIds":["src.rila.photo.fresco"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":55.800875,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.rila-monastery.rila-monastery.s5-painting-again","duration":55.893,"src":"/audio/pl/rila-monastery/s5-painting-again.fc498a9a.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.unesco"},{"id":"src.rila.corpus2018"},{"id":"src.rila.yancheva"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.fresco"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.church"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.courtyard"}]},{"id":"rila-monastery.a2-timeline","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: ułóż w czasie","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.rila.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Ułóż wydarzenia od najwcześniejszego do najpóźniejszego.","sourceIds":["src.rila.monastery.about","src.rila.iliev2000","src.rila.yancheva"],"items":[{"id":"ev-tower","label":"Budowa wieży Chrela"},{"id":"ev-return","label":"Powrót relikwii z Tyrnowa"},{"id":"ev-fire","label":"Pożar monasteru"},{"id":"ev-zograf","label":"Dimityr i Zachari malują cerkiew"}],"explanation":"Wieża pochodzi z XIV wieku, relikwie wróciły w XV wieku. Pożar poprzedził nowe malowidła w XIX wieku.","correctOrderIds":["ev-tower","ev-return","ev-fire","ev-zograf"],"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.monastery.about"},{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"},{"id":"src.rila.yancheva"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.84625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.rila-monastery.rila-monastery.a2-timeline","duration":3.968,"src":"/audio/pl/rila-monastery/a2-timeline.6d8997bc.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.monastery.about"},{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"},{"id":"src.rila.yancheva"}]},{"id":"rila-monastery.s6-what-continued","number":8,"kind":"narrative","title":"Co pozostaje żywe","body":"Ciągłość nie oznacza tu, że przetrwał każdy mur. Nasz wniosek jest bardziej konkretny: ludzie przekazywali życie monastyczne, księgi i umiejętności, nawet gdy odbudowywali budynki. Wieża jest średniowieczna, a główna cerkiew pochodzi z XIX wieku.\n\nW muzeum monasteru przechowywane są rękopisy, starodruki i ryciny. Inne malowidło z wybranych zdjęć przedstawia opowieść o Iwanie Rylskim: święty spoczywa na marach pośród zgromadzonych postaci. Obraz jest częścią pamięci o nim, a nie zdjęciem dokumentującym wydarzenie.\n\nW 1983 r. monaster wpisano na Listę światowego dziedzictwa według kryterium vi. UNESCO interpretuje go jako symbol bułgarskiego odrodzenia narodowego. To uznanie nie czyni wszystkich budynków średniowiecznymi. Ich historia tkwi właśnie w różnicach.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-courtyard-480.a82c3fe7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-courtyard-960.a82c3fe7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-rila-courtyard-1600.a82c3fe7.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#858385","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-rila-courtyard-960.a82c3fe7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-rila-courtyard-960.a82c3fe7.webp","id":"asset.rila.courtyard","alt":"Kondygnacje z arkadami i drewnianymi galeriami, zwrócone ku kamiennemu dziedzińcowi.","objectCaption":"Kondygnacje z arkadami i drewnianymi galeriami, zwrócone ku kamiennemu dziedzińcowi.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Daniel Dimitrov · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Daniel Dimitrov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Residential wings today. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Daniel Dimitrov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Residential wings today. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rila_Monastery_yard.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":50.947916666666664,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.rila-monastery.rila-monastery.s6-what-continued","duration":51.072,"src":"/audio/pl/rila-monastery/s6-what-continued.68d3c354.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.unesco"},{"id":"src.rila.monastery.museum"},{"id":"src.rila.monastery.about"},{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.courtyard"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.burial"},{"id":"src.rila.photo.arcades"}]},{"id":"rila-monastery.a3-matching","number":9,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: połącz","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.rila.matching","kind":"matching","prompt":"Połącz każde świadectwo z jego opisem w opowieści.","sourceIds":["src.rila.monastery.tower","src.rila.iliev2000","src.rila.corpus2018"],"items":[{"id":"m-tower","label":"Wieża Chrela","pairedLabel":"Wieża obronna z kaplicą na szczycie"},{"id":"m-testament","label":"Testament przypisywany Iwanowi","pairedLabel":"Wskazówki dotyczące wspólnego życia zakonnego"},{"id":"m-firman","label":"Fermany z 1498 i 1519 r.","pairedLabel":"Potwierdzenie posiadłości monasteru"},{"id":"m-zograf","label":"Praca Zacharija w naosie","pairedLabel":"Malowidła bułgarskiego odrodzenia narodowego"}],"explanation":"Wieża łączy obronę z modlitwą. Testament poucza mnichów; fermany regulują sprawę posiadłości; Zacharij pracuje nad malowidłami w naosie.","sources":[{"id":"src.rila.monastery.tower"},{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"},{"id":"src.rila.corpus2018"}],"columns":["Element","Opis"]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.823,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.rila-monastery.rila-monastery.a3-matching","duration":3.925,"src":"/audio/pl/rila-monastery/a3-matching.109a5c4b.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.rila.monastery.tower"},{"id":"src.rila.iliev2000"},{"id":"src.rila.corpus2018"}]}],"minutes":6,"sources":[{"year":2018,"url":"https://www.uni-vt.bg/userinfo/748/pub/21998/40kapinovski.pdf","institutionOrAuthor":"Александър Куюмджиев; Емануел Мутафов; Иван Ванев; Иванка Гергова; Елена Попова; Елена Генова; Маргарита Куюмджиева; Майя Захариева; Мариела Стойкова; Мина Христемова; Светла Москова; Христо Андреев; Николай Клисаров; Катерина Дюлгерова; Невена Джуркова; Юлия Върбанова","id":"src.rila.corpus2018","title":"Корпус на стенописите от първата половина на ХІХ век в България. 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Rila: Testament of John of Rila","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","authors":["Ilija Iliev (translation and introduction)","John Thomas and Angela Constantinides Hero (editors), with Giles Constable"],"container":"Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents: A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders’ Typika and Testaments. Dumbarton Oaks Studies 35. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection","volume":"1","pages":"125–134","accessed":"2026-10-28"},{"year":null,"url":"https://rilskimanastir.org/en/st-john-of-rila/zhitie-na-sv-ioan-rilski/","institutionOrAuthor":"Rila Monastery (online presentation); compiler, translator and precise textual recension not credited","id":"src.rila.life.hagiography","title":"The Life of st. 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