{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.unification-1885","hasFind":true,"slug":"unification-1885","url":"/pl/stories/unification-1885/","topic":"Zjednoczenie Bułgarii 1885","title":"Jedna noc w Płowdiwie","summary":"Powóz, dwa dokumenty i alegoria prowadzą śladem zjednoczenia od Płowdiwu przez Sliwnicę po porozumienie dyplomatyczne.","cover":{"title":"Jedna noc w Płowdiwie","subtitle":"Zjednoczenie, 1885 r.","hook":"Dlaczego po zjednoczeniu wybuchła wojna?","summary":"Powóz, dwa dokumenty i alegoria prowadzą śladem zjednoczenia od Płowdiwu przez Sliwnicę po porozumienie dyplomatyczne.","takeaway":"Zjednoczenie ogłoszono w Płowdiwie, obroniono w wojnie, a później uregulowano dyplomatycznie. Akt z Tophane z 1886 r. powierzył zarząd Rumelii Wschodniej księciu bułgarskiemu. Był to kompromis zachowujący prawa osmańskie, a nie ogłoszenie pełnej niepodległości."},"sortYear":1885,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Odrodzenie i wyzwolenie","dateLabel":"XVIII–XIX wiek","eraShort":"Odrodzenie","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Płowdiw","date":"1885","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-480.72f51cff.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-960.72f51cff.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-1029.72f51cff.avif","w":1029}],"dominant":"#705744","h":2400,"w":1029,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-960.72f51cff.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-960.72f51cff.webp","id":"asset.unif.alexander-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Portret Aleksandra I autorstwa Konrad Dielitz, 1881 r., olej na płótnie.","objectCaption":"Portret Aleksandra I","caption":"","kindLabel":"Rysunek","kind":"artwork","visibleKind":"Rysunek","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Konrad Dielitz · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Portrait of Alexander I, Konrad Dielitz, 1881. Painted portrait, oil on canvas. Konrad Dielitz / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cut-out detail; background removed. Painted portrait — oil on canvas","attributionParts":[{"text":"Portrait of Alexander I, Konrad Dielitz, 1881. Painted portrait, oil on canvas. Konrad Dielitz / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cut-out detail; background removed. Painted portrait — oil on canvas","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Alexander_I_von_Battenberg.png","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"unification-1885.s1-carriage","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Powóz gubernatora","body":"Płowdiw, noc z 5 na 6 września 1885 r. Żołnierze i oddziały zbrojne otaczają rezydencję gubernatora generalnego Gawriła Krystewicza. Wojskiem dowodzi major Danaił Nikołajew; wśród powstańców są ludzie Czardafona z Gołiamo Konare. Krystewicz zostaje obalony. Historyk Ilija Todew opisuje, jak następnie obwożono go powozem po mieście, zanim zabrano go do Gołiamo Konare.\n\nObalenie gubernatora odbywa się bez walki, ale określenie „bezkrwawe” ma swoje granice: w tych samych wydarzeniach giną ludzie, w tym Rajczo Nikołow w Płowdiwie. Ogłoszono zjednoczenie. Dlaczego zatem już dwa miesiące później zaczyna się wojna?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-480.9bfcd353.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-960.9bfcd353.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-1600.9bfcd353.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#969696","h":1116,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-960.9bfcd353.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-960.9bfcd353.webp","id":"asset.unif.press687","alt":"Płowdiw w „Живописное обозрение”, 1885 r. Ilustracja prasowa z epoki, nie fotografia wydarzenia.","objectCaption":"Płowdiw w „Живописное обозрение”, 1885 r. Ilustracja prasowa z epoki, nie fotografia wydarzenia.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Konkretny ilustrator nieustalony; Живописное обозрение стран света; digitalizacja: Rosyjska Biblioteka Narodowa / kmv20120 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Plovdiv in Zhivopisnoye Obozreniye, 1885. Period press illustration, not an event photograph. Individual illustrator not established; Живописное обозрение стран света; digitisation: Russian National Library / kmv20120 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Plovdiv in Zhivopisnoye Obozreniye, 1885. Period press illustration, not an event photograph. Individual illustrator not established; Живописное обозрение стран света; digitisation: Russian National Library / kmv20120 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. 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Ustanowił on Księstwo Bułgarii jako autonomiczne księstwo pod zwierzchnictwem sułtana. Rumelia Wschodnia pozostała pod jego bezpośrednią władzą polityczną i wojskową, lecz otrzymała autonomię administracyjną. Zarządzał nią chrześcijański gubernator generalny.\n\nPłowdiw jest centrum wrześniowej akcji; Sofia jest stolicą Księstwa. Sliwnica leży na zachód od Sofii, na drodze, którą nadciągnie armia serbska. Zjednoczenie w praktyce usuwa podział między dwiema administracjami. 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tą nocą","body":"Za krótką akcją stoją miesiące pracy. W lutym 1885 r. w Płowdiwie powstaje tajny komitet, znany jako Bułgarski Tajny Centralny Komitet Rewolucyjny, w skrócie BTCKR. Jego przewodniczącym jest Zachari Stojanow. Jego gazeta „Borba” agituje na rzecz zjednoczenia. Komitet pozyskuje oficerów i przygotowuje wspólne działanie wojska i oddziałów zbrojnych.\n\nPortret Zachariego Stojanowa jest fotografią archiwalną. Portret grupowy odtworzono na karcie pamiątkowej z 1925 r., czterdzieści lat po zjednoczeniu. Po obaleniu Krystewicza na czele rządu tymczasowego staje dr Georgi Stranski.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-zahari-480.df34363a.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-zahari-898.df34363a.avif","w":898}],"dominant":"#979797","h":1245,"w":898,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-zahari-898.df34363a.webp","w":898}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-zahari-898.df34363a.webp","id":"asset.unif.zahari","alt":"Archiwalna fotografia portretowa Zachariego Stojanowa, sprzed 1889 r.","objectCaption":"Archiwalna fotografia portretowa Zachariego Stojanowa, sprzed 1889 r.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archiwum","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archiwum","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Dimitar Karastoyanov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Zahari Stoyanov, photograph before 1889. Archival photograph. Dimitar Karastoyanov / Wikimedia Commons. 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Uznaje on dokonane zjednoczenie i przyjmuje zarząd nad prowincją. Dokument obiecuje ochronę pokojowo nastawionym mieszkańcom bez względu na wyznanie i narodowość; sama obietnica nie dowodzi, jak ją realizowano.\n\nPorównaj go z proklamacją z Płowdiwu z 6 września. Ogłasza ona rząd tymczasowy, a manifest pokazuje kolejny krok: poparcie księcia. 9 września przybywa on do Płowdiwu. Akceptacja wewnątrz kraju nie oznacza jednak jeszcze porozumienia międzynarodowego.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-manifesto-480.17649871.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-manifesto-715.17649871.avif","w":715}],"dominant":"#d0b885","h":1044,"w":715,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-manifesto-715.17649871.webp","w":715}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-manifesto-715.17649871.webp","id":"asset.unif.manifesto","alt":"Manifest Aleksandra I, 8 września 1885 r. Obraz archiwalny.","objectCaption":"Manifest Aleksandra I, 8 września 1885 r. Obraz archiwalny.","caption":"","kind":"archive","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Nieznany autor · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons / Państwowa Agencja Archiwów Bułgarii","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Alexander I’s manifesto, 8 September 1885. Bulgarian Archives State Agency, fonds 1599K, inventory 1, archival unit 811, sheet 4 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Alexander I’s manifesto, 8 September 1885. Bulgarian Archives State Agency, fonds 1599K, inventory 1, archival unit 811, sheet 4 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. 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Painted portrait, oil on canvas. Konrad Dielitz / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image. Painted portrait — oil on canvas","attributionParts":[{"text":"Portrait of Alexander I, Konrad Dielitz, 1881. Painted portrait, oil on canvas. Konrad Dielitz / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image. Painted portrait — oil on canvas","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Alexander_I_von_Battenberg.png","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":42.89058333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.unification-1885.unification-1885.s4-manifesto","duration":43.008,"src":"/audio/pl/unification-1885/s4-manifesto.4705a658.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.unif.image.manifesto"},{"id":"src.unif.image.proclamation"},{"id":"src.unif.library"},{"id":"src.unif.preparation"}]},{"id":"unification-1885.a1-two-documents","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: dwa różne kroki","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.unif.documents","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Co pokazuje manifest z 8 września po proklamacji w Płowdiwie?","sourceIds":["src.unif.image.manifesto","src.unif.image.proclamation"],"items":[{"id":"opt-prince","label":"Książę uznaje zjednoczenie i przyjmuje zarząd."},{"id":"opt-serbia","label":"Serbia uznała już zjednoczenie.","whyWrong":"To dokument Aleksandra, a nie serbskie uznanie."},{"id":"opt-independence","label":"Bułgaria jest już w pełni niepodległa.","whyWrong":"Opowieść odróżnia zjednoczenie od pełnej niepodległości."},{"id":"opt-governor","label":"Krystewicz zachowuje władzę.","whyWrong":"Został obalony; książę przyjmuje zarząd nad prowincją."}],"explanation":"Proklamacja ogłasza rząd tymczasowy; manifest dokumentuje akceptację księcia dwa dni później.","correctItemId":"opt-prince","sources":[{"id":"src.unif.image.manifesto"},{"id":"src.unif.image.proclamation"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":4.554458333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.unification-1885.unification-1885.a1-two-documents","duration":4.651,"src":"/audio/pl/unification-1885/a1-two-documents.8d829f86.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.unif.image.manifesto"},{"id":"src.unif.image.proclamation"}]},{"id":"unification-1885.s5-slivnitsa","number":6,"kind":"narrative","title":"Atak nadchodzi z zachodu","body":"Po zjednoczeniu wojska bułgarskie koncentrują się na południu: oczekiwany jest atak osmański. Tymczasem 2 listopada 1885 r. Serbia wypowiada wojnę. Wśród przyczyn, którymi rząd serbski uzasadnia wojnę, jest naruszona jego zdaniem równowaga na Bałkanach po zjednoczeniu.\n\nWojska trzeba szybko przerzucić z południa na zachód, dużą część drogi pokonując pieszo. Pod Sliwnicą, przed Sofią, zatrzymują główne siły serbskie w walkach 5–7 listopada. Następuje bułgarska kontrofensywa. Daty podano tu według starego stylu: w nowym kalendarzu bitwa przypada na 17–19 listopada. Ilustracja z ówczesnej prasy jest rysunkiem o wojnie, a nie fotografią pola bitwy.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-480.6171a698.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-960.6171a698.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-1116.6171a698.avif","w":1116}],"dominant":"#a2a2a2","h":1600,"w":1116,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-960.6171a698.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-960.6171a698.webp","id":"asset.unif.press864","alt":"Ilustracje dotyczące wojny serbsko-bułgarskiej, 1885 r. Ilustracja prasowa z epoki, nie fotografia wydarzenia.","objectCaption":"Ilustracje dotyczące wojny serbsko-bułgarskiej, 1885 r. Ilustracja prasowa z epoki, nie fotografia wydarzenia.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Konkretny ilustrator nieustalony; Живописное обозрение стран света; digitalizacja: Rosyjska Biblioteka Narodowa / kmv20120 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Serbo-Bulgarian War illustrations, 1885. Period press illustration, not an event photograph. Individual illustrator not established; Живописное обозрение стран света; digitisation: Russian National Library / kmv20120 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Serbo-Bulgarian War illustrations, 1885. Period press illustration, not an event photograph. Individual illustrator not established; Живописное обозрение стран света; digitisation: Russian National Library / kmv20120 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_1885,_%E2%84%96_01-26_(6_%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2._-_30_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8F);_%E2%84%96_27-52_(7_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8F_-_29_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA.)_Page_864.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Sofia była stolicą Księstwa Bułgarii i celem serbskiej ofensywy w listopadzie 1885 roku.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.unif.sofia","name":"Sofia","latitude":42.697886,"longitude":23.321726,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":5000,"sourceIds":["src.unif.coords.sofia","src.r1943.coords-sofia","src.r1943.ragaru2017","src.tar.coord.sofia","src.tar.sofia","src.ata.coord.sofia","src.ata.sendov2013"],"short":"Sofia","guideUrl":null,"slug":"unif.sofia","url":"/pl/map/#unif.sofia"},{"note":"Pod Sliwnicą w listopadzie 1885 roku armia bułgarska powstrzymała serbską ofensywę po zjednoczeniu.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.unif.slivnitsa","name":"Sliwnica","latitude":42.851542,"longitude":23.038311,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":10000,"sourceIds":["src.unif.coords.slivnitsa"],"short":"Sliwnica","guideUrl":null,"slug":"unif.slivnitsa","url":"/pl/map/#unif.slivnitsa"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":45.96725,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.unification-1885.unification-1885.s5-slivnitsa","duration":46.08,"src":"/audio/pl/unification-1885/s5-slivnitsa.434cff04.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.unif.warmap"},{"id":"src.unif.war"},{"id":"src.unif.warbook"}]},{"id":"unification-1885.a2-timeline","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: ułóż wydarzenia w czasie","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.unif.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Ułóż wydarzenia od najwcześniejszego do najpóźniejszego.","sourceIds":["src.unif.berlin","src.unif.image.proclamation","src.unif.image.manifesto","src.unif.war"],"items":[{"id":"ev-berlin","label":"Traktat berliński"},{"id":"ev-plovdiv","label":"Ogłoszenie zjednoczenia w Płowdiwie"},{"id":"ev-manifesto","label":"Manifest księcia Aleksandra"},{"id":"ev-slivnitsa","label":"Walki pod Sliwnicą"}],"explanation":"Traktat ustanawia dwa ustroje w 1878 r. W 1885 r. akcja w Płowdiwie poprzedza manifest; walki toczą się w listopadzie. Wszystkie daty z 1885 r. podano tu według starego stylu.","correctOrderIds":["ev-berlin","ev-plovdiv","ev-manifesto","ev-slivnitsa"],"sources":[{"id":"src.unif.berlin"},{"id":"src.unif.image.proclamation"},{"id":"src.unif.image.manifesto"},{"id":"src.unif.war"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.84625,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.unification-1885.unification-1885.a2-timeline","duration":3.968,"src":"/audio/pl/unification-1885/a2-timeline.0ad0f1c5.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.unif.berlin"},{"id":"src.unif.image.proclamation"},{"id":"src.unif.image.manifesto"},{"id":"src.unif.war"}]},{"id":"unification-1885.s6-united-image","number":8,"kind":"artifact","title":"Dwie kobiety, jedna zmiana polityczna","body":"Zjednoczenie ogłoszono w Płowdiwie, obroniono w wojnie, a później uregulowano dyplomatycznie. Akt z Tophane z 1886 r. powierzył zarząd Rumelii Wschodniej księciu bułgarskiemu. Był to kompromis zachowujący prawa osmańskie, a nie ogłoszenie pełnej niepodległości.\n\nNa litografii Nikołaja Pawłowicza Księstwo i Rumelia Wschodnia przedstawione są jako kobiety. U góry znajduje się wstęga poświęcona zjednoczeniu, a inna wspomina Pirot i listopadowe walki. To alegoria, a nie scena zaobserwowana w noc przewrotu. Odczytujemy ją tak, że artysta łączy polityczne zjednoczenie i jego wojskową obronę w jednym obrazie. Porozumienie wyłącza jednak z prowincji określone muzułmańskie miejscowości w okolicach Kyrdżali i w Rodopach, oddając je pod bezpośredni zarząd osmański.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-lithograph-480.a742eb58.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-lithograph-774.a742eb58.avif","w":774}],"dominant":"#858585","h":1024,"w":774,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-lithograph-774.a742eb58.webp","w":774}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-lithograph-774.a742eb58.webp","id":"asset.unif.lithograph","alt":"Litografia z dwiema kobiecymi postaciami alegorycznymi i wstęgami odnoszącymi się do zjednoczenia i Pirotu.","objectCaption":"Litografia z dwiema kobiecymi postaciami alegorycznymi i wstęgami odnoszącymi się do zjednoczenia i Pirotu.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Rysunek","kind":"artwork","visibleKind":"Rysunek","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Николай Павлович (artysta) (1835-1894) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"United Bulgaria, an allegory by Nikolai Pavlovich. Lithograph, an artistic allegory. Николай Павлович (painter) (1835-1894) / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image. Lithograph — artistic allegory","attributionParts":[{"text":"United Bulgaria, an allegory by Nikolai Pavlovich. Lithograph, an artistic allegory. Николай Павлович (painter) (1835-1894) / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image. Lithograph — artistic allegory","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Syedinena_Bylgaria_-_Litografia_na_N.Pavlovich.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":49.82175,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.unification-1885.unification-1885.s6-united-image","duration":49.92,"src":"/audio/pl/unification-1885/s6-united-image.5fb3832b.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.unif.image.lithograph"},{"id":"src.unif.tophane"},{"id":"src.unif.settlement"}]},{"id":"unification-1885.a3-matching","number":9,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: połącz osoby i role","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.unif.roles","kind":"matching","prompt":"Połącz każdą osobę z jej rolą w opowieści.","sourceIds":["src.unif.committee","src.unif.preparation","src.unif.image.manifesto"],"items":[{"id":"m-zahari","label":"Zachari Stojanow","pairedLabel":"Przewodniczący tajnego komitetu"},{"id":"m-krastevich","label":"Gawrił Krystewicz","pairedLabel":"Obalony gubernator Rumelii Wschodniej"},{"id":"m-alexander","label":"Aleksander I","pairedLabel":"Książę, który uznaje zjednoczenie"}],"explanation":"Stojanow kieruje komitetem; Krystewicz zostaje obalony w Płowdiwie; Aleksander przyjmuje zarząd i wydaje manifest.","sources":[{"id":"src.unif.committee"},{"id":"src.unif.preparation"},{"id":"src.unif.image.manifesto"}],"columns":["Osoba","Rola"]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.660458333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.unification-1885.unification-1885.a3-matching","duration":3.755,"src":"/audio/pl/unification-1885/a3-matching.0d15b75c.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.unif.committee"},{"id":"src.unif.preparation"},{"id":"src.unif.image.manifesto"}]}],"minutes":5,"sources":[{"year":1878,"url":"https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1878/d523","institutionOrAuthor":"Treaty plenipotentiaries; Horace Maynard (transmitting diplomat); U.S. Department of State (digital edition)","id":"src.unif.berlin","authors":["Treaty plenipotentiaries","Horace Maynard (transmitting diplomat)","U.S. Department of State (digital edition)"],"title":"The Treaty of Berlin","container":"Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, document 518","doi":"not assigned / not found","accessedOn":"2026-10-28","accessed":"2026-10-28","license":"Public-domain treaty text; 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