{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.valchitran-treasure","hasFind":true,"slug":"valchitran-treasure","url":"/pl/stories/valchitran-treasure/","topic":"Skarb z Wyłczitrynu","title":"Złoto z winnicy","summary":"Dwaj bracia przekopują winnicę koło Plewenu i znajdują złote przedmioty. Przyjrzyj się misie, potrójnemu naczyniu i dyskom. Odróżnij ślady wykonania od przypuszczeń o zastosowaniu.","cover":{"title":"Złoto z winnicy","subtitle":"Naczynia z Wyłczitrynu i ich możliwe zastosowania","hook":"Do czego służą te złote naczynia?","summary":"Dwaj bracia przekopują winnicę koło Plewenu i znajdują złote przedmioty. Przyjrzyj się misie, potrójnemu naczyniu i dyskom. Odróżnij ślady wykonania od przypuszczeń o zastosowaniu.","takeaway":"Kształt i metal można zbadać. Dokładne zastosowanie i właściciel pozostają nieustalone."},"sortYear":-1300,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.bronze","styleId":"bronze","sortOrder":7,"title":"Epoka brązu","dateLabel":"IV–II tysiąclecie p.n.e. · w przybliżeniu","eraShort":"Epoka brązu","slug":"bronze","fill":"#7A5E4C","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#6A5242","dark":"#705E51"},"epochId":"epoch.bronze","placeShort":"Region Plewen","date":"XIV–XIII w. p.n.e.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-bowl-cutout-480.3fc7614e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-bowl-cutout-781.3fc7614e.avif","w":781}],"dominant":"#a17a4a","h":458,"w":781,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-bowl-cutout-781.3fc7614e.webp","w":781}],"src":"/media/asset-valch-bowl-cutout-781.3fc7614e.webp","id":"asset.valch.bowl-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Duża misa z dwoma uchwytami. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","objectCaption":"Złota misa","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vulchitrun_bowl.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"valchitran-treasure.s1-vineyard","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Łopaty w winnicy","body":"W latach 20. XX wieku dwaj bracia Cwetanowowie przekopują winnicę koło Wyłczitrynu w okolicach Plewenu. Wydobywają z ziemi metalowe naczynia i dyski. Znaleźli złote przedmioty o łącznej wadze ponad dwunastu kilogramów.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-480.0fc8caf3.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-960.0fc8caf3.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-1600.0fc8caf3.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-2400.0fc8caf3.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#695d50","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-960.0fc8caf3.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-960.0fc8caf3.webp","id":"asset.valch.overview","alt":"Skarb z Wyłczytrynu w gablocie muzealnej. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","objectCaption":"Skarb z Wyłczytrynu w gablocie muzealnej. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Јакша · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Јакша, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Јакша, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valchitran_Treasure.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":15.293666666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.valchitran-treasure.valchitran-treasure.s1-vineyard","duration":15.403,"src":"/audio/pl/valchitran-treasure/s1-vineyard.12cc161a.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.valch.naim2012"},{"id":"src.valch.naim2022"},{"id":"src.valch.nim2022"},{"id":"src.valch.mehofer2024"}]},{"id":"valchitran-treasure.s2-thirteen","number":2,"kind":"narrative","title":"Trzynaście przedmiotów","body":"Najpierw spójrz na cały zestaw. Jest tu duża misa z dwoma uchwytami. Obok niej stoją cztery czary: jedna duża i trzy małe. Dodaj siedem okrągłych dysków i jedno potrójne naczynie. Razem jest trzynaście przedmiotów. Trzy miseczki potrójnego naczynia liczą się jako całość.\n\nTe przedmioty mają ponad trzy tysiące lat.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-set-480.bd92d2ec.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-set-800.bd92d2ec.avif","w":800}],"dominant":"#878069","h":1086,"w":800,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-set-800.bd92d2ec.webp","w":800}],"src":"/media/asset-valch-set-800.bd92d2ec.webp","id":"asset.valch.set","alt":"Naczynia i dyski z Wyłczytrynu. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","objectCaption":"Naczynia i dyski z Wyłczytrynu. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vulchitrun_Treasure_all.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":20.402083333333334,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.valchitran-treasure.valchitran-treasure.s2-thirteen","duration":20.523,"src":"/audio/pl/valchitran-treasure/s2-thirteen.f224937f.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.valch.nim2022"},{"id":"src.valch.bnr2022"},{"id":"src.valch.naim2012"},{"id":"src.valch.mehofer2024"}]},{"id":"valchitran-treasure.s3-bowl","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Misa z dwoma uchwytami","body":"Przyjrzyj się dwóm wysokim uchwytom. Dzięki nim łatwo rozpoznać dużą misę wśród pozostałych naczyń. Na jej powierzchni badacze szukają śladów narzędzi użytych przez rzemieślnika.\n\nBadanie wskazuje, że misę odlano, a następnie uformowano uderzeniami. Podczas odlewania płynny metal przyjmuje kształt formy. Podczas kucia młotek zmienia kształt już twardego metalu. Ślady ujawniają sposób wykonania misy. Nie pokazują, kto i do czego jej używał.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-bowl-480.5df7e02f.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-bowl-800.5df7e02f.avif","w":800}],"dominant":"#665d41","h":608,"w":800,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-bowl-800.5df7e02f.webp","w":800}],"src":"/media/asset-valch-bowl-800.5df7e02f.webp","id":"asset.valch.bowl","alt":"Duża misa z dwoma uchwytami. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","objectCaption":"Złota misa","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vulchitrun_bowl.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-bowl-handles","x":0.12,"y":0.261118,"title":"Dwa uchwyty","body":"Duża misa ma dwa wysokie uchwyty.","sourceIds":["src.valch.nim2022"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-bowl-body","x":0.48,"y":0.580263,"title":"Misa","body":"W badaniu stwierdzono ślady odlewania i kucia.","sourceIds":["src.valch.mehofer2024"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":29.063125,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.valchitran-treasure.valchitran-treasure.s3-bowl","duration":29.184,"src":"/audio/pl/valchitran-treasure/s3-bowl.52308237.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.valch.nim2022"},{"id":"src.valch.mehofer2024"}]},{"id":"valchitran-treasure.a1-bowl","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: rozpoznaj misę","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.valch.bowl","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Po czym rozpoznajemy dużą misę w tym zestawie?","sourceIds":["src.valch.nim2022","src.valch.mehofer2024"],"items":[{"id":"opt-handles","label":"Po dwóch wysokich uchwytach."},{"id":"opt-leaves","label":"Po trzech miseczkach w kształcie liści.","whyWrong":"Należą one do potrójnego naczynia."},{"id":"opt-disc","label":"Po okrągłym dysku bez głębokiej misy.","whyWrong":"To opis dysków."}],"explanation":"Dużą misę rozpoznajemy po dwóch wysokich uchwytach.","correctItemId":"opt-handles","sources":[{"id":"src.valch.nim2022"},{"id":"src.valch.mehofer2024"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.5908333333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.valchitran-treasure.valchitran-treasure.a1-bowl","duration":3.712,"src":"/audio/pl/valchitran-treasure/a1-bowl.44d1bb9e.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.valch.nim2022"},{"id":"src.valch.mehofer2024"}]},{"id":"valchitran-treasure.s4-triple","number":5,"kind":"artifact","title":"Trzy miseczki, jedno naczynie","body":"Teraz spójrz na trzy miseczki w kształcie liści. Łączą je puste w środku rurki. Część konstrukcji wykonano z elektrum: stopu, czyli mieszaniny metali, w tym przypadku złota i srebra.\n\nMożliwe, że w naczyniu mieszano płyny. Jego kształt podsuwa takie wyjaśnienie, ale go nie dowodzi.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-triple-480.fc6a5dab.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-triple-800.fc6a5dab.avif","w":800}],"dominant":"#675b53","h":620,"w":800,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-triple-800.fc6a5dab.webp","w":800}],"src":"/media/asset-valch-triple-800.fc6a5dab.webp","id":"asset.valch.triple","alt":"Potrójne naczynie z miseczkami w kształcie liści. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","objectCaption":"Potrójne naczynie z miseczkami w kształcie liści. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valchitran-three_leaf-shaped_interconnected_vessels.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-triple-bowls","x":0.5,"y":0.416129,"title":"Trzy miseczki","body":"Miseczki przypominają liście. Mieszanie w nich płynów to przypuszczenie.","sourceIds":["src.valch.bnr2022","src.valch.mehofer2024"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-triple-handle","x":0.28,"y":0.880645,"title":"Uchwyt","body":"Uchwyt tworzą trzy części. Tylko środkowa jest pusta w środku.","sourceIds":["src.valch.mehofer2024"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-triple-lines","x":0.26,"y":0.290323,"title":"Wypukłe linie","body":"Linie mogły służyć do odmierzania. To jedna z interpretacji.","sourceIds":["src.valch.mehofer2024"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":18.683791666666668,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.valchitran-treasure.valchitran-treasure.s4-triple","duration":18.773,"src":"/audio/pl/valchitran-treasure/s4-triple.4adce4b1.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.valch.mehofer2024"},{"id":"src.valch.bnr2022"}]},{"id":"valchitran-treasure.a2-timeline","number":6,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: ułóż w kolejności chronologicznej","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.valch.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Ułóż wydarzenia opisane w opowieści, zaczynając od najwcześniejszego.","sourceIds":["src.valch.naim2012","src.valch.nim2022","src.valch.bnr2022"],"items":[{"id":"ev-making","label":"Wykonanie złotych przedmiotów"},{"id":"ev-finding","label":"Odnalezienie w winnicy"},{"id":"ev-museum","label":"Przeniesienie do muzeum w Sofii"}],"explanation":"Najpierw wykonano przedmioty. Znacznie później znaleziono je w winnicy. Po odkryciu zabrano je do muzeum.","correctOrderIds":["ev-making","ev-finding","ev-museum"],"sources":[{"id":"src.valch.naim2012"},{"id":"src.valch.nim2022"},{"id":"src.valch.bnr2022"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":5.181375,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.valchitran-treasure.valchitran-treasure.a2-timeline","duration":5.291,"src":"/audio/pl/valchitran-treasure/a2-timeline.d8c05922.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.valch.naim2012"},{"id":"src.valch.nim2022"},{"id":"src.valch.bnr2022"}]},{"id":"valchitran-treasure.s5-discs","number":7,"kind":"artifact","title":"Pokrywa czy instrument?","body":"Dysków jest siedem: dwa duże i pięć małych. Ze względu na kształt nazywa się je pokrywami. Starsza interpretacja uznaje je za cymbały: metalowe instrumenty muzyczne, w które się uderza. W dużych dyskach badanie opisuje srebrne wkładki, czyli kawałki srebra umocowane w złocie. Zastosowanie dysków pozostaje sporne.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-lid-480.6f64ef19.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-lid-800.6f64ef19.avif","w":800}],"dominant":"#5d563e","h":620,"w":800,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-lid-800.6f64ef19.webp","w":800}],"src":"/media/asset-valch-lid-800.6f64ef19.webp","id":"asset.valch.lid","alt":"Złoty dysk bez uchwytu, z odłamanym brzegiem. Zdjęcie nie pokazuje, kiedy je utracono.","objectCaption":"Złoty dysk bez uchwytu, z odłamanym brzegiem. Zdjęcie nie pokazuje, kiedy je utracono.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Николай Генов / Nikolay Genov, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valchitran_Round_domed_piece.1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-480.0fc8caf3.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-960.0fc8caf3.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-1600.0fc8caf3.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-2400.0fc8caf3.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#695d50","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-960.0fc8caf3.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-valch-overview-960.0fc8caf3.webp","id":"asset.valch.overview","alt":"Skarb z Wyłczytrynu w gablocie muzealnej. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","objectCaption":"Skarb z Wyłczytrynu w gablocie muzealnej. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Јакша · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Јакша, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Јакша, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valchitran_Treasure.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-exhibition-480.1b028027.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-exhibition-960.1b028027.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-valch-exhibition-1500.1b028027.avif","w":1500}],"dominant":"#4c4032","h":844,"w":1500,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-valch-exhibition-960.1b028027.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-valch-exhibition-960.1b028027.webp","id":"asset.valch.exhibition","alt":"Przedmioty z Wyłczytrynu w gablocie wystawowej. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","objectCaption":"Przedmioty z Wyłczytrynu w gablocie wystawowej. Zdjęcie przedmiotów, nie chwili odkrycia.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Daznaempoveche · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Daznaempoveche, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Daznaempoveche, Wikimedia Commons, Public domain. Photograph of objects, not the discovery. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valchitran-treasure.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valchitran-treasure.jpg#Licensing"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-lid-disc","x":0.51,"y":0.629032,"title":"Dysk","body":"To jeden z siedmiu dysków. Nazwa „pokrywa” odnosi się do proponowanego zastosowania.","sourceIds":["src.valch.nim2022","src.valch.naim2012"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-lid-missing","x":0.52,"y":0.280645,"title":"Brakująca część","body":"Brakuje uchwytu i części dysku. 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