{"version":2,"locale":"pl","id":"story.vazov-under-the-yoke","hasFind":true,"slug":"vazov-under-the-yoke","url":"/pl/stories/vazov-under-the-yoke/","topic":"Iwan Wazow","title":"Dlaczego Wazow pisze „Pod jarzmem” z dala od domu?","summary":"Wazow rozpoczyna „Pod jarzmem” w Odessie. Rodzinna kolacja i egzamin w szkole wprowadzają nas do Białej Cerkwi przed powstaniem. Później powieść pomaga w odbudowie jego rodzinnego domu.","cover":{"title":"Dlaczego Wazow pisze „Pod jarzmem” z dala od domu?","subtitle":"Wazow pisze w Odessie i wspomina Sopot","hook":"Dlaczego Wazow rozpoczyna „Pod jarzmem” w Odessie?","summary":"Wazow rozpoczyna „Pod jarzmem” w Odessie. Rodzinna kolacja i egzamin w szkole wprowadzają nas do Białej Cerkwi przed powstaniem. Później powieść pomaga w odbudowie jego rodzinnego domu.","takeaway":"Możemy porównać powieść i odbudowany dom: oba korzystają ze wspomnień."},"sortYear":1894,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Odrodzenie i wyzwolenie","dateLabel":"XVIII–XIX wiek","eraShort":"Odrodzenie","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Sopot i Odessa","date":"1887–1894","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-480.5007b5ff.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-1600.5007b5ff.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#6a5a49","h":2180,"w":1672,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-cutout-960.5007b5ff.webp","id":"asset.vaz.portrait-cutout","alt":"Wycięty detal; tło usunięte. Iwan Wazow. Portret archiwalny, data nieznana.","objectCaption":"Pod jarzmem","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archiwum","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archiwum","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Nieznany autor · Public domain · Państwowa Agencja Archiwów Bułgarii / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Cut-out detail; background removed. Archival photograph","attributionParts":[{"text":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. Crop supplied by Commons; unchanged here. Cut-out detail; background removed. Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-937K-1-410-7-Ivan_Vazov_(cropped).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s1-far-from-home","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Wazow pisze z dala od domu","body":"W Odessie Iwan Wazow zaczyna powieść o ludziach w ojczyźnie. Jest rok 1887. To emigrant polityczny: opuścił Bułgarię z powodu prześladowań ludzi o jego poglądach. Wazow popiera bliskie stosunki z Rosją. W Bułgarii toczy się wtedy o nie ostry spór.\n\nPóźniej pisarz opowiada, jak ciężko mu bez ojczyzny. Pisząc, wraca myślami do podwórek i ludzi z Sopotu. Tak sam opisuje swoje natchnienie. To jego wspomnienie, zapisane lata po zakończeniu pracy.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-480.0fedac15.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-1115.0fedac15.avif","w":1115}],"dominant":"#4a4538","h":1600,"w":1115,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-portrait-960.0fedac15.webp","id":"asset.vaz.portrait","alt":"Iwan Wazow. Portret archiwalny, data nieznana.","objectCaption":"Pod jarzmem","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archiwum","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archiwum","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Nieznany autor · Public domain · Państwowa Agencja Archiwów Bułgarii / Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Bulgarian Archives State Agency / Wikimedia Commons. BASA 937K-1-410-7. Public domain. 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Archival photograph","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BASA-937K-1-410-7-Ivan_Vazov_(cropped).JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":31.698583333333332,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s1-far-from-home","duration":31.787,"src":"/audio/pl/vazov-under-the-yoke/s1-far-from-home.1f3a3827.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.todorov1990"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s2-three-cities","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Sopot, Odessa i Londyn","body":"Na mapie są trzy miasta. Sopot to rodzinne miasto Wazowa. Odessa jest miastem wygnania, w którym zaczyna powieść. Londyn będzie miastem wczesnego wydania angielskiego. Punkty wskazują przybliżone położenie miast, a nie adresy pokoi czy drukarni.\n\nW książce główne miasteczko nazywa się Biała Cerkiew. Tworząc je, Wazow korzysta ze wspomnień o Sopocie. To świat literacki, a nie dokładny plan prawdziwego miasta.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Rodzinne miasto Wazowa i miejsce, gdzie znajduje się odbudowany dom muzeum.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vaz.sopot","name":"Sopot","latitude":42.653911,"longitude":24.755016,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2500,"sourceIds":["src.vaz.coord.sopot"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vaz.sopot","url":"/pl/map/#vaz.sopot"},{"note":"Wasił Apriłow mieszkał w Odessie i wspierał bułgarskie inicjatywy oświatowe, w tym szkołę w Gabrowie.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.gabrovo.odesa","name":"Odessa","latitude":46.4843023,"longitude":30.7322878,"accuracy":"approximate","sourceIds":["src.gabrovo.bas-enc-odesa","src.gabrovo.gotovska-2024","src.gabrovo.osm","src.vaz.coord.odesa"],"radiusMeters":5000,"short":"Odessa","guideUrl":null,"slug":"gabrovo.odesa","url":"/pl/map/#gabrovo.odesa"},{"note":"Miasto wydania wczesnego angielskiego 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Marka","body":"Pierwsza scena powieści przedstawia rodzinną kolację na podwórku Marka. „Czorbadżi” to dawne określenie zamożnego człowieka. Na rysunku Josefa Oberbauera widzimy zgromadzonych ludzi, niski stół i latarnię. To ilustracja z 1894 r., a nie zdjęcie prawdziwej kolacji.\n\nZ tej codzienności powieść prowadzi nas ku przygotowaniom do powstania kwietniowego. Był to bunt przeciw władzy osmańskiej w 1876 r. Imperium Osmańskie było państwem, które wówczas władało tymi ziemiami. Historyczne powstanie zostało stłumione.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-480.66dca97e.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-1600.66dca97e.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#afb4b3","h":1488,"w":2119,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-marko-960.66dca97e.webp","id":"asset.vaz.marko","alt":"Josef Oberbauer: Marko i jego rodzina, 1894 r. Ilustracja, nie fotografia wydarzenia.","objectCaption":"Josef Oberbauer: Marko i jego rodzina, 1894 r. Ilustracja, nie fotografia wydarzenia.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Rysunek","kind":"artwork","visibleKind":"Rysunek","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер) · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер); Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Illustration","attributionParts":[{"text":"Joseph Oberbauer (Йозеф Обербауер); Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. Illustration","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-vaz-lantern","x":0.515,"y":0.443,"title":"Latarnia","body":"Latarnia jest narysowana nad stołem. To szczegół ilustracji, nie przedmiot zachowany z kolacji.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-table","x":0.515,"y":0.764,"title":"Niski stół","body":"Stół gromadzi rodzinę. Powieść zaczyna się od kolacji Marka na dziedzińcu.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.novel","src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-vaz-signature","x":0.782,"y":0.98,"title":"Podpis i rok","body":"W prawym dolnym rogu widnieją podpis Oberbauera i rok 1894. Artysta przedstawia scenę z powieści.","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":35.19316666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s3-supper","duration":35.285,"src":"/audio/pl/vazov-under-the-yoke/s3-supper.0d762d99.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.cas2007"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s4-radas-classroom","number":4,"kind":"narrative","title":"Kto pomaga przestraszonym dzieciom?","body":"W rozdziale „Niepokoje Rady” nauczycielka Rada prowadzi swoje uczennice na roczny egzamin przed publicznością. Stefczow zadaje pytania, które je dezorientują. Ognianow jest bohaterem powieści. Wkracza i pyta w bardziej zrozumiały sposób. Dzieci potrafią odpowiedzieć.\n\nMożemy odczytać tę scenę tak: wsparcie pomaga dzieciom pokonać strach.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-480.cf9b0f28.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-1600.cf9b0f28.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#4e483d","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-house02-960.cf9b0f28.webp","id":"asset.vaz.house02","alt":"Muzealna aranżacja z tkaninami i naczyniami. Nie ustalono, by były to osobiste rzeczy pisarza. To nie klasa Rady.","objectCaption":"Muzealna aranżacja z tkaninami i naczyniami. Nie ustalono, by były to osobiste rzeczy pisarza. To nie klasa Rady.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"vislupus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"vislupus; Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. File unchanged. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House-Museum_of_Ivan_Vazov_02.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":20.878083333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.s4-radas-classroom","duration":20.992,"src":"/audio/pl/vazov-under-the-yoke/s4-radas-classroom.bde44610.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.novel"},{"id":"src.vaz.mon2023"},{"id":"src.vaz.nbu2020"},{"id":"src.vaz.media.house02"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.a1-picture","number":5,"kind":"activity","title":"Zadanie: czego dowodzi rysunek?","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.vaz.picture","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Czym jest obraz rodzinnej kolacji?","sourceIds":["src.vaz.media.marko","src.vaz.novel"],"items":[{"id":"opt-illustration","label":"Ilustracją do powieści."},{"id":"opt-photo","label":"Zdjęciem prawdziwej kolacji Marka.","whyWrong":"Rysunek jest ilustracją artystyczną, a nie fotografią."},{"id":"opt-school","label":"Zdjęciem egzaminu Rady.","whyWrong":"Widać rodzinę i stół, a nie egzamin szkolny; obraz jest rysunkiem."}],"explanation":"Oberbauer rysuje scenę literacką. Podpis i rok znajdują się na ilustracji.","correctItemId":"opt-illustration","sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.novel"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.720083333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"pl_PL-gosia-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.pl.vazov-under-the-yoke.vazov-under-the-yoke.a1-picture","duration":2.816,"src":"/audio/pl/vazov-under-the-yoke/a1-picture.636a6b52.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vaz.media.marko"},{"id":"src.vaz.novel"}]},{"id":"vazov-under-the-yoke.s5-book-crosses-languages","number":6,"kind":"artifact","title":"Książka z dwiema różnymi datami","body":"Powieść ukazuje się w odcinkach w latach 1889–1890. Wazow nadal ją kończy po powrocie do Bułgarii. Z powodu bólu oczu dyktuje dalszą część bratu Borisowi. W 1894 r. Czipew wydaje osobną bułgarską książkę.\n\nAngielska książka ukazuje się w Londynie już pod koniec 1893 r., ale nosi datę 1894. Przekłady docierają z opowieścią do osób, które nie czytają po bułgarsku.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-480.741ea8ed.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-1397.741ea8ed.avif","w":1397}],"dominant":"#f4f4f4","h":2111,"w":1397,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vaz-title-960.741ea8ed.webp","id":"asset.vaz.title","alt":"Strona tytułowa „Pod jarzmem”, Sofia, 1894 r.","objectCaption":"Strona tytułowa „Pod jarzmem”, Sofia, 1894 r.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Archiwum","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Archiwum","creditLabels":{"title":"Ilustracje","source":"Otwórz źródło","full":"Pełne informacje o autorstwie"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Nieznany autor · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Unknown author; Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. File unchanged. Processed image. 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