{"version":2,"locale":"ru","id":"story.serdica-roman-sofia","hasFind":true,"slug":"serdica-roman-sofia","url":"/ru/stories/serdica-roman-sofia/","topic":"Сердика","title":"Улица под метро","summary":"Сохранившиеся улицы и кирпичные опоры показывают римские способы строительства и отопления. Императорский указ и позднее предание сообщают разное о правителях.","cover":{"title":"Улица под метро","subtitle":"Сердика, римская София","hook":"Почему рядом с метро находится римская улица?","summary":"Сохранившиеся улицы и кирпичные опоры показывают римские способы строительства и отопления. Императорский указ и позднее предание сообщают разное о правителях.","takeaway":"Каменная дорога, старый текст и позднее предание — разные следы. Каждый говорит нам о чём-то, но не обо всём."},"sortYear":311,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.antiquity","styleId":"antiquity","sortOrder":6,"title":"Античность: фракийцы, греки, римляне","dateLabel":"I тыс. до н. э. – VI век","eraShort":"Античность","slug":"antiquity","fill":"#D4CBBE","ink":"#221616","raised":"#DAD3C8","dark":"#6B6862"},"epochId":"epoch.antiquity","placeShort":"София","date":"I–IV вв.","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-cutout-480.6c3193f1.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-cutout-960.6c3193f1.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-cutout-1223.6c3193f1.avif","w":1223}],"dominant":"#69543f","h":2180,"w":1223,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-cutout-960.6c3193f1.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-cutout-960.6c3193f1.webp","id":"asset.serd.constantine-head-cutout","alt":"Вырезанный фрагмент с удалённым фоном. Бронзовая голова, представленная как изображение Константина, MC1072, Капитолийские музеи в Риме. Неизвестно, была ли она найдена в Сердике. Шея добавлена позже.","objectCaption":"Бронзовая голова","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Jastrow (фотография, 2006); античный скульптор неизвестен · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Jastrow (2006). Ancient sculptor Unknown. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Bronze head presented as Constantine, MC1072, Capitoline Museums, Rome. It is not known as a find from Serdica. The neck is a later addition. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Jastrow (2006). Ancient sculptor Unknown. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Bronze head presented as Constantine, MC1072, Capitoline Museums, Rome. It is not known as a find from Serdica. The neck is a later addition. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Head_Constantine_Musei_Capitolini_MC1072.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-user"},"scenes":[{"id":"serdica-roman-sofia.s1-under-the-metro","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Под ногами пассажиров","body":"На фотографиях показаны сохранившиеся остатки римской Сердики. Рядом с современными переходами видны каменные мостовые и остатки стен. Это Сердика, римский город под современным. При строительстве второй линии метро археологи исследовали участок под бульваром Княгини Марии Луизы. Работы там продолжались в 2010–2012 годах.\n\nПод площадью Независимости находится пространство под названием Ларго. Там показан участок улицы между восточными и западными воротами. Вдоль неё находились лавки с продуктами и другими товарами.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-eastern-gate-480.a73e0e35.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-eastern-gate-960.a73e0e35.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-eastern-gate-1600.a73e0e35.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#463c33","h":324,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-eastern-gate-960.a73e0e35.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-eastern-gate-960.a73e0e35.webp","id":"asset.serd.eastern-gate","alt":"Археологические остатки в современном подземном переходе у станции «Сердика»; видны и современные вмешательства.","objectCaption":"Археологические остатки в современном подземном переходе у станции «Сердика»; видны и современные вмешательства.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Ann Wuyts · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Ann Wuyts. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Archaeological remains presented in the modern underpass at Serdika station; modern interventions are also visible. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Ann Wuyts. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Archaeological remains presented in the modern underpass at Serdika station; modern interventions are also visible. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sofia_-_The_Eastern_Gate_of_Serdica_Fortress_at_the_Serdika_Metro_Station_(Panorama).jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-480.b804bf4d.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-960.b804bf4d.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-1600.b804bf4d.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#4b5a57","h":1199,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-960.b804bf4d.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-960.b804bf4d.webp","id":"asset.serd.largo","alt":"Современный археологический объект. Широкий пол внизу современный; старая кладка выставлена в глубине.","objectCaption":"Современный археологический объект. Широкий пол внизу современный; старая кладка выставлена в глубине.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Sofia Historiy Museum 1928 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Sofia Historiy Museum 1928. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Archaeological site today. The broad lower floor is modern; old masonry is displayed at the back. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Sofia Historiy Museum 1928. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 4.0. Archaeological site today. The broad lower floor is modern; old masonry is displayed at the back. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ориентир для современного объекта. Зона не обозначает античных границ.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.serd.largo","name":"Ларго — под площадью Независимости","latitude":42.69745,"longitude":23.321332,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":100,"sourceIds":["src.serd.coordinates-largo","src.serd.complex"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/ru/place/#largo","slug":"serd.largo","url":"/ru/map/#serd.largo"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":28.354916666666668,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.serdica-roman-sofia.serdica-roman-sofia.s1-under-the-metro","duration":28.459,"src":"/audio/ru/serdica-roman-sofia/s1-under-the-metro.45c1008f.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.serd.complex"},{"id":"src.serd.commons"}]},{"id":"serdica-roman-sofia.s2-name-and-streets","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Две улицы между воротами","body":"В I веке здесь складывается римский город Сердика. Две главные улицы соединяют городские ворота. Кардо максимус — главная улица с севера на юг. Декуманус максимус — главная улица с востока на запад.\n\nНа карте вы видите Ларго и расположенную поблизости круглую церковь Святого Георгия. Такое круглое здание называется ротондой.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Ориентир для современного объекта. Зона не обозначает античных границ.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.serd.largo","name":"Ларго — под площадью Независимости","latitude":42.69745,"longitude":23.321332,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":100,"sourceIds":["src.serd.coordinates-largo","src.serd.complex"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/ru/place/#largo","slug":"serd.largo","url":"/ru/map/#serd.largo"},{"note":"Ориентир для современного объекта. Зона не обозначает античных границ.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.serd.rotunda","name":"Ротонда Святого Георгия","latitude":42.696906,"longitude":23.322896,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.serd.coordinates-rotunda"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/ru/place/#saint-george-rotunda-church","slug":"serd.rotunda","url":"/ru/map/#serd.rotunda"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Ориентир для современного объекта. 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исчез пол?","body":"Рядом с ротондой рядами стоят низкие кирпичные опоры. Это были не маленькие сиденья. Они поддерживали пол помещения. Под ним оставалось пространство для тёплого воздуха. Так помещение отапливалось снизу. Эта система называется гипокаустом.\n\nНа снимке верхний пол уже отсутствует, и опоры видны. По ним можно понять, как работало отопление. Для этого не нужно знать людей, пользовавшихся помещением.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-excavations-480.f4def431.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-excavations-960.f4def431.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-excavations-1600.f4def431.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#7e7571","h":1284,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-excavations-960.f4def431.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-excavations-960.f4def431.webp","id":"asset.serd.rotunda-excavations","alt":"Кирпичные опоры у ротонды, которые считают частью системы напольного отопления. Верхний пол не сохранился.","objectCaption":"Кирпичные опоры у ротонды, которые считают частью системы напольного отопления. Верхний пол не сохранился.","caption":"Кирпичные опоры у ротонды, которые считают частью системы напольного отопления. Верхний пол не сохранился.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Bjoertvedt · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Bjoertvedt · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Bjoertvedt · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Excavations_Church_St_Georg_Rotunda_IMG_0612.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-serd-support","x":0.45,"y":0.55,"title":"Кирпичная опора","body":"Такие опоры поддерживали верхний пол. Сейчас он отсутствует.","sourceIds":["src.serd.rotunda-archaeology","src.serd.hypocaust","src.serd.commons"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-serd-gap","x":0.51,"y":0.47,"title":"Пространство под полом","body":"Между опорами оставалось место для тёплого воздуха. Это часть гипокауста.","sourceIds":["src.serd.rotunda-archaeology","src.serd.hypocaust","src.serd.commons"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-serd-wall","x":0.08,"y":0.43,"title":"Толстая стена","body":"На снимке видны ряды кирпичей и камней. По одному снимку нельзя датировать каждый ремонт.","sourceIds":["src.serd.commons"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[{"note":"Ориентир для современного объекта. Зона не обозначает античных границ.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.serd.rotunda","name":"Ротонда Святого Георгия","latitude":42.696906,"longitude":23.322896,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":30,"sourceIds":["src.serd.coordinates-rotunda"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/ru/place/#saint-george-rotunda-church","slug":"serd.rotunda","url":"/ru/map/#serd.rotunda"}],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":21.690791666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.serdica-roman-sofia.serdica-roman-sofia.s3-warm-floor","duration":21.803,"src":"/audio/ru/serdica-roman-sofia/s3-warm-floor.ff548e87.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.serd.rotunda-archaeology"},{"id":"src.serd.hypocaust"},{"id":"src.serd.commons"}]},{"id":"serdica-roman-sofia.a1-hypocaust","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Задание: тепло под ногами","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.serd.hypocaust","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Для чего служили низкие кирпичные опоры?","sourceIds":["src.serd.rotunda-archaeology","src.serd.hypocaust","src.serd.commons"],"items":[{"id":"opt-seats","label":"Для сидений у улицы.","whyWrong":"Опоры находились под полом, а не служили доступными сиденьями."},{"id":"opt-floor","label":"Для пола, под которым проходил тёплый воздух."},{"id":"opt-writing","label":"Для нанесения императорских указов.","whyWrong":"В рассказе показана система отопления, а не надпись."}],"explanation":"Опоры удерживали пол над пространством для тёплого воздуха. Это гипокауст.","correctItemId":"opt-floor","sources":[{"id":"src.serd.rotunda-archaeology"},{"id":"src.serd.hypocaust"},{"id":"src.serd.commons"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.78975,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.serdica-roman-sofia.serdica-roman-sofia.a1-hypocaust","duration":2.901,"src":"/audio/ru/serdica-roman-sofia/a1-hypocaust.6c271a6d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.serd.rotunda-archaeology"},{"id":"src.serd.hypocaust"},{"id":"src.serd.commons"}]},{"id":"serdica-roman-sofia.s4-edict","number":5,"kind":"narrative","title":"Галерий разрешает христианские собрания","body":"В 311 году император Галерий разрешил христианам вновь исповедовать свою веру. Он разрешил им и собираться. Такой указ называется эдиктом. Условиями были соблюдение порядка и молитвы за правителя и государство.\n\nДокумент известен также как «Сердикийский эдикт». Однако сохранившийся рассказ указывает другое место: Никомедию. Там указ был публично оглашён 30 апреля 311 года. Место его составления остаётся неясным.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-obverse-480.a0fbec0c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-obverse-960.a0fbec0c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-obverse-1600.a0fbec0c.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#888c98","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-obverse-960.a0fbec0c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-obverse-960.a0fbec0c.webp","id":"asset.serd.galerius-obverse","alt":"Профиль Галерия согласно описанию фотографа; монета из Кизика, а не сам эдикт, и её находка в Софии не установлена.","objectCaption":"Профиль Галерия согласно описанию фотографа; монета из Кизика, а не сам эдикт, и её находка в Софии не установлена.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"MumblerJamie · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","attribution":"Photo: MumblerJamie. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 2.0. Galerius’s profile according to the photographer’s description; a coin from Cyzicus, not the edict or an established Sofia find. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"MumblerJamie. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 2.0. Galerius’s profile according to the photographer’s description; a coin from Cyzicus, not the edict or an established Sofia find. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nummus_of_Galerius_-_Obverse.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-reverse-480.9e5b5e27.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-reverse-960.9e5b5e27.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-reverse-1600.9e5b5e27.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#868a96","h":1200,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-reverse-960.9e5b5e27.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-galerius-reverse-960.9e5b5e27.webp","id":"asset.serd.galerius-reverse","alt":"Оборотная сторона монеты с фигурой стоящего человека. Тот же тип монеты, что на снимке с Галерием; это не текст эдикта.","objectCaption":"Оборотная сторона монеты с фигурой стоящего человека. Тот же тип монеты, что на снимке с Галерием; это не текст эдикта.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"MumblerJamie · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 2.0","attribution":"Photo: MumblerJamie. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 2.0. Coin reverse with a standing figure. The same coin type as the Galerius portrait photograph; not a document of the edict. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"MumblerJamie. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 2.0. Coin reverse with a standing figure. The same coin type as the Galerius portrait photograph; not a document of the edict. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nummus_of_Galerius_-_Reverse.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":24.581666666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.serdica-roman-sofia.serdica-roman-sofia.s4-edict","duration":24.704,"src":"/audio/ru/serdica-roman-sofia/s4-edict.e25b2787.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.serd.lactantius"},{"id":"src.serd.dimitrov2017"},{"id":"src.serd.commons"}]},{"id":"serdica-roman-sofia.s5-my-rome","number":6,"kind":"narrative","title":"Константин и его «Рим»","body":"Константин тоже бывал в Сердике. Ему приписывают слова «Сердика — мой Рим».\n\nЭта фраза сохранилась в более позднем рассказе, а не в записи самого разговора. Поэтому мы представляем её как предание. Это передаваемые слова о прошлом, точность которых мы не можем подтвердить.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-480.530ad4f8.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-960.530ad4f8.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-1062.530ad4f8.avif","w":1062}],"dominant":"#9a9080","h":1600,"w":1062,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-960.530ad4f8.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-constantine-head-960.530ad4f8.webp","id":"asset.serd.constantine-head","alt":"Бронзовая голова, представленная как изображение Константина, MC1072, Капитолийские музеи в Риме. Неизвестно, была ли она найдена в Сердике. Шея добавлена позже.","objectCaption":"Бронзовая голова","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Jastrow (фотография, 2006); античный скульптор неизвестен · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Photo: Jastrow (2006). Ancient sculptor Unknown. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Bronze head presented as Constantine, MC1072, Capitoline Museums, Rome. It is not known as a find from Serdica. The neck is a later addition. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Jastrow (2006). Ancient sculptor Unknown. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Bronze head presented as Constantine, MC1072, Capitoline Museums, Rome. It is not known as a find from Serdica. The neck is a later addition. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Head_Constantine_Musei_Capitolini_MC1072.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:PD-user"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":14.817666666666666,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.serdica-roman-sofia.serdica-roman-sofia.s5-my-rome","duration":14.933,"src":"/audio/ru/serdica-roman-sofia/s5-my-rome.3f56be5a.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.serd.desena2014"},{"id":"src.serd.capitoline"},{"id":"src.serd.capitoline-provenance"}]},{"id":"serdica-roman-sofia.a2-timeline","number":7,"kind":"activity","title":"Задание: расположите следы по порядку","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.serd.timeline","kind":"sequence","prompt":"Расположите события по порядку, начиная с самого раннего.","sourceIds":["src.serd.antiquity","src.serd.lactantius","src.serd.complex"],"items":[{"id":"ev-town","label":"Складывается римский город"},{"id":"ev-edict","label":"Эдикт Галерия"},{"id":"ev-metro","label":"Раскопки при строительстве второй линии метро"}],"explanation":"Римский город складывается в I веке. Затем следуют эдикт 311 года и раскопки 2010–2012 годов.","correctOrderIds":["ev-town","ev-edict","ev-metro"],"sources":[{"id":"src.serd.antiquity"},{"id":"src.serd.lactantius"},{"id":"src.serd.complex"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":3.5792083333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.serdica-roman-sofia.serdica-roman-sofia.a2-timeline","duration":3.669,"src":"/audio/ru/serdica-roman-sofia/a2-timeline.00ef3773.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.serd.antiquity"},{"id":"src.serd.lactantius"},{"id":"src.serd.complex"}]},{"id":"serdica-roman-sofia.s6-rotunda","number":8,"kind":"artifact","title":"Круглое здание остаётся","body":"Во дворе президентской резиденции стоит церковь Святого Георгия. Муниципалитет датирует круглое здание началом IV века. Предполагается, что в раннехристианское время оно служило крестильней. Это место для христианского крещения.\n\nСогласно одной из интерпретаций, сама ротонда первоначально была горячим помещением римской бани. Мы не знаем наверняка её первоначального назначения.\n\nПосмотрите на круглую кирпичную стену и руины перед ней. Нынешняя крыша и окружающие крупные здания относятся к более позднему времени.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-480.119086ed.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-960.119086ed.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-1600.119086ed.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#766b5d","h":1600,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-960.119086ed.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-960.119086ed.webp","id":"asset.serd.rotunda","alt":"Круглая кирпичная церковь среди более поздних зданий и археологических остатков; современный вид.","objectCaption":"Круглая кирпичная церковь среди более поздних зданий и археологических остатков; современный вид.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Ann Wuyts · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 2.0","attribution":"Photo: Ann Wuyts. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Round brick church among later buildings and archaeological remains; present-day view. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Ann Wuyts. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 2.0. Round brick church among later buildings and archaeological remains; present-day view. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rotunda_Sveti_Georgi%2C_Sofia.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-detail-480.eece903c.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-detail-960.eece903c.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-detail-1600.eece903c.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#806459","h":1594,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-detail-960.eece903c.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-rotunda-detail-960.eece903c.webp","id":"asset.serd.rotunda-detail","alt":"Фрагмент современной кирпичной кладки ротонды. По снимку нельзя датировать каждый ремонт.","objectCaption":"Фрагмент современной кирпичной кладки ротонды. По снимку нельзя датировать каждый ремонт.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Gitanes232 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC0","attribution":"Photo: Gitanes232. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Detail of the rotunda’s present brick wall. The photograph cannot date every repair. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Gitanes232. Wikimedia Commons. CC0. Detail of the rotunda’s present brick wall. The photograph cannot date every repair. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:StGeorgi-Rotundata-Sofia30.jpg","licenseUrl":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-fortress-480.6bab5c3b.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-fortress-960.6bab5c3b.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-fortress-1600.6bab5c3b.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#8f7d6f","h":1536,"w":2048,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-fortress-960.6bab5c3b.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-fortress-960.6bab5c3b.webp","id":"asset.serd.fortress","alt":"Кирпичная арка и каменные элементы в подземном переходе. Не все видимые элементы являются нетронутой античной кладкой.","objectCaption":"Кирпичная арка и каменные элементы в подземном переходе. Не все видимые элементы являются нетронутой античной кладкой.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Elena Chochkova · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Elena Chochkova. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. Brick arch and stone elements displayed in an underpass. Not all visible elements are untouched ancient masonry. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Elena Chochkova. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY-SA 3.0. Brick arch and stone elements displayed in an underpass. Not all visible elements are untouched ancient masonry. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Serdica_Fortress_E1.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-vertical-480.a253dfeb.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-vertical-960.a253dfeb.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-vertical-1594.a253dfeb.avif","w":1594}],"dominant":"#a3938f","h":2400,"w":1594,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-vertical-960.a253dfeb.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-serd-largo-vertical-960.a253dfeb.webp","id":"asset.serd.largo-vertical","alt":"Современное стеклянное покрытие и пол Ларго с выставленной кладкой; это не снимок античной мостовой.","objectCaption":"Современное стеклянное покрытие и пол Ларго с выставленной кладкой; это не снимок античной мостовой.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Laurens R. Krol · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 4.0","attribution":"Photo: Laurens R. Krol. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 4.0. Modern glass cover and floor of the Largo with displayed masonry; not a photograph of an ancient road surface. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Laurens R. Krol. Wikimedia Commons. CC BY 4.0. Modern glass cover and floor of the Largo with displayed masonry; not a photograph of an ancient road surface. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2016-07-27_Bulgaria%2C_Sofia%2C_Serdica_DSC_8821_DxO_2.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h-serd-round","x":0.51,"y":0.35,"title":"Круглая стена","body":"Круглая форма объясняет слово «ротонда». Так здание выглядит сегодня.","sourceIds":["src.serd.municipality-rotunda","src.serd.commons"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-serd-bricks","x":0.53,"y":0.51,"title":"Кирпичи","body":"Видны ряды красных кирпичей. Снимок не доказывает, что каждый ряд относится к IV веку.","sourceIds":["src.serd.commons"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h-serd-neighbours","x":0.35,"y":0.68,"title":"Остатки перед церковью","body":"Ротонда входит в состав более крупного археологического комплекса. Не всякую стену можно назвать дворцом.","sourceIds":["src.serd.rotunda-archaeology","src.serd.desena2014","src.serd.commons"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[{"note":"Ориентир для современного объекта. 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