{"version":2,"locale":"ru","id":"story.unification-1885","hasFind":true,"slug":"unification-1885","url":"/ru/stories/unification-1885/","topic":"Соединение Болгарии 1885","title":"Одна ночь в Пловдиве","summary":"Фаэтон, два документа и одна аллегория рассказывают о Соединении: от Пловдива до Сливницы и дипломатического соглашения.","cover":{"title":"Одна ночь в Пловдиве","subtitle":"Соединение, 1885 г.","hook":"Почему за соединением пришла война?","summary":"Фаэтон, два документа и одна аллегория рассказывают о Соединении: от Пловдива до Сливницы и дипломатического соглашения.","takeaway":"Соединение было провозглашено в Пловдиве, защищено в войне и позднее урегулировано дипломатическим путём. Топханенский акт 1886 г. поручил управление Восточной Румелией болгарскому князю. Это был компромисс, сохранявший права Османской империи, а не провозглашение полной независимости."},"sortYear":1885,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Возрождение и Освобождение","dateLabel":"XVIII–XIX века","eraShort":"Возрождение","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Пловдив","date":"1885","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-480.72f51cff.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-960.72f51cff.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-1029.72f51cff.avif","w":1029}],"dominant":"#705744","h":2400,"w":1029,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-960.72f51cff.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-alexander-cutout-960.72f51cff.webp","id":"asset.unif.alexander-cutout","alt":"Живописный портрет Александра Баттенберга: выделенная фигура, а не фотография событий 1885 года.","objectCaption":"Портрет Александра I","caption":"","kindLabel":"Рисунок","kind":"artwork","visibleKind":"Рисунок","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Konrad Dielitz · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Portrait of Alexander I, Konrad Dielitz, 1881. Painted portrait, oil on canvas. Konrad Dielitz / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cut-out detail; background removed. Painted portrait — oil on canvas","attributionParts":[{"text":"Portrait of Alexander I, Konrad Dielitz, 1881. Painted portrait, oil on canvas. Konrad Dielitz / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cut-out detail; background removed. Painted portrait — oil on canvas","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Alexander_I_von_Battenberg.png","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"},"scenes":[{"id":"unification-1885.s1-carriage","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Фаэтон губернатора","body":"Пловдив, ночь с 5 на 6 сентября 1885 г. Солдаты и отряды окружают резиденцию главного управляющего Гаврила Крыстевича. Войска возглавляет майор Данаил Николаев; среди участников отрядов — люди Чардафона из Голямо Конаре. Крыстевич смещён. Историк Илия Тодев описывает, как затем его возят по городу в фаэтоне, прежде чем отвезти в Голямо Конаре.\n\nСмещение управляющего проходит без боя, но слово «бескровное» имеет границы: в ходе тех же событий есть погибшие, в том числе Райчо Николов в Пловдиве. Соединение провозглашено. Почему же всего два месяца спустя начинается война?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-480.9bfcd353.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-960.9bfcd353.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-1600.9bfcd353.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#969696","h":1116,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-960.9bfcd353.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-press687-960.9bfcd353.webp","id":"asset.unif.press687","alt":"Пловдив в «Живописном обозрении», 1885 год. Иллюстрация из периодической печати, не фотография события.","objectCaption":"Пловдив в «Живописном обозрении», 1885 год. Иллюстрация из периодической печати, не фотография события.","caption":"","kind":"artwork","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Конкретный иллюстратор не установлен; Живописное обозрение стран света; оцифровка: Российская национальная библиотека / kmv20120 · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Plovdiv in Zhivopisnoye Obozreniye, 1885. Period press illustration, not an event photograph. Individual illustrator not established; Живописное обозрение стран света; digitisation: Russian National Library / kmv20120 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Plovdiv in Zhivopisnoye Obozreniye, 1885. Period press illustration, not an event photograph. Individual illustrator not established; Живописное обозрение стран света; digitisation: Russian National Library / kmv20120 / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_1885,_%E2%84%96_01-26_(6_%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2._-_30_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8F);_%E2%84%96_27-52_(7_%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8F_-_29_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA.)_Page_687.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":33.26591666666667,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.unification-1885.unification-1885.s1-carriage","duration":33.365,"src":"/audio/ru/unification-1885/s1-carriage.c8192e39.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.unif.todev"},{"id":"src.unif.preparation"},{"id":"src.unif.mitev"}]},{"id":"unification-1885.s2-two-regimes","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Одна граница, два режима","body":"Чтобы понять события ночи в Пловдиве, нужно вернуться к Берлинскому договору 1878 г. Он учреждает Княжество Болгария как автономное княжество под сюзеренитетом султана. Восточная Румелия остаётся под его прямой политической и военной властью, но получает административную автономию. Ею управляет генерал-губернатор христианского вероисповедания.\n\nПловдив — центр сентябрьской акции; София — столица Княжества. Сливница лежит к западу от Софии, на пути, по которому наступит сербская армия. Соединение на практике устраняет разделение между двумя администрациями. Оно не делает Болгарию полностью независимым государством в одночасье.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"В Пловдиве 6 сентября 1885 года провозгласили Соединение Княжества Болгарии с Восточной Румелией.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.unif.plovdiv","name":"Пловдив","latitude":42.142086,"longitude":24.741454,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":5000,"sourceIds":["src.unif.coords.plovdiv","src.r1943.coords-plovdiv","src.r1943.ragaru2017","src.r1943.huji-clergy"],"short":"Пловдив","guideUrl":null,"slug":"unif.plovdiv","url":"/ru/map/#unif.plovdiv"},{"note":"София была столицей Княжества Болгарии и целью сербского наступления в ноябре 1885 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той ночи","body":"За краткой акцией стоят месяцы работы. В феврале 1885 г. в Пловдиве создан тайный комитет, известный как Болгарский тайный центральный революционный комитет, или БТЦРК. Его председатель — Захари Стоянов. Его газета «Борба» агитирует за соединение. Комитет привлекает офицеров и готовит совместное выступление войск и вооружённых отрядов.\n\nПортрет Захари Стоянова — архивная фотография. Групповой портрет воспроизведён на памятном листе 1925 г., через сорок лет после Соединения. После смещения Крыстевича временное правительство возглавляет доктор Георги Странски.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-zahari-480.df34363a.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-zahari-898.df34363a.avif","w":898}],"dominant":"#979797","h":1245,"w":898,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-zahari-898.df34363a.webp","w":898}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-zahari-898.df34363a.webp","id":"asset.unif.zahari","alt":"Архивная портретная фотография Захария Стоянова, до 1889 года.","objectCaption":"Архивная портретная фотография Захария Стоянова, до 1889 года.","caption":"","kindLabel":"Архив","kind":"archive","visibleKind":"Архив","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Dimitar Karastoyanov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons","license":"Public domain","attribution":"Zahari Stoyanov, photograph before 1889. Archival photograph. Dimitar Karastoyanov / Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. 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Иллюстрация из тогдашней печати — рисунок о войне, а не фотография с поля боя.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-480.6171a698.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-960.6171a698.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-1116.6171a698.avif","w":1116}],"dominant":"#a2a2a2","h":1600,"w":1116,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-960.6171a698.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-unif-press864-960.6171a698.webp","id":"asset.unif.press864","alt":"Иллюстрации к Сербско-болгарской войне, 1885 год. Иллюстрация из периодической печати, не фотография события.","objectCaption":"Иллюстрации к Сербско-болгарской войне, 1885 год. 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