{"version":2,"locale":"ru","id":"story.vasil-levski","hasFind":true,"slug":"vasil-levski","url":"/ru/stories/vasil-levski/","topic":"Васил Левски","title":"Письма о республике","summary":"Записная книжка, квитанция и проект правил показывают, как работает сеть Левски. Проследим путь писем до Ловеча и Бухареста, а затем отделим известное от спорного в истории его задержания и казни.","cover":{"title":"Письма о республике","subtitle":"Васил Левски и сеть комитетов","hook":"Как письма связывают комитеты Левски?","summary":"Записная книжка, квитанция и проект правил показывают, как работает сеть Левски. Проследим путь писем до Ловеча и Бухареста, а затем отделим известное от спорного в истории его задержания и казни.","takeaway":"Сеть создана усилиями многих людей; документы показывают подготовку к установлению равных прав, но не разрешают все споры."},"sortYear":1872,"firstActivity":5,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.revival","styleId":"revival","sortOrder":1,"title":"Возрождение и Освобождение","dateLabel":"XVIII–XIX века","eraShort":"Возрождение","slug":"revival","fill":"#B9A48E","ink":"#221616","raised":"#C4B29F","dark":"#77654D"},"epochId":"epoch.revival","placeShort":"Ловеч","date":"1871–1873","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-480.266e48b9.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-960.266e48b9.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-1018.266e48b9.avif","w":1018}],"dominant":"#b49a59","h":756,"w":1018,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-960.266e48b9.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-cutout-960.266e48b9.webp","id":"asset.lev.notebook-display-cutout","alt":"Вырезанный фрагмент с удалённым фоном. Музейная витрина: копия записной книжки и кинжал, представленный как принадлежавший Левски","objectCaption":"Копия записной книжки","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Eola · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Eola / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum display: copy of the notebook and a dagger presented as belonging to Levski. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Eola / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum display: copy of the notebook and a dagger presented as belonging to Levski. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Levski_E1.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"vasil-levski.s1-pocket","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Карманная записная книжка","body":"В карманной записной книжке указаны расходы на хлеб, маслины и яблоки. Есть и расходы на почту. Записи принадлежат Василу Иванову Кунчеву из Карлова, известному как Левски.\n\nОн готовит восстание против османского владычества. Люди из разных населённых пунктов должны действовать сообща. Один человек не может сделать всё. Кто носит письма и кто хранит общие деньги?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-480.95f8c880.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-960.95f8c880.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-1600.95f8c880.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#877041","h":902,"w":1600,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-960.95f8c880.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-lev-notebook-display-960.95f8c880.webp","id":"asset.lev.notebook-display","alt":"Музейная витрина: копия записной книжки и кинжал, представленный как принадлежавший Левски","objectCaption":"Копия записной книжки","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Eola · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Eola / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum display: copy of the notebook and a dagger presented as belonging to Levski. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Eola / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Museum display: copy of the notebook and a dagger presented as belonging to Levski. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Levski_E1.JPG","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":20.63425,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.vasil-levski.vasil-levski.s1-pocket","duration":20.736,"src":"/audio/ru/vasil-levski/s1-pocket.c89602d9.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.lev.notebook"},{"id":"src.lev.birth"},{"id":"src.lev.chronicle"},{"id":"src.lev.nareda"},{"id":"src.lev.apostle"},{"id":"src.lev.photo.notebook-display"}]},{"id":"vasil-levski.s2-network","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Кто несёт письмо?","body":"В 1869 г. Левски объезжает болгарские земли. В последующие годы он создаёт комитеты — местные группы для подготовки восстания. Согласно музейной хронике, в начале 1871 г. центр находится в Ловече.\n\nПроект правил «Нареда» предусматривает тайную почту. Курьер носит сообщения. Письма должны проходить через определённых лиц, а состав комитетов оставаться тайным.\n\nВесной 1872 г. в Бухаресте общее собрание принимает устав и программу. Устав определяет порядок работы организации. Как ведётся учёт общих денег?","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Город, где родился Левски. Точка обозначает город, а не точное место рождения.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.karlovo","name":"Карлово","latitude":42.642034,"longitude":24.80821,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q316841","src.lev.chronicle","src.rose.geo-karlovo","src.rose.omda"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.karlovo","url":"/ru/map/#lev.karlovo"},{"note":"Центр с начала 1871 года согласно музейной хронике. Точка обозначает город, а не тайную квартиру.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.lovech","name":"Ловеч","latitude":43.134777,"longitude":24.711535,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q189328","src.lev.chronicle"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.lovech","url":"/ru/map/#lev.lovech"},{"note":"Город, где состоялось общее собрание 1872 года; точный адрес здесь не установлен.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.bucharest","name":"Бухарест","latitude":44.41336111111111,"longitude":26.09777777777778,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":8000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q19660","src.lev.chronicle"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.bucharest","url":"/ru/map/#lev.bucharest"}],"map":{"light":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief@3x.jpg?v=075869a7dd","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-1024.4c826249.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-1536.8876519a.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-2x-2048.4c826249.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-3x-3072.8876519a.avif","w":3072}]},"dark":{"src":"/assets/maps/relief-dark@3x.jpg?v=0941a59d06","w":3072,"h":1987,"avif":[],"webp":[],"responsive":[{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-1024.73ab39a9.avif","w":1024},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-1536.4f3ca147.avif","w":1536},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-2x-2048.73ab39a9.avif","w":2048},{"src":"/media/map/map-relief-dark-3x-3072.4f3ca147.avif","w":3072}]},"places":[{"note":"Город, где родился Левски. Точка обозначает город, а не точное место рождения.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.karlovo","name":"Карлово","latitude":42.642034,"longitude":24.80821,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q316841","src.lev.chronicle","src.rose.geo-karlovo","src.rose.omda"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.karlovo","url":"/ru/map/#lev.karlovo","number":1,"x":41.35262,"y":52.28929,"inside":true,"viewX":40.76469470967742,"viewY":67.03149627741936},{"note":"Центр с начала 1871 года согласно музейной хронике. Точка обозначает город, а не тайную квартиру.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.lev.lovech","name":"Ловеч","latitude":43.134777,"longitude":24.711535,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.lev.geo.q189328","src.lev.chronicle"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"lev.lovech","url":"/ru/map/#lev.lovech","number":2,"x":40.14419,"y":39.28917,"inside":true,"viewX":39.26780077419355,"viewY":50.36618115483872},{"note":"Город, где состоялось общее собрание 1872 года; точный адрес здесь не 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море","kind":"nature","x":86.25,"y":45.496,"viewX":96.37951380645163,"viewY":58.322936774193565},{"name":"Стара-Планина","kind":"nature","x":41.25,"y":49.45,"viewX":40.637578322580644,"viewY":63.39170967741937},{"name":"Рила","kind":"nature","x":25.625,"y":65.69,"viewX":21.282739612903224,"viewY":84.21034193548388},{"name":"Пирин","kind":"nature","x":24.125,"y":75.565,"viewX":19.424675096774195,"viewY":96.86945483870969},{"name":"Родопы","kind":"nature","x":38.75,"y":79.447,"viewX":37.54080412903226,"viewY":101.84592838709679},{"name":"Странджа","kind":"nature","x":76.25,"y":67.774,"viewX":83.99241703225806,"viewY":86.88189548387099}],"crop":{"sx":0.8072916666666666,"sy":0.7800704579768494,"x":0.08443621666666667,"y":0},"credit":{"id":"map-relief"}},"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":32.72025,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.vasil-levski.vasil-levski.s2-network","duration":32.811,"src":"/audio/ru/vasil-levski/s2-network.2a9695b9.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.lev.chronicle"},{"id":"src.lev.nareda"},{"id":"src.lev.documents"},{"id":"src.lev.apostle"}]},{"id":"vasil-levski.s3-receipt","number":3,"kind":"artifact","title":"Квитанция со львом","body":"Этот лист — квитанция, письменное подтверждение получения денег. Вверху видны бланк и дата. Справа внизу — круглый оттиск со львом. Описание в Commons датирует её 25 марта 1872 г.\n\nСогласно «Нареде», казначей, хранящий деньги, должен выдавать пронумерованные расписки. Полученные суммы он должен записывать в книгу. В записной книжке есть расход на книги для расписок.\n\nНа наш взгляд, эти следы указывают на важность учёта для сети. Они не доказывают, что в счетах не было ошибок. Ради какого будущего собирают деньги?","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-480.339a53d7.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-960.339a53d7.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-1600.339a53d7.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-2400.339a53d7.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#c4b3a6","h":1315,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-960.339a53d7.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-lev-receipt-960.339a53d7.webp","id":"asset.lev.receipt","alt":"Репродукция комитетской квитанции, датированной в Commons 25 марта 1872 года. Не установлено, является ли сфотографированный документ оригиналом или копией.","objectCaption":"Репродукция комитетской квитанции, датированной в Commons 25 марта 1872 года. Не установлено, является ли сфотографированный документ оригиналом или копией.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Pety anta · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Pety anta / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reproduction of a committee receipt, dated in Commons to 25 March 1872. Whether the photographed carrier is an original or copy is not established. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Pety anta / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reproduction of a committee receipt, dated in Commons to 25 March 1872. Whether the photographed carrier is an original or copy is not established. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A7%D0%91%D0%A0%D0%9A_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%87%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8_25_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_1872%D0%B3.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-480.5b7443c9.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-960.5b7443c9.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-1600.5b7443c9.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#b19e90","h":2400,"w":1968,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-960.5b7443c9.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-lev-accounts-960.5b7443c9.webp","id":"asset.lev.accounts","alt":"Репродукция счетов, описанных в Commons как счета Димитра Общи с пометками Левски, от 17 марта 1872 года. Статус сфотографированного документа не установлен.","objectCaption":"Репродукция счетов, описанных в Commons как счета Димитра Общи с пометками Левски, от 17 марта 1872 года. Статус сфотографированного документа не установлен.","caption":"","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"Pety anta · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Image: Pety anta / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reproduction of accounts described in Commons as Dimitar Obshti’s accounts with notes by Levski, 17 March 1872. The status of the photographed carrier is not established. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Image: Pety anta / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Reproduction of accounts described in Commons as Dimitar Obshti’s accounts with notes by Levski, 17 March 1872. The status of the photographed carrier is not established. 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