{"version":2,"locale":"ru","id":"story.vidin-baba-vida","hasFind":true,"slug":"vidin-baba-vida","url":"/ru/stories/vidin-baba-vida/","topic":"Крепость Баба Вида","title":"Замок на Дунае","summary":"Баба Вида — замок в Видине, столице Ивана Срацимира. Рассказ связывает легенду о Виде, пленение царя и более поздние перестройки.","cover":{"title":"Замок на Дунае","subtitle":"Видин: Срацимир и замок Баба Вида","hook":"Как изменился замок после царя?","summary":"Баба Вида — замок в Видине, столице Ивана Срацимира. Рассказ связывает легенду о Виде, пленение царя и более поздние перестройки.","takeaway":"Замок хранит следы нескольких эпох; легенда о его названии отличается от исторического свидетельства."},"sortYear":1356,"firstActivity":4,"epoch":{"id":"epoch.tsardom2","styleId":"tsardom2","sortOrder":3,"title":"Второе Болгарское царство","dateLabel":"1185–1396","eraShort":"Второе царство","slug":"tsardom2","fill":"#86554A","ink":"#F6EEEA","raised":"#754A41","dark":"#805B59"},"epochId":"epoch.tsardom2","placeShort":"Видин","date":"XIV век","image":{"alpha":true,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-480.d0d1d9ec.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-960.d0d1d9ec.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-1600.d0d1d9ec.avif","w":1600}],"dominant":"#72655d","h":450,"w":2344,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-960.d0d1d9ec.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vid-cannon-cutout-960.d0d1d9ec.webp","id":"asset.vid.cannon-cutout","alt":"Вырезанный фрагмент с удалённым фоном. Длинный металлический ствол на двух каменных опорах","objectCaption":"Орудийный ствол","caption":"Выставленный орудийный ствол. Дата и происхождение ствола не установлены.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"contain","credit":"WangHao · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Photo: WangHao, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"WangHao, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. Unmodified. Cut-out detail; background removed.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Крепостта_Баба_Вида_-_оръдие.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"},"scenes":[{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.s1-name","number":1,"kind":"narrative","title":"Легенда о Виде","body":"Перед тобой каменные стены и башни Бабы Виды. По сведениям музея, Баба Вида — одна из наиболее хорошо сохранившихся средневековых крепостей Болгарии. О названии замка рассказывают легенду.\n\nВида была дочерью боярина, знатного человека. Её сёстры Кула и Гымза были несчастливы в браке. Вида отказалась выходить замуж, построила замок и осталась в нём. Это предание, а не доказанная биография.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-480.f9da29ec.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-1600.f9da29ec.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-2400.f9da29ec.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#6f7a88","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.webp","id":"asset.vid.exterior","alt":"Баба Вида: вид снаружи","objectCaption":"Баба Вида: вид снаружи. Современный вид с позднейшими перестройками и реставрациями.","caption":"Баба Вида: вид снаружи. Современный вид с позднейшими перестройками и реставрациями.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Спасимир · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Спасимир, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Спасимир, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baba_Vida_Fortress.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":22.306083333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.s1-name","duration":22.4,"src":"/audio/ru/vidin-baba-vida/s1-name.4ff6d43d.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.museum"},{"id":"src.vid.tourism"},{"id":"src.vid.bts"},{"id":"src.vid.district"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.s2-capital","number":2,"kind":"map","title":"Царь теряет и возвращает Видин","body":"Найдите на карте Видин у Дуная. Здесь находилась столица Видинского царства — государства, правителя которого называли царём. Согласно использованной энциклопедии, Иван Срацимир получил Видинскую область и царский титул в 1356 г.\n\nНо его власть не была непрерывной. В 1365 г. венгерский король захватил Видин и пленил Срацимира. В 1369 г. царь вновь правил здесь. Ниже по течению Дуная находится Никопол.","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[{"note":"Приблизительный ориентир; не обозначает средневековые границы.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.vidin","name":"Видин","latitude":43.98869,"longitude":22.874058,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":2000,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-vidin","src.bel.coords.vidin","src.nik.coords.vidin"],"guideUrl":null,"slug":"vid.vidin","url":"/ru/map/#vid.vidin"},{"note":"Приблизительный ориентир; не обозначает средневековые границы.","precision":"approximate","id":"place.vid.baba-vida","name":"Крепость Баба Вида","latitude":43.993183,"longitude":22.886818,"accuracy":"approximate","radiusMeters":100,"sourceIds":["src.vid.coords-fortress"],"guideUrl":"https://travel-guide-bulgaria.zydeno.com/ru/place/#baba-vida","slug":"vid.baba-vida","url":"/ru/map/#vid.baba-vida"},{"note":"Приблизительное положение города; не точное место 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и девять башен","body":"Замок — укреплённое жилище правителя. Баба Вида служила и домом, и защитой. Вокруг неё находится ров — глубокое углубление в земле. Когда-то его наполняли водой из Дуная. К входу вёл разводной деревянный мост.\n\nУ замка два ряда оборонительных стен. В более старом, внутреннем ряду — девять башен. Жилые помещения располагались вокруг центрального двора.\n\nПосмотрите на снимок. Нынешний мост и видимые стены включают более поздние изменения. Перед нами не сохранившийся в неизменном виде замок времён царя.","images":[{"alpha":false,"avif":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-480.f9da29ec.avif","w":480},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.avif","w":960},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-1600.f9da29ec.avif","w":1600},{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-2400.f9da29ec.avif","w":2400}],"dominant":"#6f7a88","h":1800,"w":2400,"webp":[{"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.webp","w":960}],"src":"/media/asset-vid-exterior-960.f9da29ec.webp","id":"asset.vid.exterior","alt":"Баба Вида: вид снаружи","objectCaption":"Баба Вида: вид снаружи. Современный вид с позднейшими перестройками и реставрациями.","caption":"Баба Вида: вид снаружи. Современный вид с позднейшими перестройками и реставрациями.","kind":"photo","creditLabels":{"title":"Изображения","source":"Открыть источник","full":"Полные сведения об авторстве"},"fit":"cover","credit":"Спасимир · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons","license":"CC BY 3.0","attribution":"Photo: Спасимир, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","attributionParts":[{"text":"Photo: ","lang":"en"},{"text":"Спасимир, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0. Unmodified. Processed image.","lang":"en"}],"sourceUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baba_Vida_Fortress.jpg","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0"}],"hotspots":[{"id":"h.vid.entrance","x":0.824,"y":0.717,"title":"Вход","body":"На снимке вход находится внизу справа. Когда-то доступ к нему защищал подъёмный деревянный мост. Нынешний мост не является средневековым оригиналом.","sourceIds":["src.vid.district","src.vid.photo.exterior"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.vid.outer-wall","x":0.485,"y":0.689,"title":"Внешний пояс","body":"Более низкая стена находится перед высокими частями замка. Источник относит внешний пояс к более позднему времени, чем внутренний. По фотографии нельзя датировать отдельные камни.","sourceIds":["src.vid.district","src.vid.photo.exterior"],"certainty":"source_reported"},{"id":"h.vid.tower","x":0.845,"y":0.423,"title":"Башня","body":"Башня возвышается над входом. По одной фотографии нельзя определить, кто её построил.","sourceIds":["src.vid.photo.exterior"],"certainty":"source_reported"}],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":null,"audio":{"durationSeconds":26.659833333333335,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.s3-defence","duration":26.752,"src":"/audio/ru/vidin-baba-vida/s3-defence.19375ac6.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.district"},{"id":"src.vid.bts"},{"id":"src.vid.photo.exterior"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.a1-defence","number":4,"kind":"activity","title":"Задание: две роли","body":"","images":[],"hotspots":[],"places":[],"map":null,"activity":{"id":"q.vid.roles","kind":"single_choice","prompt":"Какие две роли выполняла Баба Вида?","sourceIds":["src.vid.bts","src.vid.district"],"items":[{"id":"opt-home-defence","label":"Дом правителя и оборона"},{"id":"opt-only-museum","label":"Музей и выставочное пространство с самого начала","whyWrong":"Посещения начались намного позже."},{"id":"opt-only-bridge","label":"Только мост через Дунай","whyWrong":"Мост ведёт ко входу в замок, не составляет весь замок и не пересекает Дунай."}],"explanation":"Замок сочетал укреплённое жилище и защиту. Ров, мост и стены затрудняли доступ.","correctItemId":"opt-home-defence","sources":[{"id":"src.vid.bts"},{"id":"src.vid.district"}]},"audio":{"durationSeconds":2.696833333333333,"source":"synthetic_tts","voice":"ru_RU-dmitri-medium","provider":"Piper","assetId":"audio.ru.vidin-baba-vida.vidin-baba-vida.a1-defence","duration":2.816,"src":"/audio/ru/vidin-baba-vida/a1-defence.2134a624.m4a"},"textRevised":false,"sources":[{"id":"src.vid.bts"},{"id":"src.vid.district"}]},{"id":"vidin-baba-vida.s4-nicopolis","number":5,"kind":"narrative","title":"Поражение при Никополе","body":"В 1396 г. войско крестоносцев продвигалось вдоль Дуная. Это было христианское войско, выступившее против Османской империи. 25 сентября под Никополем крестоносцы потерпели поражение.\n\nСогласно традиционной версии, после этой битвы османский правитель Баязид захватил Видин и пленил Срацимира. Есть и другое предположение: царская власть сохранялась при сыне Срацимира Константине до 1422 г. 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