Photomechanical printLater depiction

Nicholas I

c. 800–867

Where you meet Nicholas I

Cut-out detail; background removed. Both sides of a gold coin of Michael III with Theodora, struck around 843–856. This is not a coin of Boris. — Classical Numismatic Group (CNG) · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons

Boris asks the pope whether he has sinned. Pope Nicholas I condemns killing innocent children.

Scene 5 · Boris I and Christianisation

In 866 Bulgarian envoys take their questions to Rome. Pope Nicholas I sends Formosus and Paul.

Scene 6 · Boris I and Christianisation

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Manuscript miniature · Unknown Byzantine illuminator · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Nikephoros
Not a portrait · Unknown scribe; texts by Synkellos and Theophanes; digitisation: National Library of France · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Constantine of Apamea
Not a portrait · Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (www.cngcoins.com) · CC BY-SA 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons
Nicholas Mystikos
Manuscript miniature · Unknown medieval illuminator; Madrid Skylitzes · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Photius
Engraving · Bartolomeo Sacchi (text); illustrator unknown · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Formosus of Porto
Not a portrait · Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Athens, Greece · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons
Paul of Populonia

First Tsardom

Boris I and Christianisation

Sources

Nicholas I; Ernst Perels (Latin edition); Димитър Дечев (Bulgarian translation, reprinted) Responsa Nicolai I papae ad consulta Bulgarorum (866), letter 99 PDF Латински извори за българската история II / Fontes Latini Historiae Bulgaricae II, eds. И. Дуйчев, М. Войнов, Б. Примов, С. Лишев. София: БАН · 1960 · 65–125
Nicholas I; William L. North (translator and introduction) The Responses of Pope Nicholas I to the Questions of the Bulgars A.D. 866 (Letter 99) Fordham University, Internet Medieval Sourcebook
Unidentified print maker; Library of Congress (provider) File:Nicolaus I PP Romanus LCCN98508493.jpg Wikimedia Commons · 1910

All sources (10)

John Robert Martindale (editor); King’s College London Boris 1 Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire I (641–867), online database · 2001
Florin Curta Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500–1300) PDF Brill’s Companions to European History. Leiden/Boston: Brill · 2019 · 19 · 198–209
Klearchos Kapoutsis from Paleo Faliro, Athens, Greece File:The Great Basilica Klearchos 2.jpg Wikimedia Commons
Svilen Enev File:Old Basilica in Pliska 4.JPG Wikimedia Commons
ГИОКИН (Гражданска инициатива за опазване на културно-историческото наследство), open letter; reproduced by OFFNews ГИОКИН: Реставрацията на Голямата базилика в Плиска я обезличава и маргинализира OFFNews, reproduction of an open letter · 2017
Boban Petrovski St. Clement of Ohrid, Khan/kniaz Boris-Mikhail and Kniaz/tsar Simeon: Historical Aspects Slověne = Словѣне. International Journal of Slavic Studies · 2016 · 5 · 10–53
Store norske leksikon Nikolaus 1. Store norske leksikon

Images

Photomechanical print

J. William Gnecchi · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Photomechanical print · 1910 · later depiction · detail

Open source

Full attribution

Unidentified drawing artist; Library of Congress. Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Unmodified. Processed image. Printed reproduction of a drawing. Photomechanical print · 1910 · later depiction · detail

Where you meet Nicholas I

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Boris I: the cost of a new faith

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