History of BulgariaHistory of Bulgaria
Not a portrait: Remains of Adrianople’s walls. Defeated the Latin army at Adrianople in 1205.
Not a portrait

Second Bulgarian Tsardom · Tsar

Kaloyan

≈Dates disputed: 1197–1207

Defeated the Latin emperor Baldwin at Adrianople in 1205.

See the sources for the dating evidence.

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Life

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Kaloyan ruled the Bulgarian tsardom in the early 13th century. In Tarnovo, the tower bears the name of Baldwin of Flanders. He was the Latin emperor. He ruled a state founded in Constantinople by warriors from western Europe. In 1205, Tsar Kaloyan’s forces captured him in the battle of Adrianople.

Sources · 25

An old story, called a tradition, places his prison in this tower. That location is unproven. According to a published description, the tower was reconstructed in the nineteen thirties. The tower at Cherven served as its model.

Sources · 25

Open · Kaloyan

Achievements

  • Defeated the Latin army at Adrianople in 1205.
  • His forces captured Emperor Baldwin.
  • Ruled the Bulgarian tsardom in the early 13th century.

In our stories

Sources

  1. Ian S. R. Mladjov Bulgaria (Bălgarija): kings and emperors of the Bulgarians; princes of Bulgaria and kings of the Bulgarians Ian Mladjov’s Resources, Chronologies. Author’s working chronology, updated March 2024, 6 pp. · 2024
  2. Министерство на външните работи на Република България История МВнР, Информация за България, undated web overview.
  3. Министерство на туризма на Република България Царевец (страница за Велико Търново) Министерство на туризма на Република България · unpaginated
All sources (24)
  1. Geoffrey de Villehardouin; translated by Frank T. Marzials Memoirs or Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and the Conquest of Constantinople London: J. M. Dent,; Fordham University Internet Medieval Sourcebook · 1908 · 64–69, 87–102
  2. Национален туристически клъстер „Българският пътеводител“ Архитектурно-историческият резерват „Царевец“, гр. Велико Търново BG Guide · unpaginated
  3. Еберхард Унджиян Петима души в две лодки – по Лома през 1961 година PDF Природа (БАН) · 2022 · 82–89
  4. Kandi File:Baldwin's Tower.JPG Wikimedia Commons · not applicable
  5. Angel Nikolov Archaeological evidence of Bulgaria’s contacts with the Latin Empire and the Roman Church in the first half of the 13th century. Preliminary remarks PDF Studia Academica Šumenensia. Shumen University Press · 2021 · 8 · 227–260
  6. Florin Curta Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 PDF Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge University Press · 2006 · xxv
  7. Loyset Liédet; reproduction via Wikimedia Commons File:ConquestOfConstantinopleByTheCrusadersIn1204.jpg Wikimedia Commons; media file description and imageinfo API
  8. Johann H. Addicks (-jha-) File:Theodosianische Landmauer in Istanbul.jpg Wikimedia Commons; media file description and imageinfo API
  9. Innocent III, Kaloyan and Archbishop Basil; Bulgarian translation Mihail Voynov and Ivan Duychev; notes Ivan Bozhilov; general editor Emil Iv. Dimitrov Преписка на българите с папа Инокентий III Държава и църква през XIII век. Синодик на цар Борил. Sofia: Slavika; digital transcription at kroraina.com · 1999 · 8–9, 22–25, 34–35, 46–53
  10. Francesco Dall’Aglio Rex or Imperator? Kalojan’s Royal Title in the Correspondence with Innocent III PDF Studia Ceranea · 2019 · 9 · 171–185
  11. Carlo Raso; medieval painter unknown File:Pope Innocent III (Monastery of Subiaco).jpg Wikimedia Commons; media file description and imageinfo API
  12. www.vacacionesbulgaria.com (Infobgv) File:Tsarevets-Panorama.jpg Wikimedia Commons; media file description and imageinfo API
  13. Rebecca Griffiths / York Museums Trust File:Medieval, Papal bulla of Pope Innocent III (FindID 891636).jpg Wikimedia Commons; Portable Antiquities Scheme, York Museums Trust, record 891636
  14. Sailko File:Sigillo di papa innocenzo III, da high street, dublino, 1198-1216 ca.jpg Wikimedia Commons; media file description and imageinfo API
  15. Wikimedia geographical database contributors Adrianople, now Edirne: geographical record Wikimedia geographical database
  16. Wikimedia geographical database contributors Tarnovo, now Veliko Tarnovo: geographical record Wikimedia geographical database
  17. Wikimedia geographical database contributors Constantinople: geographical record Wikimedia geographical database
  18. Wikimedia geographical database contributors Rome: geographical record Wikimedia geographical database
  19. Dosseman File:Edirne Roman Walls and Macedonian Tower 0210.jpg Wikimedia Commons; media file description and imageinfo API
  20. Leibniz-Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung Kalojan Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas
  21. БДЖ – Пътнически превози Поредица Български владетели – Цар Калоян Чети във влака

Images

Not a portrait

Dosseman · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Not a portrait: Remains of Adrianople’s walls. Defeated the Latin army at Adrianople in 1205.

Open source

Full attribution

Dosseman / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. A present-day photograph of walls and the base of the Macedonian Tower at Adrianople, now Edirne. Individual masonry phases are not assigned here to the siege of 1205. Unmodified. Processed image.