Bulgaristan Tarihi
Birinci Bulgar Çarlığı · Han
Krum
811’de İmparator I. Nikephoros’un ordusunu yendi.
Tarihlendirme bilgileri için kaynaklara bakın.
Yaşamı
Editoryal taslak
Krum, dokuzuncu yüzyılın başlarında Bulgaristan'ı yönetti. İmparator I. Nikiforos 811'de ülkeye girerek Pliska'yı ele geçirdi. Bulgar kuvvetleri, geri çekilen ordunun yolunu ahşap engellerle kesti. Başlıca kaynaklardan Teofanes olayları Bizans açısından anlatır. 811 seferine karşı direnişe önderlik etti. Bizans ordusu geri çekilirken yenildi. Daha geç tarihli Suda ona yasalar atfeder. Zafer anlatısı ile yasalar hakkındaki sonraki anlatı, farklı türden kanıtlardır.
Aç · KrumBaşarıları
- 811 seferine karşı direnişe önderlik etti
- Bizans ordusu geri çekilirken yenildi
- Daha geç tarihli Suda ona yasalar atfeder
Hikâyelerimizde
Birinci Çarlık
Krum, Nikiforos ve bir kadeh
Birinci Çarlık
Pliska: sur, saray ve yazıt
Kaynaklar
- John R. Martindale (editor); King’s College London Old Bulgarian Rulers
- Ian S. R. Mladjov Bulgaria (Bălgarija): kings and emperors of the Bulgarians; princes of Bulgaria and kings of the Bulgarians
- Kirił Marinow A scorched earth: The fate of the Bulgarian economic background during the expedition of Nikephoros I Genikos of 811
Tüm kaynaklar (53)
- Unknown fourteenth-century illuminator; scan from Ivan Dujcev, Miniatures from the Manasses Chronicle (1962) File:50-manasses-chronicle.jpg
- Francesco Bini File:Monete bizantine della collezione di louise riancourt, 41 niceforo I.jpg
- Unknown fourteenth-century illuminator; scan from Ivan Dujcev, Miniatures from the Manasses Chronicle (1962) File:51-manasses-chronicle.jpg
- Svilen Enev File:Ruins in Pliska Palace 9.JPG
- www.bdmundo.com File:National Historical and Archaeological Preserve Pliska (23607833594).jpg
- Anonymous compilers; Milan printers Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Joannes Bissolus and Benedictus Mangius; digitisation via Gallica File:SudaArist.jpg
- Десислава Найденова Историческата достоверност на Лексикона „Суда“ като източник за законодателството на хан Крум PDF
- Leonora Neville Chronicle of 811
- Ангел Николов Хан Крум във византийската традиция: страшни слухове, дезинформация и политическа пропаганда PDF
- OpenStreetMap contributors Pliska outer city
- Prosopography of the Byzantine Empire, King’s College London Krum 1
- Регионален исторически музей – Шумен НИАР „Плиска“
- Steven Runciman A History of the First Bulgarian Empire. Book II, Chapter I: An Emperor’s Skull
- Anonymous Byzantine compilers; translated by Kiril Galev; edited by David Whitehead Suda: Bulgars
- Theophanes Confessor; ed. Carl de Boor Theophanis chronographia
- Wikimedia geographical database contributors Varbitsa Pass
- Веселин Бешевлиев Прабългарски епиграфски паметници
- Nora Dimitrova Inscriptions and Iconography in the Monuments of the Thracian Rider
- Slavi Donchev The Madara Horseman PDF
- Павел Георгиев Плиска — Българският Метрополис от края на „тъмните векове“ PDF
- Национален археологически институт с музей – БАН; редактори: Методи Даскалов, Снежана Горянова, Милена Райчева, Галина Грозданова Езическа България. Власт и общество / Pagan Bulgaria. Power and Society PDF
- Регионален исторически музей – Шумен Национален историко-археологически резерват „Плиска“
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre Madara Rider. World Heritage List no. 43
- Republic of Bulgaria / UNESCO World Heritage Centre Madara Rider: inscribed property map
- Wikimedia geographical database contributors Pliska — Great Basilica area: geographical record
- Sarah T. Brooks Byzantium (ca. 330–1453)
- Corpus Nummorum project (institutional numismatic research portal; no individual byline on page) Coin Typology of Mesembria
- Wikimedia geographical database contributors Nessebar Archaeological Museum
- Wikimedia geographical database contributors Christ Pantocrator
- Wikimedia geographical database contributors St Sophia — the Old Bishopric
- Wikimedia geographical database contributors St Stephen — the New Bishopric
- Museum Ancient Nessebar History of Nessebar
- Museum Ancient Nessebar The Archaeological Museum
- Museum Ancient Nessebar The Christ Pantokrator Church
- Emanuel Petac; Aurel Vîlcu About the Diobols Hoard of Apollonia Pontica and Mesembria Discovered in 1911 in Constanţa (Ancient Tomis) PDF
- Photographer uncredited; ancient object: Mesambria mint, Alexander type Monnaie - Statère aux types d'Alexandre le grand, Mesembria, Thrace - btv1b10060926f (1 of 2).jpg
- Hermann Junghans Mesembria Diobol Av.JPG
- Hermann Junghans Mesembria Rv.JPG
- Japus; watermark removal by Beao Nesebar-panorama-day.JPG
- Chrumps; sharpening by Jacek Halicki Church of Christ Pantocrator Nesebar.jpg
- Museum Ancient Nessebar The Archaeological Museum: Hall Two — Messambria, the Pontic Polis
- Museum Ancient Nessebar Basilica Saint Sofia
- Museum Ancient Nessebar The Saint Stephen Church
- Balkan Heritage Foundation (project with Bulgarian Centre for Underwater Archaeology) Submerged Heritage of Nessebar Excavation Project
- UNESCO World Heritage Centre Ancient City of Nessebar, World Heritage List no. 217
- Museum Ancient Nessebar Fortification Walls
- Rasho Rashev; Yanko Dimitrov Pliska – 100 years of archaeological excavations
- Roland Filzwieser; Andrey Aladzhov; Jona Schlegel; Alois Hinterleitner; Nives Doneus; Hannes Schiel; Janko Dimitrov; Martin Gamon; Falko Daim; Wolfgang Neubauer Pliska – integrated geophysical prospection of the first Early Medieval Bulgarian capital
- Valentin Neikov The Grand Palace in Pliska: Conservation and Presentation PDF
- Vislupus Pliska Fortress 030.jpg
Görseller
Sonraki döneme ait sanatsal tasvir
Özgün eser: Constantine Manasses · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons
Sonraki döneme ait sanatsal tasvir · 1344–1345
Tam kaynak bilgisi
Original: Constantine Manasses / Wikimedia Commons · Public domain. Later artistic depiction · detail