History of BulgariaHistory of Bulgaria
Photograph · 1912 · detail
Photograph

20th century · Tsar

Ferdinand I

1887–1918

Prince from 1887; became tsar when independence was proclaimed in 1908.

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On 22 September 1908 in Bulgaria’s calendar of the time, Ferdinand reads the manifesto. This happens in the Holy Forty Martyrs Church in Tarnovo. A manifesto is a public address announcing an important decision. Bulgaria is proclaimed an independent kingdom. Ferdinand takes the title tsar, meaning the kingdom’s ruler. Then Malinov reads it to the people on Tsarevets hill. The Ottoman government and the Great Powers, the large influential states, do not immediately recognise independence. Negotiations follow.

Sources · 12

Open · Ferdinand I

Achievements

  • Read the independence manifesto in 1908.
  • Took the title tsar.
  • Ruled during international recognition in 1909.

In our stories

Sources

  1. Bulgarian Heraldry and Vexillology Society Royal Bulgarian Heraldry and Vexillology Society, historical heraldry overview, undated.
  2. Национален военноисторически музей Обявяване на независимостта на България – 1908 г. Национален военноисторически музей
  3. Министерство на външните работи на Република България История МВнР, Информация за България, undated web overview.
All sources (11)
  1. Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria History Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria
  2. Russian, Ottoman and Bulgarian governments; Jean-Pierre Maury (digital compilation) Indépendance de la Bulgarie, 1908: proclamation et protocoles Digithèque de matériaux juridiques et politiques, Université de Perpignan (online edition ©2010) · 1909
  3. Стефан Паприков; Horace G. Knowles (forwarding dispatch) The Minister for Foreign Affairs to Minister Knowles, Tirnovo, 5 October; enclosure to Knowles to the Secretary of State, 6 October Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States · 1908
  4. Ferdinand I (text); Bulgarian Archives State Agency (digital copy) File:BASA-143K-1-124-1-Bulgarian Indipendence Manifesto 1908.jpg Wikimedia Commons
  5. Столична библиотека 22 септември – Ден на независимостта на България Столична библиотека
  6. Great Britain, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and the Ottoman Empire; transmitted by Horace Maynard Treaty of Berlin, 13 July (English translation); enclosure to Maynard to Evarts, 28 September Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States · 1878
  7. Учредително народно събрание; Народно събрание на Република България (digital edition) Конституция на Българското княжество PDF Народно събрание: История · 1879
  8. Национален военноисторически музей Февруари: Цар Фердинанд I Военен календар

Images

Photograph

Unknown photographer · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons

Photograph · 1912 · detail

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Full attribution

Unknown photographer / Wikimedia Commons · Public domain. Photograph · 1912 · detail