Asparuh was a ruler of Kubrat’s family. The accounts of his war with Byzantium were written later by Theophanes and Nikephoros, neither an eyewitness. They describe a defended position beside marshes called Onglos; its exact location remains disputed. Led the Bulgars at the lower Danube. The Byzantine campaign against him ended in retreat. The peace of 681 included a payment by the empire. The treaty is a reference date, rather than proof that a state appeared overnight.
History of Bulgaria
